Haku mele Taras Shevchenko: Kawaihae o ka haku mele

I ka 2014, Ukraine kaulana i ka 200th lā hoʻomanaʻo o Shevchenko ka lā hānau. I ka haku mele nui a me ka artist ua lilo kekahi o ka aina meʻe o ka aina. Taras Shevchenko, kona Kawaihae ua ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o kēia' atikala, aumeume ana me ka auamo o ka autocracy a me ka serfdom. Ua ua he pilikia ala i ua e hana eha iaʻi i ka hailona. Rejection a me nā loulou - o ka pono hopena o Artists ka poe i makemake ole e waiho mai me ke Aupuni. Ka piha i kaʻana like ia me Taras Shevchenko. Kawaihae no ka mea kaulana Ukrainian haku mele a me ka artist e hoike ana i keia. Oe, e aʻo nui hoihoi 'mea e pili ana ia ma ka heluhelu i kēia' atikala. A me ka oiaio no, eʻae aku i ka mea e ka nui kanaka i ka haku mele Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko. Kawaihae me nā kiʻi paʻi haawi mai oe i ike aweawea aku no ia.

Kumu a me ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi T. G. Shevchenko

I ka wā e hiki mai haku mele a me ka pena i hanau February 25, 1814 ma me. Morintsy Kiev mokuna (e ka Cherkasy māhele 'āina). Kona makua kāne i kekahi serf ka poe i huiiaʻi me ka haku hale P. V. Engelgardtu. Taras makua neʻe i loko me ka 2 makahiki. Kyrylivka. Here ia i lilo i kona wā kamaliʻi i ka wā e hiki mai haku mele a me ka pena. I ka makahiki 1823, make iho la Taras makuwahine, a laila, i ka makua kāne no ka lua o ka manawa i mare. Koho i kana wahine, ua ekolu keiki i loaʻa iā ia. Shevchenko ka makua kāne make i loko o ka makahiki 1825 i kona wa i wale nō 12 makahiki. A lilo iho la i keiki makua Taras Shevchenko. Kona Kawaihae ua hoailono aku i manawa keia na pilikia. i ke keiki, e noho i ka paakiki ola noho. Mea pōmaikaʻi, ke ao nei,ʻaʻole me ka poʻe pono. Taras i noho mua ma ka sexton-kumu, laila, i loko o ke kaiāulu o ka pena. Taras Shevchenko ma ke kula E aʻo i ka heluhelu, a kākau, a me na kumu o ke o ka unuhi halawai ma ka pena.

Ke ola o ka landowner Engelhardt

I ka 1828, lilo iho la oia i kekahi kauwa o ka haku hale Engelhardt me. Vilshany. Taras ua mua scullion, a laila kazachkom. I ka 1829, ua hookauwa akuʻo ia i loko o Vilna, i loko o ka hale o ka haku hale, a ma hope ma St. Petersburg, Engelhardt hoʻoneʻe i ke kapikala ma hope o (ka mea hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka makahiki 1831). Ka haku hale, loaa ia makou ka hiki e huki Taras, ua hoʻoholo ihola e hoouna aku ia ia, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina, a laila, e hana i ke keiki i ka hale o ka pena o. No laila, i ka makahiki 1832, ua hele mai i B. Shiryaev, kauä kuapaʻa-haku, Taras Shevchenko. Kawaihae nei i kona hou kahua o ke ola. Kekahi o na pena Shevchenko hooku iho la ia ma lalo iho nei. I ka hana a ua kapaia "Ana". Ke kiʻi i penaʻia i ka 1842.

Mau makamaka, me ka kaulana nō

Taras Shevchenko, kipa i ka leʻaleʻaʻeleʻele, aiiia. Ma ka Summer Gardenʻo ia i ka pahi i ke kiʻi. Taras hui iʻaneʻi i ka 1836 me IM Soshenko, Ukrainian artist. He hooku iho la ia i ke keiki Grigorovich, Kakauolelo o ka Halau o Arts, e like me pena Karl Bryullov a me Venetsianov, haku mele V. Zhukovsky. O ka nui i loko o ka hopena o Taras i kēia hui 'ana.

