"Elbrus" - unu lawelawe i loko o Rusia. Hoakaka a me ka mōʻaukala o

Mai ka inception o ka 'enehana kamepiula ma ko kakou aina, i ka manao o ka kiʻekiʻe-hana nenoai ua manao like kekahi o ka loa nui Pahuhopu o ka lahui' epekema. Mai na 90s ke ao i pili i ka fundamentally hou ana - i ka pono e hoʻokō i ka hou kūpono 'ana ma luna o ka muli o Lūkini iee?. Ka hopena Ua hana "Elbrus" - unu lawelawe, i loko o kona Me ka mana mea i emi iki mahope o ia ka maikaʻi loa nā ana hoʻohālike.

Mōʻaukala o ka hanaia'na

Currently, wale i kekahi mau aina a puni ka honua i ke hoʻololi i kamepiula 'ē aʻe me ka iee? O kona mau manao - i loko o ka United States, Pelekane, Japan a me China. Ka mea, ua maopopo i loko o ka maluhia a me ka hoouku hakahaka kekahi pono Rusia i ka unu lawelawe i mea lawa paha kana e halawai pu me ka pono o ka puali koa, kānāwai mākaʻi keʻena ma lalo nei, hooponopono a me ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana. A hiki - a me ka commercialization o ka huahana. Ma hope o makahiki oʻeleu hana o nā kānakaʻepekema a me nā kānakaʻenehana o ka Moscow Center hunaahi-Technology (MCST) mea i hilahila i ka haawi aku i ka hope kūpono 'ana o ka 2014-15 makahiki:ʻewalu-unu lawelawe "Elbrus 8c". Akā, ma mua i Ewa, kekahi hanana i, ua hele i ka lōʻihi ala o kaʻimi naʻauao helu a me ka mea hiki noiʻi.

Ma USSR poʻokela nui i loko o ka ulu ana o ka 'enehana kamepiula mākou i kālaiʻike hana S. A. Lebedeva. Ka hui alakai e ia ma ka Academy o Sciences o ka Institute o waho e neʻe Mechanics a me'ē Technology (ITM a me HI) i hanaia ma ka lolouila Me machines (kamepiula 'ē aʻe) umikumamalima Ke Ana Hoʻohālike - mai ka Tube mua i kiʻekiʻe-holo machines noniakahi huakai kaapuni.

"Elbrus-1"

I ka manaʻo o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone laina, a laila hookomo i loko o ka Lūkini unu lawelawe "Elbrus", i hānauʻia ma ka makahiki 1969. Ke kumu no ka hooulu ana i ka pono "intellectualization" o KUMUMANAʻO NUI nenoai. Lilo ka luna akamai ia makou Burtsev, he poʻokela akamai ma ka kamepiula 'epekema, hope academician.

I ka 1979, i na poe ma ka hanauna mua o ka multiprocessor Me eiiieaena "Elbrus" (IAC) ITM a me ka moku'āina HI aeia. Ka unu lawelawe Ua hoʻololi i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka TTL-kūpili. Ka'ōnaehana hoʻohana ma o ka armaments hana.

"Elbrus-2"

i ka lua o ka hanauna o MVK "Elbrus" Ma hope o na makahiki eono, ana i hele ai i ka hōʻike. Ka unu lawelawe, a me ka hou hehee ai waihona ipu, he loa aupuni ulu. I ka'ōnaehana i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ke kiʻekiʻe-mämä holo noniakahi wahi i puhi ai me ka emitter-hui ke kūpili IC-100 moʻo. Auana "Elbrus-2" ma ka desyatiprotsessornoy hoʻonohonohoʻia, he 125 Mill. Per lua.

ERM Ua kūkuluʻia i loko o ka māhele pahaohao mai la me ka mahuahua pono. Mahalo i ka māmā a me ka resiliency o ka luna 'o ia no na makahiki i loko o ka ki iauaeoia o KUMUMANAʻO NUI nenoai. Kū hoʻokahi no kona manawa ano loaʻa ERM manaʻo a me ka ulu ana o ka helu o ka holomua manaʻo i loko o ka hoʻolālā o ka computational kaʻina.

"Elbrus-3"

I kekahi kahua (1986-1994) ua ka hanaia'na o ke kolu o ka hanauna o MVK "Elbrus". Ka unu lawelawe Ua manawa i oi mana lolouila eiiiiiaiou - oi hemolele. Project manakia i waeʻia e like hoa o ka Academy o Sciences B. A. Babayana. Ma ke ala,ʻo ia i ke kumu kahua o nā haʻawina a hiki i ka hooulu ana o MVK "Elbrus-1" a me "Elbrus-2".

Ke kālailaiʻana i nā pono a me nā keakea o ia e hoʻomōhala ana i ka superscalar kuhikuhipuʻuone hoʻokō i loko o ka lua o ka hanauna o ka ERM, Boris Artashesovich i manaoia he oi holomua hoʻokō 'ana o ka manaʻo o kekahi akea aʻo hua'ōlelo. Ma mua o ka'opi o ka Union o ka poe akamai i kauoha aku e hōʻuluʻulu i ka prototype akā, hoʻolako 'ia o like me ka hou Aupuni ahulau.

Contemporary

Ka mau nō lā hoʻi o kēia papahana laina ua pili i na hana o ZAO MCST. Ma kona 'ole, ka mea e alakai ana ia wahi lulu mikroelektronschiki ana kumu kumu pili ma ka hoʻohana' ana i ka 'enehana iee?, Hoʻomaka e ho okumu ana i nā moʻo o iee? Ii? A kamepiula nenoai ka nānā' ana ma luna o ia mau mea. Mau hana i laila kōkua e hana i kekahi mana Lūkini unu lawelawe "Elbrus" 2014 kala.

Project kumu no ka hopena ua mua i ka hamama kuhikuhipuʻuone Scalable unu lawelawe kuhikuhipuʻuone (SPARC), ke hoakaka ma Sun Microsystems. Nā unu lawelawe «R» ohana i ua hana me ka nānā 'ana ma laila.

Ke kumu o ka lua o ka puke i ka palapala kuhikuhipuʻuone o "Elbrus", ulu na kumu i i, ua apono ia, a waiho iho la i loko o ka IAC-3 (mua ka mea i kapaia o "kuhikuhipuʻuone E2k»). Aia i hana eha walaʻauʻanaʻano o nā unu lawelawe. Ke'ī mai, ka "Elbrus" (CPU): e like me ka Ke Ana Hoʻohālike ua hāʻawiʻia i loko o ka papaʻaina ma lalo nei.

"ELBRUS-4c"

Kekahi o ka hope holomua kūpono 'ana o ka poʻe i ka MCST unu lawelawe "Elbrus-4c." Kona kuhikuhipuʻuone ua ma muli o ka palapala manao, a ua malama i ke kumu no ka microarchitecture VLIW. No ka ho omaulia keʻano o ka hanaʻana kuleana 4 Kora naʻEsau 800 MHz, ahu hoʻokoe hoomanao 2 MB ma kēlā me kāna mau 'ōlelo.

I loko nō o ka nohoaliʻi archaism i hua'ōlelo o? Iecaianoaaiiuo enehana (nui, liʻiliʻi alapine (frequency), kaʻina 'ike loea "o ka hope kenekulia" 65 HI), he lolouila lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻokōʻana mea like me Intel moʻo "I". Me ka emi mana hokii (45W) kona hana mea i ka 50 Gflops. No ka nane hea, ka mea mua ho ka Intel Kora i7-975 lōʻihi Edition i ka 'auhau o ka 53 Gflops i mea kiekie nä alapine a me ka mana hokii. Kēia kēia Russian unu lawelawe "Elbrus" 2014 kükohu o ka makahiki i i ho'āʻo, a hele mai i loko o ka moʻo.

"Elbrus-8C"

Pēlā ka manaʻo i ka manawa o ka evolution ua ma, ka mea, ua i ka huli ana o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Hopu no ka lulu popilikia microelectronics. ZAO "MCST" pu me ka Institute o Electronic Na Makuahine Machines ua ulu, a hua mai la i ka hou hanauna o ka 'enekinia, huahana manao. No ka hanalima? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka hoomakaukau ana i unu lawelawe "Elbrus 8c" hana ma 28-nanometer kaʻina hana 'ike loea.

I ka mea e hana ma ka tandem me ka eiioeieeae, a me ka aina? Acaeoey KPI-2. ʻOiai ka eiioeieeae a hookuu ma 65 HI kaʻina enehana, ka mea Kākoʻo ekolu Gigabit Ethernet ulana pukapuka, eiioeieeae, 20 laina PCI-Express kaʻa 'ohua 2.0, ewalu 2.0 o USB-awa,ʻewalu SATA-awa. Palapala me ka unu lawelawe He 16 GB / mau.

oaoieei-ano

Hookah hoike mai i ka papa kuhikuhi ano o "Elbrus" hou kahua:

• Unu lawelawe - 8 Kora naʻEsau me gipertredinga.
• He aniani nui - 350 mm o ^2.
• Lua-ilikai ahu hoʻokoe no kēlā me kāna mau 'ōlelo - 512 kV.
• kolu-ilikai ahu hoʻokoe mea, he pono ole - 16 MB.
• Hooko no kalapona - 30 hana.
• Uaki alapine (frequency) - 1,3 GHz, ka wā i kēia mau mea kiko'î i ua hoʻohiki uninterrupted hana o nā mea a pau nukelea kona palena manawa, a hiki ina hoʻokahi haneri pakeneka haawe ana.
• Auana (TFX) - 250 Gflops.
• Mana - 60-90 watts.
• Laikini kuokoa mai Intel, oiai kaulike kākoʻo no ka nui pae'ōnaehana nenoai me ka x86 / x86-64 kuhikuhipuʻuone.

E like me 'oe ke ike, i ka Lūkini unu lawelawe "Elbrus" ka hope hanauna o ka mai a hiki i Elima oʻu hahau hou hoʻomāhuahua ai ma mua o ka 4C kŘkohu.

kuhikuhipuʻuone

Like nui ka hopena o ka ahakanaka ZAO MCST hoʻomohala i ka palapala kuhikuhipuʻuone o ke iee? "Elbrus". Ka unu lawelawe Ua pahuna ma maximizing Lako kumu waiwai no ka hana ana metricsʻikepili. I ka nui Mea Maluna mea e pili ana i ka waeʻano o kuhikuhipuʻuone, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka loina o ke akea aʻo hua'ōlelo VLIW (nui loa Instruction Word), ka compiler paha ke no ia laua hooko kaʻina o nā pūʻulu (akea ke aʻo hua'ōlelo), ma i loaʻa nā ole mau panalaau ma waena o nâ hui i loko o ka pae a me ka minimized kaukaʻi ma waena o nâ hui i loko o kekahi pūʻulu.

Penei, Lūkini unu lawelawe "Elbrus" lahui hoʻohana parallelism ma ke kiʻekiʻe o nā hana mea i loaʻa i loko o ka polokalamu kuhi. I ka hopena o ka nui kuhikuhipuʻuone māmā holo ma ke kala o ka parallelization i hoʻomākaukauʻia oihana hoʻomaopop 'ana i superscalar architectures, a hoolilo ia optimizing compiler. Kēia Ua alakaʻi, a me kekahi mau hiʻona hoʻomaopop 'ana i "Elbrus" kuhikuhipuʻuone - haʻahaʻa mana hokii, na manao ona.

A me ka hoʻokō 'ana o ka parallelism i loko o ka kuhikuhipuʻuone o hana "Elbrus" lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe waiho hoʻokō i nāʻano (pae) o ka parallelism hoʻomaopop' ana i loko o ka Me kaʻina hana:

• concurrency pilikia ma multicomputer pono;
• Concurrency hooponopono kahe ana ma ka kaʻana hoomanao ana;
• maʻi lele parallelism.

Hana maʻalahi me ka x86 kuhikuhipuʻuone

E like me ke kumu koi 'ma ka kuhikuhipuʻuone, haku polokalamu initially noonoo ka hoʻolako' efficient aeaie hoʻokaulike me ka Hoʻohaku Intel x86 iee? Kuhikuhipuʻuone. Ua Ua hoʻokō ma luna o ke kumu o ka huna hōʻeuʻeu unuhi a me kona kākoʻo lako a iee? "Elbrus". Ua hoi e hoʻoholo i ka waiwai o ka mea hou wahi lulu kuhikuhipuʻuone o ka hooulu ana o ka lako e kākoʻo ai Me (iaaiey Module), me ka nui loa kōkua ai i nā ka hana o programmers, e ho okumu i nui lako polokalamu nenoai me kaupalena lā palena pau.

e pili ana

Where ka mea, ua? Oaony e hoʻohana Lūkini nā unu lawelawe? E hoʻomaopopo i ka papahana i kēia huahana me ka hookahi manao - e i ka pakiko-lawa, kuokoa o ka lako a me ka laikini 'o microelectronics a me ka' enehana kamepiula. Kamepiula 'ē aʻe ma luna o ka "Elbrus" unu lawelawe me ka pae kiʻekiʻe o ka palekana a me ka palekana mai ka kamepiula nā mea hoʻomaʻi i koi ia ma ka hoomalu ana i hana, i loko o ka maluhia lawelawe, nui moku'āina kulanui.

Ia manawa, i ka'ōnaehana e leie aku ka mau Windows a me Linux, a wehe i ke ala, ināʻaʻole i ka awelika consumer, i ka hui kālepa kaiaulu. MCST e kaumaha ana i ka hoomaluia kamepiula 'ē aʻe, a mau kikowaena, hiki ke hoʻohana i ka hoʻohalahala hana kūpono.