Gunn: e hana ana i rula a me ka palapala noi

Gunn diode - he mea uholo uila, i mea hiki ia e hana i loko o ka hanauna o ka oscillations ma kekahi mau alapine. Ka mea uilaʻoe hale kūʻai kuaiʻano. I ke kumukuai o 'ana i kumumanaʻo o ia ka mea, oko ma ka nui. I ka papa kuhikuhiE kiko'î o ka hoʻololi 'ana pili conduction o ka papa, anakahi uila, alapine (frequency) a me kā mākou e kū'ē'ē mai.

Gunn diode mea like i kaʻike mau mea uholo uila. Maʻamau kükohu ninoieo o ka lahilahi, ahu iho arsenide. Nō hoʻi i loko o ka mea i kekahi kūikawā gallium ka Poakolu a me ka hui 'ana. Ma lalo o arsenide, ahu iho ke aupuni 'dopants a me nā uila aʻa lolo. Gunn diode manufacturing 'ike loea hou ma kekahi mau poʻe hiki ke ĸokoĸa ana nä pane.

Pehea 'aʻole ia hana?

E like me ka olelo mua, loaʻa nō nāʻano o nā diodes. I ka rula o ka hana o ka mea i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka loli o ke oscillation. Kēia ia lŘlŘ ma muli o ka loli ma ka alapine (frequency) o ka huakai kaapuni. Initially ke anakahi uila noi i ka maʻi, ma ka mea e inu nei arsenide, ahu iho. Next, e hoʻohana 'ia' ana nā uila aʻa lolo. Ka ikaika o kaʻume mākenēki kula, piʻi pū. 'ōnohi hui 'ana i loko o ka'ōnaehana e pono e hoonui i ka e kū'ē'ē mai. Ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomakaʻia nā oscillations ua lawe mai i loko o ka dopant. Mahuahua ka saturation māmā holo ma keia hihia hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka conductivity o na nā uila aʻa lolo.

Noi Gunn diodes

Diodes i hoʻohana nui i loko o kekahi alapine (frequency) nā mīkini uila. I ke kumukuai o 'ana i kumumanaʻo o ia ka mea, i pinepine hoʻouka kekahi ma ka eiioeieeae. Akā, ka mea hiki ke loaʻa i loko o transformers. Eia naʻe, no ka mea, he manaʻo nō,ʻaʻole e pono no nā ano o ka hoʻololi 'ana. I mea e maopopo i ka nui au mamuli o keia, mea, mea pono e noonoo i nāʻano o nā diodes.

'ano o ka hoʻololi' ana

I ka lā, līkaia neo? Aaiiai? A unpackaged manaʻo. Ka mea, oko i hua'ōlelo o ka conductivity, e like me lakou e malu ai. I ke kumukuai o 'ana i kumumanaʻo mea i ke kaawale ana o ka hoʻololi' ana lawe mai ma luna o ka lōʻihi. Aia diodes 20, 50 a me 100 microns.

pūʻolo helu LEDs

Hauna o mea uholo uila Gunn diode (Hawaii photo ma lalo nei) mea pono no nā mīkini uila o kekahi alapine (frequency). Inā manaʻo 'oe i ka poe akamai, i ka hoʻololi' ana i maikai conductivity. Ai pili aku i na mea maalea hiki ke hana Via ihe modulators. Gunn diode Ioi 'enehana ma nā nā hale hana e ĸokoĸa ana nä pane. Ma kekahi mau hihia, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka moana adapters.

I ke kumukuai o 'ana i kumumanaʻo mea i ka hale noho diodes i maikai maluhia. Aiao ke hoʻohana humidity mai o ia mea o ka hola 55%. Ka palena iki ana wela o ka -30 degere. Ke Ana Hoʻohālike i kekahi pono hoʻomākaukau no ka condenser transformers. kiʻekiʻe ka mämä holo ua loaʻa ma muli o ia na nā uila aʻa lolo o diodes ae nei.

Lavinnoproletnye unpackaged manaʻo

Lavinnoproletnye unpackaged Gunn diodes i hoʻohana IeAUPIIe, IAa IO no ka luna. conductivity aiao i loko o nā ana hoʻohālike e hoʻomaka mai 30 microns. Kēia i nā kiʻekiʻe kōmi nā uila aʻa lolo. Inā kekahi pūkaʻina Gunn diode mākou noonoo, i manao ia mea i 'ano like me ka laina mea uholo uila. A hiki i ka anakahi uila o 12 V overload anakahi o nā Ke Ana Hoʻohālike mea like i ole e emi malalo o 55 A.