loaa ia ke ku okoa ana

mau ho'āʻo e hoʻokuʻu Shevchenko mai serfdom i apo akuk ai. E hai mai oe mai ka hua olelo e pili ana i kekahi o ia mau mea. First Masterpieces Engelhardt hele aku e negotiate, akā, i ole no kuʻu kaumaha. Ke landownerʻiʻo makemake i ka uku pānaʻi. A laila, Venetsianov hele akula i ona lā, e hele mai i ka 'aelike ma ke kumu kūʻai. Tarasa Shevchenko hooikaika aku la ia, a lealea iho la e hopohopo nei e pili ana ia ia i ka hale hoʻokamakama Lūkini nō. Eia naʻe, ma ka manawa ia i haule i loko o ke kaumaha, i kekahi manawa i manao. Ke keiki hōʻino aku i kona kaʻana like 'ana, a me ka landowner tenacity hoonawaliwali ia ia.

I kona moʻolelo pono'ī nova iho, Shevchenko i kākau i Zhukovsky, ma hope iho o ka hooholo ia Engelhardt, noi e pena i kiʻi mai iā ia Bryullova e pāʻani i kēia kiʻi i loko o ke kula gale. Masterpiecesʻae a koke i ke kiʻi ua makaukau. Me Vielgorsky Zhukovsky i ka lottery, a pela Shevchenko loaʻa ke ku okoa ana. E like me ka hoailona o ka hohonu mahalo a me ka nui mahalo i Vasiliyu Andreevichu, oia i hoolilo ai i keia haku mele, kekahi o ka nui o kona poetry ( "Ana").

No laila, April 22, 1838 ku okoa ana Shevchenko Ua kūʻai no ka 2,500 rubles. I ka hookahi makahikiʻo ia i helu i loko o ka Halau o Arts. Here Shevchenko lilo i haumana o K. P. Bryullova.

Ke heyday o poetic talena Shevchenko

Na makahiki maikai ma koʻu ola T. 1840-1847 hiki ke noʻonoʻo (i loko o ka Hawaii photo luna - pakiko-kiʻi o Shevchenko i ia i ka 1840). I keia manawa, i kona poetic tālena ka pua. Kawaihae Tarasa Shevchenka paha ma ka hana ana o na mea he nui na hana. Ma St. Petersburg, i ka 1840 a hiki i ka ohi mua ana o poem o ka haku mele ( "Kobzar"). He waiho iho i ke kahua no kekahi au hou i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka moʻokalaleo o ka Ukrainian kanaka. "Haydamaky" - i ka loa nui hana o Shevchenko, eʻikeʻia i loko o 1842. I waena o nā nui na hana o keia wā hiki ke kaulana i ka poem i ka 1838 "Katherine", 1842, "Wa", makahiki 1844, "mediocre" 1845 "Naymichka" a me ka hana keaka o ka 1843 "Nazar Stodolya". Pili aupuni poem, iʻikeʻia i kēia manawa, - "Dream" (1844,) a me "Caucasus" (1845). Ka mea, denounce autocracy, imbued me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni uhane. Ma ke akea i kapa aku ai no ka hookahuli ana i ka autocracy ana o na kanaka i hoike ia ma ka pili aupuni makemake o Shevchenko - ka poem "Pehea e make ..." (1845).

Huakaʻi i Ukraine a me kā lākou mau manaʻo i loko o nā hana

Taras ma May 1843 hele i Ukraine. Here ia i noho ai ma kahi o ka makahiki. Ma Pepeluali 1844, Kawaihae Tarasa Shevchenka ia hoʻi i St. Petersburg. Ma ke kupulau o 1845, ua puka 'o ia mai ka Halau o Arts, e lilo ana i kekahi "i papa (' o ia hoʻi, noa), pena." kekahi manawa hou aku la Shevchenko i ka Ukraine. He makemake e noho ma Kiev. Taras i hana i kēia manawa ma Kiev hulikoehana Komisina ma ka artist. He hele nā mea a pau ma luna o Ukraine. Ka hoʻokahuli aupuni pono kīvila o ka mea kākau a me ka haku mele, hoʻopuʻipuʻi hou i ka manaʻo o ka hele ana i loko o Chernihiv, Poltava, Kiev'āina a pau. Na wahi a Taras kiai aku i ka plight o ka mahiʻai. Ka mea, i hana ia iloko o huakaʻi antiserfdom poem komo i loko o "ekolu makahiki" album. Taras Shevchenko heluhelu i kēia mau hana i ka hoa a me nā hoalauna, a me ka haawi ia lakou i ka rewrite. Oiai ka noʻonoʻo loi o St. Petersburg, a hiki Belinsky, hoohewaia, a i maopopo ole ka Little Lūkini moʻokalaleo, a oi loa aku hoi Shevchenko. I kona poetry, ka mea, ike aku la i ka puali ololi provincialism. Eia naʻe'āina koke i hoʻomaopopo ai ia. Keia ua hōʻikeʻia e ka mehana hookipa ana Shevchenko iloko o ka huakaʻi, i hana 'ia e ia, i loko o ka 1845-47 biennium.

Cyril a me Methodius, i ka hopu a me ka pio

Taras i ka 1846 komo i loko o ka malu Cyril a me Methodius. Mea, ua hookumuia ia e nā haumāna a me nā kumu o ke Kulanui o Kiev ma ka hopena o 1845 He He kaiāulu haku o ka poe i hoihoi i loko o ka ulu ana o na Slavic kanaka, a me Ukrainian ui kanaka. Denounced ma kekahi provocateur ma April 1847 ka mea i hoike ia e ka mākaʻi. 10 kanaka, i hopu lālā o kona. Ka mea, Ua hoopiiia o ka e hoʻolālā i ke kaiāulu kālai'āina. A pau o ia i hoopaiia. No ka mea, loaa ae nei i Shevchenko no ka poem ka mea i hana 'ino ai. He Ua hoounaia mai ai i ka Orenburg nui māhele'āina ma lalo o ke kanana 'hoʻomakākiu. Eia hou, ma Rotehama au i hoʻohuiʻia kino mai iaʻu i Shevchenko e e ole e kākau a me ka huki. Ka mua hoʻoponopono pilikia Taras pili me ka alcoholism mea i keia manawa. Shevchenko binges i mua ua kaulana. I loko o ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana o ka hui pu malu W. Belozersk, kekahi o kona mau lala, Shevchenko hoaponoia ma ka olelo ana i palapala iho la oia i kona mau poem i loko o ka moku'āina o intoxication, a i ole i i ka mea ia manawa kāʻeʻaʻeʻa manao. Akā, i kēia mauʻikepili mea i ho'ōlaʻia i ka haku mele. Kawaihae Tarasa Grigorovicha Shevchenka i ua hele ana ma 'aneʻi.

Life ma Orsk pā, kekahi i loko o ka huakaʻi

Taras ua ma Orsk pā, a ua he wao nahele backwater. Taras Shevchenko ma hope o kekahi ana Zhukovsky, palapala iho la i ka palapala me ka noi 'ana no ka palapala noi i loko o hoʻokahi wale nō - ka pono i ka pena. No ka Taras ma keia ano, ua, ua mumulu mai Kauna Tolstoy a me Gudovich, akā, ka mea hiki ole ke kōkua Shevchenko. Taras hoopii i ka Dubbeltu, ke poo o ke kolu o ka lālā, akā, i kekahi mea i kokua mai. A hiki i ka liberation ia i wehe i ka papa, e huki. Naʻe, i kekahi mau noho oluolu a hiki i ka artist i loko o ka huakaʻi o 1848-49 kona kuleana. e noiʻi i ka aeuneii? Sea. Aie i ka mea humane lapaʻau V. A. Obrucheva a Butakova lutanela la oia i 'ae' ia e anaanai kūloko hoolaʻi styles a me ke ano o aeuneii? Kahakai. Total Shevchenko i hana 350 watercolor kiʻi a me nā Landskap. He Hoopio i ka loa he koa ka ola, i ke ola o ka Kazakh kanaka. Eia naʻe, i loko o St. Petersburg koke ia lilo ike o keia maka. Butakov a O Kaohikukapulani ma ke kihi loaa ka reprimand, a me Taras Shevchenko i a hoʻokuewa wale 'ia ma 1850 ma ka wao nahele-noho, ma kahi o. Mangyshlak ma Novopetrovskoye hoʻoikaika. A eia ka mea, ua ikaika loa no ka pena.

Nā makahiki lilo ia e pili ana. Mangyshlak

Loa hana nui no ka Taras, ua ka mea mua 3 makahiki o ka noho 'aneʻi. Alaila, lilo ae la ia maʻalahi, hoomaikai pili kēia i ka lokomaikai o ka kūloko commandant Uskov a me kana wahine, aloha e Taras Shevchenko no IeIIeYOA i kā lākou mau keiki, a akahai ano. Shevchenko i noho ai i loko o ka Barracks, nae kekahi luna i? Aaei Tarasu Grigorevichu noho i loko o kona keʻena. Eia naʻe, i loko o ka loa pilikia makahiki au i i lilo naau haku mele Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko, kona Kawaihae ua hoailono aku la ma kekahiʻano o na hoao ana paʻakikī i haule iho ai i kona puu. He ho'āʻo e puku i ka papaia pena moldings a kekahi i i For the, a ua, ma ke ala, ka loa pipiʻi hana i ka manawa.

kū'ē lula Shevchenko

I ka 1857, oia i hope, kuu Taras Grigorevich Shevchenko. Kawaihae o ka haku mele a me ka artist, paha ka mea nonaʻokoʻa ina ole no na hoopii lehulehu FP no ka mea, Tolstoy a me kana wahine, AI Loa. Shevchenko noho ma Novopetrovskaya hooikaika ma October 17, 1850 a hiki i Augate 2, 1857. He Ua hookuu ia ma hope o ka make ana o Rotehama I.

Life ma St. Petersburg, i ka ulu o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni e hoʻolaha i loko o nā hana

Loa a me ka paʻakikī i ka hoi ana mai, mai ke pioʻana mai o Taras. He Ua kali ana i loko o Nizhny Novgorod, banned, mai ke komoʻana i nā mau poo, elua. Friends, nae, i no Shevchenkoʻae e noho i loko o St. Petersburg. He hiki iʻaneʻi i loko o ke kupulau o ka makahiki 1858 Here ka haku mele a me ka artist mau hoa me nā kākau o ka "Contemporary", e like me me NA Dobrolyubov, NG Chernyshevsky, ML Mikhailov, NA Nekrasov, HE Ostrowski ¶ AL. A nui ae kona huhu a me ka hoʻohalahala memo hookani i loko o kona satire. Ekolu lala o ka lānai hou kukuluia ikaika hooponopono ana o ka haku mele. Shevchenko ua ma ka'āina'ē mai no ka umi makahiki, mai June 1847 a hiki i August 1857. naʻe, i ole uhai ia i ka makemake o ka haku mele, a i ole hoʻololi i kona hoʻokahuli aupuni ka hoahewa ia. Poem a poem "hoʻokuapaʻa kukakuka iho" (no laila, i kapaʻia Shevchenko kana mau hana, a i hanaia i loko o ke pioʻana, a huna i ka huli) e wehewehe aku ma ka ulu o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni e hoʻolaha. A hoahewa ia ana o ka haku mele Wiliama lokoino, a me ka hea, e kāʻili wale i kā lākou leo i loko o "Kings" kalapona i ka makahiki 1848. I loko nō o kona hoʻokuewa wale 'ia Shevchenko kekahi hanaʻoia iʻo puke kākau i loko o Russian. Kēia "Alii" i ka MH 1853, "mele" ma 1854-1855., I na hana e 1855 "Gemini", "ka Marechale," "pōʻino" a me ka 1856 "Ka Artist". A pau o ia iloko o ka puu o lāliʻi, mai ka Kawaihae mai o ka mea kākau, imbued me ka olelo la o ka serfdom.

Naʻe, i ka pilikia makahiki lilo i loko o ke pio, e like me entrenched alcoholism ke olonā wāwae o ka ola o Shevchenko, a kuʻuʻia kona tālena. Unsuccessfully i pau ai i kona ho'āʻo e hana i kekahi ohana (mea hana keaka Riunova, kua'āina Lusha a me Harith). A hiki i ka pau ana o kona mau lā koe wale Taras Shevchenko. Pōkole Kawaihae E ole uhi loa ana i ke kino ola, akā, ma ka hope o ka ho'āʻo 'ana o ka mare Shevchenko mākou e olelo kaawale ma lalo nei.

Ohana, hou hopu i kekahi, a me ka hope makahiki kakaikahi ma St. Petersburg

Shevchenko ua loa i loko o Petersburg, mai March 1858 a July 1859. He laila, hele akula hoʻi i kā lākou'āina. Ma Taras i ka manao e kuai i ka hale e nana i ka Dnieper. He koho i ka maikai wahi ma luna o ka puu Chernecha. Naʻe, Shevchenko i ole destined e ola 'aneʻi. I kekahi lā,ʻo ia heluhelu i loko o ka poʻe malihini o kona mau poem, a koke hoʻomaopopo 'ia ai i ka kūloko pookela o ka makai i ke kiaaina, i aku la i ua paipai aʻo kai eʻe e ku e na Aupuni Shevchenko. Ua hopu hou Taras, kauoha, e haʻalele i ke aupuni, a hoʻi i St. Petersburg ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o ke kolu o ka lala. He pōkole Kawaihae o Taras Shevchenko e leie aku oe e omit nā lāliʻi o ke ola i loko o St. Petersburg, e like me keia manawa uaʻaʻole hua nui no ia. Shevchenko, distracted i ka hailona o ka hana noʻeau a me ka palapala, ai 'hoalauna, unuhi ae la ia mau a me ka pena i loko o nā makahiki. Kokoke e pau noa o ka awakea aoao a me ka ahaaina awakea, Nana aku maloko, hou i ka Hobby. A laila, Shevchenko i lilo i academician o engraving ma luna o ke keleawe. ʻO ia nā kumu kāki, ua loaa i ka 1860.

Ka hope ho'āʻo e mare

Pōkole Kawaihae o Taras Shevchenko na keiki pele omits i kēia wahi, akā, ma ka 1860 Ua pili ka hope ho'āʻo e mare Shevchenko. Ma ke kauwela o keia makahiki, oia ua ma St. Petersburg, hoʻokahi - nā hoa Shevchenko hele aku la. Ua Ua nolaila pakahi aku la ke hākilo loa ikeia loneliness. kona noonoo Lukerya Polusmakova, serf kaikamahine. Shevchenko hoomaka pinepine e ike ia ia. Lusha ua kupono a me ka oi nui ma mua o Dovgopolenkova Harith, kekahi mahiai, i kekahi manawa, lawe pio aku ai i ka haku mele. Paha ka mea, ua oi tricky. Ua ua hiki ke ike i Taras - kūpono kēkelē. Ua, me ka hoʻokūoʻo kahunapule, maliu i kona manaʻoi hāpai 'ia. Lusha a Taras he loa lōʻihi wahine a me na kahu, akā, ma hope o kekahi, oiai ua pepehiia kekahi. Kona mea, lalau mai noho unclear, e like me ka ethos L. Polusmakovoy.

Maʻi a me ka make

Haku mele Taras Shevchenko, kona Kawaihae ua hele mai ia manawa a hiki i ka hopena, halawai mai la me ka hoʻomaka o ka 1861 seriously ino (i kāna hana o ka naau, akepaa, pehu, ka rumatika). Eia naʻe,ʻo ia o ka mea hope manaolana no ka daimonio. Ma palapala ia me Baretolomaio, o kona lua hoahanau, i kākau ai i loko o ka makahiki hou, e hele mai i Ukraine, a ma ka home eʻoiaʻiʻo e ola. Eia naʻe, Pepeluali 26, 1861, i ka lā o kona hanau ana, Shevchenko make i loko o St. Petersburg. (Ukraine) i keia hale lua a me ka Hale Hōʻikeʻike o T. G. Shevchenko ma Kanev i kekahi o ka loa koʻi kaua i kahua no ka Little Lūkini kanaka.

Akā,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o Ukraine, lakou i hoomaikai ai keia nui kanaka. Kawaihae no Taras Shevchenko ma Russian eia nae i komo i loko o ke kula laulā maʻamau no ka moʻokalaleo ma Rusia, akā, ai ke kanaka, e like me ka pono iʻike hoʻokumu, a ma ko kakou aupuni ka loa mahalo. Kona inoa mea maