Francesco Petrarca: Kawaihae, ki nā lā a me nā hanana,ʻike hoʻokumu

Ka a pau ao nei i ike i ka nui Ikalia sonnets. Francesco Petrarca, kā lākou mea kākau, he nani Italian haku mele a me ka humanist o ka XIV ke kenekulia, ua kaulana ma na makahiki a me kā lākouʻike hoʻokumu. O ia ka leo no ia, a e e kūkākūkā i loko o kēia 'atikala. Mākou kamailio e pili ana i ke ola,ʻike hoʻokumu a me ke aloha moʻolelo o Petrarch.

Francesco Petrarca: Kawaihae

Aina hanau o ka haku mele nui ma Arezzo (Italy) i ka 1304, ma Iulai 20. Kona makua kāne - Pietro di Aloha Ser Parenzo Petrakko inoa kapakapa, ua he Florentine notary. Eia naʻe, mai Florence, la oia i kipaku mua o ka hanau ana o kana keiki, no ka mea, o ka aoao kākoʻo i ka "keʻokeʻo". Ke oia i na hoopai ana i ka ino ma Dante. Eia naʻe Arezzo hele ohana Petrarca i ole i pau ai. Nā mākua o ka haku meleʻauwana i loko o nā kūlanakauhale o Tuscany, i ole i hoʻoholo i ka hele i Avignon. Ma ka manawa Francesco ua eiwa makahiki makahiki.

aʻo

Ma Farani, i loko o kēlā mau makahiki ia i ke kula, i loko o kekahi o ia mau mea, a hana Francesco Petrarca. Kawaihae o ka haku mele hooiaio ia i kona haʻawina, oia ke kahu moku Roma , a loaa he aloha o Roma moʻokalaleo. Petrarch kona puka 'o ia i ka 1319, a ma ka manaʻo koʻikoʻi o kona makua kāne i i ke ao o ke kānāwai. E hana i kēia, hele aku la ia i Montpellier, a laila, i loko o ke Kulanui o Bologna, kahi āna i noho ai a hiki i 1326 - i ka manawa i make ai kona makuakane. Naʻe, i ke kānāwai 'aʻole e hoihoi Francesco. He unuhi ae la i ka pono okoa wahi - Classic moʻokalaleo.

A ua noho mai ke kulanui, i ka wā e hiki mai haku mele, aole i mua, e hele i ka poe kakaolelo aʻu i hele aku i nā kāhuna. Kēia ka ukuia i ka nele o nā kālā - he hoʻoilina ia mai kona makua kāne, ua loaa i ka moʻolelo i kākau lima hana o Virgil.

papal hale ma

Francesco Petrarca (Kawaihae ana i ua hōʻikeʻaneʻi) kikiʻo i loko o ka pā hale Avignon Pope, a loaa hooliloia. Here hoʻokokoke mai ia me ka mana Colonna ohana i ke aloha i ke kulanui aloha a me kekahi o kona mau lala Giacomo.

I ka 1327 Petrarch mua i ike ai i kona wā e hiki mai haku wahine Laura, a e lilo kona kukakuka iho no ke ola. Manaʻo no ke kaikamahine lilo kekahi o ka nui o nā kumu no ka wehe 'ana o ka haku mele i loko o Vaucluse Avignon.

Petrarch ua noʻonoʻo i ka mea mua, ka poe i pii aku i ka piko o Mont Ventoux. Ke alapiʻi i wahi April 26, 1336. I ka hele anaʻo ia i hana mai ai me kona kaikaina.

Ka palapala, ai kaulana a me ka patronage o ka ohana o Colonna Petrarch kōkua i loaʻa ka hale i loko o ke awāwa o ka Sorgue muliwai. Eia ka haku mele noho no ka huina o 16 makahiki.

Pohon lei

Ia manawa, hoomaikai aku la i kana mau palapala, ai 'hana (pakahi aku la ia noteworthy sonnets) Francesco Petrarch lilo kaulana. Ma keia manao, ia i kono, e lawe i ka Pohon lei (i ka lani kiekie loa ia nā kumu kāki no ka haku mele) mai Napela, Paris a me ka Roma. I ka haku mele, ua wae mai Rome, a ma ka 1341 i kau ma luna o ke Kapikala.

Ma hope iho ua Francesco i noho ai ma kahi o ka makahiki ma ke alo o Parma hoʻomäinoino Atstso Correggio, a laila, hoʻi maila ia Vaucluse. A pau i kēia manawa i ka haku mele moe e pili ana i ka hou ana o ke kahiko nui o ka Roma, no laila, hoomaka ae la oia e hai aku i ke kipi ana o ka Roma Repubalika. Oia kālai'āina wale i hōkaiʻia i kona aloha a me ka panalaau ia, a alakai ai i ka relocation i Italia.

New Pope hala a VI

Francesco Petrarca ke ola, mai ka manawa mai o ka hanau ana, a aneane a ua piha ka hele ana a me ka hele ana o kona make ana. Pela, i ka 1344 a me ka 1347 makahiki. ka haku mele i ka lōʻihi a kipa aku iā Italy, a lawe mai la ia ia i ka puu o ka hoalauna, ka hapanui o ka a pau i loko o aloha. I waena o kēia mau Italian hoa huli ae au, a Boccaccio.

I ka 1353, ua haʻakoiʻia i ka haʻalele Vaucluse Franchesko Petrarka. Books o ka haku mele Virgil a me kuko ulu nō keʻano noho lakou malaila ka manaʻo o ka mea hou Pope hala a VI.

Aka hoi, i ka 'Oihana o Petrarch Florence, e kaumaha aku ai, mai i ka haku mele, nae, hoole. koho He e hele i Milana, kahi ana i kona wahi ma ke alo o ka Visconti, ae hana i na kalaiaina poe mikanele. Iloko o keia manawa kipa aku la ia a hiki Charles IV ma Palaka.

o ka haku mele o ka make

1361 Ua kaha maha e Petrarch ka ho'āʻo e hoʻi i Avignon, a ua hoʻokuʻikahi. A laila, i ka haku mele haʻalele Milan, a ma ka 1362, ua noho ia ma Venice. Here noho i kona illegitimate kaikamahine me kona ohana.

Petrarch mai Venice aneane kela makahiki huakaʻi hele ana i Italia, e hele. Na makahiki hope o kona olaʻana i ka haku mele noho ma ke alo o Francesco ka Carrara. Petrarch make i loko o ka kauhale Arkva ma ka po o ka 18 a hiki i 19 July 1374. ola i ka haku mele i ka ike i kona 70th lā hānau hoʻokahi lā. Ka mea, loaʻa iā ia i loko o ke kakahiaka. He noho ma ka papaʻaina, kūlou ma luna o ka palapala, e hōʻike ana i ke ola o Kaisara.

periodization o kaʻike hoʻokumu

Ola uncommon a me ka hana hoihoi ola Francesco Petrarca (Kawaihae o ka haku mele i 'ae mai e hōʻoia i kēia). 'Aʻole i pau ka poe noonoo ole, a me kaʻike hoʻokumu o ka mea kākau moʻolelo. Pela, i loko o ka palapala, ai 'hana o Petrarch e māheleʻia i loko o nā māhele: heʻano o nā hana ma Roma, a Italian poetry. Lakina hana i ka nui mōʻaukala manaʻo nui, oiai na poem ma Italia i honua-kaulana kākau moʻolelo.

ʻOiai ka haku mele i kona mau poem like me ka nonsense a me trifles, i i ole palapala no ka puke, akā, wale i mea e kōkua ai i ka haku mele ka naau. Paha ia mea ke kumu o ka hohonu, me ka manaʻo maikaʻi a me ka immediacy o sonnets o ka Italia mea kākau i kekahi, alahula mau hopena,ʻaʻole wale nō ma luna o kona mau wā, akā, kekahi ma hope hanauna.

Petrarch a Laura

Ma ke aloha o ka wa e ola ana Petrarch a hooeueu ae la i aku la ia ia, e hana i kekahi kukakuka nui uaʻike i nā mea a pau aloha o ka poetry. Eia naʻe, 'ike e pili ana ia mea,ʻaʻole loa nui.