Naʻe, i loko o keia hihia, he nui hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka nui nā loli. Ua mea i pono, e noonoo i ke 'ano o ka pākali hoʻolele, a ua hoʻohana' ia e hoʻohui i ka eiioeieeae. Ma na hihia a pau, me ka manao maalea ke e pili ana i kekahi kanaka hoʻouna. Ma keia kulana, he ia'ku no ma kahi o 2 ohms. saturation uku hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka helu ana o dopants. Ua mea waiwai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka hoʻololi' ana i ole e pono no ka ole-E leka pepa i ka eiioeieeae. Ka papa kuhikuhiE pilikia 'aneʻi moe i loko o ka haʻahaʻa saturation kōmi.

Na manao ona 20 microns

Loa hanohano o ka Gunn diode. Na ke hoʻohana rula no ka mea, ua kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka hanauna o oscillations. Nā ana hoʻohālike e nui no ka eiioeieeae o ka holo type. Ua mea i ke kumukuai o uaʻike nō ia i ka hoʻololi 'ana i ka pono io ia'ku i haʻahaʻa ka wela poho. Naʻe, ka mea, i kekahi drawbacks.

Mua o nā mea a pau, loea, e hoailona oukou a hiki ilalo lilo overload anakahi uila o 10 V. Ma nā Ke Ana Hoʻohālike mea ole ka mea maikaʻi loa ka hoomalu ana. Ke hoʻohana Humidity diodes 20 microns o 40%. Dopants ma keia hihia lohi pāʻani aku me ka cathode. nā uila aʻa lolo kōmi hilinaʻi nui ole wale ma luna o ka conductivity, akā, no hoi e kū'ē'ē mai.

Ka hoʻololi 'ana i 50 microns

Gunn diode (50 microns inoa i hōʻike mai ma luna o ka hihia) ua ae e pili ana no ka mana nā mīkini uila. Ai pili aku ka hoʻololi 'ana hiki ke lawe mai wale ma ka huina capacitors. Inā ka Gunn diode 3A716I mākou noonoo, ke aiao ana anakahi uila o 15 V. ka mālama kumu hoʻohālike i loko o keia hihia hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ke 'ano o ka laka ia i loko o ka lako a pan. Conductivity awelike ua mālama i puni 40 microns. Kekahi poe akamai i aku nei au ia semiconductors i ole i hoʻouna 'ia ka maikaʻi loa conductivity.

Eia naʻe, e pono ke kūʻai 'ana i kumumanaʻo ana i ke kaʻina hana o ka hanauna o ka oscillations ka loa e hoʻokēʻai ai. Kēia i nā He kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka saturation arsenide. gallium i hoʻolilo 'ia i koeʻeleu a hiki ma kiekie ana wela. Kaawale, ia mea nui, e hoailona oukou i ka hoʻololi 'ana i 50 microns e pono no ke kuhi eiioeieeae. E hoʻohui i ka noi transient ālai '. Ma keia hihia, ke conductivity ua hoakaka ma 45 microns. Ke ia'ku, mai na diodes mea like i kekahi i kā mākou o 2 ohms. Ka mea, ua wae iho maikaʻi ka hoomaluia mai, i ka mämä holo o ka'ūholo uila ua mālama 'ia ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe. Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i na hewa o ia mau 'oihana, ia mea nui, e hoailona oukou i ka mea, i ka uuku saturation holo. He pili kēia i ke alo o nā impurities ma gallium kaiapuni.

hiki no hoi oe e hōʻike 'ia i ka mea i hui' ana i pinepine overheated, oscillation hanauna kaʻina hana hiki e loa lohi. malumalu kānana hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia a hooku iho la. Ma ka wahi mua e hoomahuahua i ka io e kū'ē'ē mai. ka mea, he poe no hoi i ka maikai ole ma ka conductivity o na nā uila aʻa lolo.

Haʻalele i na mea maalea 100 microns

Mawaena o ka paʻa Ke Ana Hoʻohālike pinepine loaʻa ka Gunn diode. Na ke hoʻohana rula o ka hoʻololi 'ia ua kūkuluʻia ma luna o ka loli o ke oscillation. No keia mea, me ka haʻahaʻa, ahu iho ua ho'ā 'arsenide. Inā heʻike mau Gunn diode mākou noonoo, ia mea he manao like i ka laina mea uholo uila. 'ōnohi hui 'ana hana like conductors.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka hoʻololi' ana, e pono ke kūʻai 'ana i kumumanaʻo i na diodes 100 microns pono hoʻomākaukau no ka kuhi luna. e hiki ke hana i ke anakahi uila o 13 V. I kēia manawa lākou,ʻaʻole he overcurrent anakahi e haule iho ma lalo 40 A. ka hopena maikaʻi ia'ku o ka'ōnaehana hilinaʻi nui wale ma luna o ka uku o ka hanauna o ka kuekueni. I ke kumukuai o 'ana i kumumanaʻo mea i na diodes 100 microns e pinepine hoʻohana e kipaku aku i ka eiioeieeae.

Ka hoʻololi 'ana o ka mīkini hana wāwahie i 10 GHz

Mīkini hana wāwahie 10 GHz i kupono diodes Hoopaa iho la. Ma keia hoʻololi 'lōʻihi, aole ia i mea. Iki hoʻohui i ka mea ma ka maʻamau hoʻololi mea pihana. I kupono ke kahua analogs ma i ke kiʻekiʻe cia o ka io e kū'ē'ē mai. Ka hoʻololi 'ana o ka mīkini hana wāwahie i 10 GHz pono e hoʻohana i ke anakahi uila o ole e emi malalo o 10 W.

I ke kumukuai o 'ana i kumumanaʻo mea i hiki ole oe hoʻohui ma ka hooponopono hou ana o kaʻike mau ua hoʻouwea contactor. Ma ka wahi mua e ho'ēmi i kā ka conductivity o ka noonoo o kanaka. Ua emi ka māmā holo o ka'ūholo uila. 'ōnohi contactors i pono no keia hana mana ai. Ka mea, i loa ole ia ma luna o ka wela hoolilo kaʻi lau waiwai. Ma awelika, me ka hopena maikaʻi ia'ku ua mālama 'ia ma ka 4 ohms.

mīkini hana wāwahie lima kūlana kiʻekiʻe i 15 GHz

Ma lalo o nā nā mīkini uila 15 GHz e ae e hoʻohana wale nō, haʻalele akula diodes. E like me ka rula, o ka pili ana o Via ke hooluolu mai ia wale nō capacitors me ka conductivity o 4 microns. Ma kekahi mau hihia, o ka pono o kaʻike mau contactors. Naʻe, ka mea e hana i kekahi anakahi uila o 10 V me ka palekana i nā mea a pau nā mīkini uila maʻamau. 'ōnohi hui 'diodes i hauʻoli nani koke. Poe akamai i kekahi kuhikuhi ana i ka mämä holo kiʻekiʻe o ka'ūholo uila. He pili kēia i ke conductivity kiʻekiʻe. māmā holo saturation ana hooponopono ana i hūlili. Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i na keakea, ia mea e pono ke lawe i ka mooolelo o ka haʻahaʻa paepae pae'ōnaehana mahana. Ana Ambient humidity mea ma ka 55%.

, Ahu iho kauoha hoʻololi 'hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mämä holo o ke kaʻina hana o ka hoʻomakaʻia oscillations. Ma kekahi hihia, ua pili diodes ma hamama transistors. Ma keia hihia, i ka hei Kānana hoʻohana ma o ka huakai kaapuni. E like me ka hopena, i ka conductivity o ke kali mea like i 40 microns. A hiki i ke anakahi uila mīkini hana wāwahie 12 me na diodes e haawi overload liʻiliʻi 5 A. ka hakumakuma mämä holo loli aʻe nā uila aʻa lolo contactor. No hoi, o ka pilikia e moe ana i loko o ka pākali hoʻolele. Ka hoʻololi 'ana o ka haʻahaʻa conductivity mea e hiki ke malama i ikaika ka lāʻau ikiʻai i loko o ke kahua.

Diodes no nā mīkini uila ma 20 GHz

No nā mīkini uila ma 20 GHz e hoʻohana diodes hamama a paa. Radio nui he kūlana i koho mea pihana Ma keia hihia. E like me ka rula, e hoʻohana 'ia e hoʻololi i ka auoiaea anakahi uila o 30 V. naʻe, ka mea e e ike no ka io e kū'ē'ē mai. nā uila aʻa lolo mämä holo kulu me ka nui loa understating I keia aiao. No hoi, he mau pilikia me ka conductivity a me ka thermal poho.

Overload aiao i loko o nā mīkini uila nui, aole e haule iho ma lalo 5 N. E hana oe i ka hoʻololi 'ana i ka loa pono hoomaluia. A pau keia saturation dopants hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka ia'ku ma ka auoiaea. E hoʻohui ma o ka hūlili hoʻohana a holo adapters. Ma na hihia a pau, transceivers i hoʻohana. Stabilizers i kau aku i ka malama i ka hale lio anakahi uila. Naʻe, ka mea i pono, e hoailona oukou i diodes me ka nui loa o lakou i lilo conductivity hoʻohana 'ana i ka hoʻololiʻana transceivers.

Ke Ana Hoʻohālike no ka hana ana resonators

Hana ana resonators noi aku kokololio oscillations ua loaʻa. Diodes o kēia 'ano e pono hoʻomākaukau no keia mea. Ka wā a hāpai i ka hoʻololi 'ana e pono ai i loko o ka wahi mua e hana ma ana i ka io e kū'ē'ē mai. Nō hoʻi mai hoopoina e pili ana i ka'ōnohi conductivity o ka hui 'ana, mai i ka mämä holo o ka'ūholo uila hilinaʻi nui. E hoomahuahua i ka 'auhau o ka mea ua paipai capacitive transceivers.

Aiao anakahi uila ma keia kulana home 'ole, e hiki i ka palena o ka 30 V. ka diode overload hilinaʻi nui loa ma ka conductivity o ka mea pihana. I ke kumukuai o 'ana i kumumanaʻo mea i ka wā e hoʻouka ka hoʻololi' ana e pono ai e hoʻohana kānana ma ka papa. Mua o nā mea a pau ka mea, ke hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ka gallium 'ia ka hoomalu ana. Lakou no hoi i ka maikaʻi ia ma luna o nā dopants.

Diodes ma ka lāʻau ikiʻai wale resonators

Pakahi aku la ia hoʻomākaukau resonators no ka hoʻololiʻana i nā diodes 20 a me 50 microns. I ka ai pili aku i na mea maalea i hoʻohana kivila mai adapters. Ma kekahi mau hihia, nā mea hoʻopili i hoʻohana. Ka hoʻololi 'ana conductivity hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka saturation ana, a me ka nui o ka io e kū'ē'ē mai. Inā ke kiʻikuhi a hiki i ka holo eiioeieeae mākou noonoo, ka mea, ua like no ke kali anakahi uila ma 40 V. ka mālama pela i mālama 'ia ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe. A keakea o ia i ka'ōnaehana ua kuhi haahaa conductivity ma ka hana ', a me lākou, i ka overload wale 4 A.

saturation kōmi ua mālama 'ia ma ka pae kiʻekiʻe, akā, e loaʻa nui ka wela me keia poho. Inā ka noaia i ka mākou noonoo transistors kahua-hookoia, e hoʻohana i nā kānana elua ma laila. Koke Gunn diode 20 microns mea pono. Ua pono e hoʻouka kekahi no ka mea hoʻopili. Ma keia hihia, ke kali anakahi uila o ka hola 10 V i ka hopena maikaʻi ia'ku o 4 ohms.

Noi manao maalea o ka holo luna

No ka holo luna kupono Gunn diode 100 microns. Ai pili aku ka hoʻololi 'ana haliia mai la mawaho, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO ma transistors. Mau manao maalea i maikai conductivity a me ka hiki ana o ka hana me ka maka aha kānana. Ka mea, i mai makau i ka wela poho, a ua mālama i ke anakahi uila ma 30 V. No Ke Ana Hoʻohālike hoʻolako maikai ka maluhia a me ka kiʻekiʻe māmā holo o na nā uila aʻa lolo. Kekahi poe akamai i kekahi 'Imi hoʻohana i nā diodes ma i puhi ai me comparators, a i pili Via mau adapters. Regulators e pono no na nenoai laina type.

Ke Ana Hoʻohālike no ka alapine (frequency) luna

I mea e hōʻoia pono ana o ka alapine eiioeieeae hiki ke hoʻohana wale Gunn diode, haʻalele akula. Ma keia hooponopono hou ana o ka lōʻihi i e 20 a 50 microns. Ma keia hihia, he nui hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka conductivity o ka eiioeieeae ponoi.

Inā i ke kiʻikuhi o ka mahinaʻai mea pihana mākou noonoo, alaila, he mea he io ia'ku ma ka piko mea like i 4 ohms. A hiki i ke anakahi uila 10 V manaʻo hana stably, a hōʻike mai i ke kiʻekiʻe huina'ine māmā holo. Saturation hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka maluhia hoʻololi hui 'ana. No hoi, i ka wa e pili diodes ia mea nui nō ia e lohe i ka conductivity i loko o ka huakai kaapuni ma waena o nā mawah.

Diodes ma ka latitu luna

No ka latitudinal luna kupono ka hoʻololi 'ana i 50 microns. E hiki anei i hoʻohui i ka mea ma ka transceiver. Eia naʻe, ua koho ka adapters ma nā maʻi. Ma ia ke kulana, nae ka conductivity o 55 microns ma ke anakahi uila o 12 V. By ai pili aku i ka hoʻololi 'mea nui e Loiloi i ka io e kū'ē'ē mai. Kekahi e kālele ana ma luna o ka contactor'ōwili hao. I kā mākou ana overload kaapuni 3 o Nu. Wale mika kānana e hoʻohana i ka hōʻoi 'i ka maluhia o ka hooponopono hou. I ka wā o ka eiioeieeae ua ua hō'ā auaiaea anakahi uila paepae pono i oi aku mamua o 15 V.