Ua ua ike ia i ka mua manawa ike aku la oia i kekahi kaikamahine April 6, 1327 ma ka ekalesia o Santa Chiara. Laura i laila, 20 o kona mau makahiki, a no ia mea, 23 makahiki.

Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole nō he mōʻaukala hoike e pili ana paha ka mea, he kama'āina me, ina paha i ke kaikamahine pane ma ka ano i ka mea kākau moʻolelo, ka mea i kona ola a pau mālama i loko o koʻu naʻau, a me ka manao malamalama kiʻi gula-piʻipiʻi lei. Aka hoi, Petrarch a me Laura, a hiki ina kā lākou mau naʻau, ua ae, hiki ole e pu, e like me ka mea haku mele i ua pili ecclesiastical kiʻekiʻe. A ekalesia lawehana e ole i ka pono, e mare, a i na keiki.

No kona halawai mua makahiki ekolu Francesco ola ana i loko o Avignon, e mele ana, i kona aloha no Laura. I ka Ia manawaʻo ia i ho'āʻo ai i ike ia ma ka ekalesia, a ma nā wahi a pau āna i IeAUPIIe, IAa IO hele. Mai poina i Laura i kekahi ohana, ke kāne a me nā keiki. Eia naʻe, ua mau ka noho ana i loko o ole ala mai hoʻopilikia i ka haku mele, no ka anela punahele ike aku ai i loko o ke kino.

Ka hope ke anaina kanaka, a me ka make ana o Laura

E like me ka olelo o ka moʻokalaleo, Petrarch i hope ike ia e kona mau mea i aloha ai 27 September 1347. A me eono mahina ma hope, ma April 1348, make iho la tragically he wahine. Ke kumu o kona make ana i koe IKE OLE IA. Petrarch i i makemake e hele mai i ka olelo me ka make ana o kana mea i aloha ai, a me ka nui poem palapala ma hope o ka make ana o Laura pinepine kakau ia ia e like me ke ola.

A ohi no sonnets hoʻolaʻa i kona "Kantsonere" Petrarch i nā'āpanaʻelua: ". Make ana o Laura" "e ola" a me ka

Ma mua o kona make ana i ka haku mele kākau ai i loko o koʻu ola makemake elua wale na mea - Laura a me Laura, i mea o ka nani a me ka aloha. A ina kaulana io na la, i kona wa e ola ana, i ka mea, manaʻo nō hoʻi e loaʻa ke aloha ma hope o ka make, i hiki ke hoʻohui me Laura ka wa pau ole.

Helehelena o kaʻike hoʻokumu a me ka paio uhane

He He ohi o "Kantsonere" ka wahi a me kūlana o ka haku mele i loko o ka Italia a me ka honua moʻokalaleo. Petrarch, kona poem he ka maoli loaʻa o kona manawa, mua i hana i ke akamai palapala no ka Italia lyrical hana - poetry mea kākau no ka manawa mua i ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka ma loko manaʻo. Ka ukupanee o ka pahale ola i ke kumu o nā mea a pauʻike hoʻokumu Petrarch a me ka manamana nui humanistic kona manao.

Mau hana nā mau autobiographies a me Petrarch. Mua, paʻa hapa, i ka'ōlelo i nā mamo ano, a hai i ka mawaho o ka mea kākau o ka ola. ʻO ka lua, me ke ano o keʻano o ma waena o Petrarch a me St. Augustine, wehewehe i ka loko o ke ola, a me ka pono paio i loko o ka haku mele o ka uhane.

Ke kumu o keia kaua o ka paio ma waena o ka ascetic pono ana o ka Ekalesia, a me ka pilikino makemake o Petrarch. E kū'ē i kēia kāʻei kua maopopo hoihoi i loko o ka haku mele i ka pono nīnūnē, noonoo ma luna o ka mea āna i hoʻohala ai i ka eha hola: .. "Ma ka monastic wa kaawale", "Ma ka mehameha ola," a pela aku naʻe, i loko o ka hoopaapaa me Augustine, e paku ana ascetic-haipule kālaiʻike, Huipû humanistic Petrarch ka nānaina o ko ke ao nei.

Me ka ekalesia

He ua imi e hoʻokuʻikahi i ke ao ana o ka ekalesia me ka panina moʻokalaleo Petrarch. Poetry, o ka papa, i mea e hana ai me ka hoʻomana a me asceticism, aka hoi e hoʻokele i ka haku mele, e noho i ka Hui. Keia ua hookupaa iho la ia ma ka helu o ke hoonoho, a me ka palapala me ka hoa. Eia hou kekahi, Petrarch ikaika kū'ē i nā scholastics a me na clergy o kona manawa.

No ka laʻana, "palapala me ka helu wahi" piha me satirical a me ka loaʻoi ho'āhewa wale aku i ka ino noho pono o ka papal kulanakauhale alii. Kēia hana ninoieo o 4'āpana, kakau i kekahi mau kanaka - nā maoli a me ka fictional.

noʻonoʻo loi

Francesco Petrarca, kona hana ua loa like, noho pilikia o nā ka ekalesia Contemporary a me na kahiko moʻokalaleo. Kēia kahua paipai i ka haku mele i kokua ulu ka hoʻoponopono-contemplation. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ia mau hana, kahi i hoike mai i ka like pili ana i ke ao nei, i ka i kēia: 'ana aku i ke kahuna lapaau, ka mea i' epekema ma luna o ka eloquence a me ka poetry; hana ku ei ka prelate, nāna i wānana i ka hoi ana mai o ka Pope hoʻokiwikā V ma Roma; hana aku i kekahi prelate, nāna i hao i ka mea hana o Petrarch.

Noʻonoʻo loi haku mele pili me ka pono pilikia, a ua hoi i loaʻa i loko o kona mōʻaukala palapala. No ka laʻana, ma De rebus memorandis libri IV - ohi ana o Ka Honua Nei (nā moʻolelo) a me ka hoike ana i ua aie mai he Roma, a kēia kākau. i hoʻonohonoho i keia mau olelo e like me ka pono poʻomanaʻo, i pau, no kekahi laʻana, inoa me neia: "O ka naʻauao," "Ma ke kuleana hūnā 'ike", "On Faith" a pela aku.

Kumu nui no ka biographer o Petrarch mai, alahula mau palapala o ka haku mele. He nui o kēia mau palapala a pau, ma ka mea, o ka hoonoho aku ma luna kālai'āina a me ka noho pono, na mea e ae e like journalistic 'atikala. Loa emi nui nō ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka olelo, a hāʻawi aʻela iā ia ma ia wahi hang.

"Canzoniere" ( "Book o Songs")

E like me ka mea haku mele Francesco Petrarch i kaulana i ke aloha i kona ohi ana i "Canzoniere", a ua kau aʻela ma luna. Ka puke i hoolaa ai i ka haku mele ka aloha no Laura i. Ke ohi ka loaʻa o ka huina o 350 sonnets, o ka i 317 pili i ka hapa o ka "Ma ke ola a me ka make ana o Madonna Laura." No nā makahiki he kanahā, Petrarch sonnets hoʻolaʻa ai i kana mea i aloha ai.

I kona lyrical hana o Francesco mahalo lani ka pololei a me ka angelic nānā aku o Laura. He ka haku mele o kilohana a me ka inaccessible maikaʻi. Kona uhane, ua like me ka huali hoku. Me nā mea a pau i kēia Petrarca hooponopono iho i e wehewehe Laura like me ka wahine maoli,ʻaʻole wale me he maikaʻi kiʻi.

No kona au Franchesko Petrarka i ka mea mua, ka poe i hoomaka ai e memele aku i ka nani a me ka nani o ke kanaka, uku maliu ole wale ma helehelena akā, no hoi ma pilikino ano. Eia hou, i ka haku mele o kekahi o na Mamua o ka humanism like me ka maʻiʻo i hanaia a me ka aoao o ka manaʻo. Prior nō Petrarch medieval mele i nā hiʻona wale o ka uhane, kapu Akua a me ka lani, a me ke kanaka mea imperfect a me ka pono kauwa o ke Akua.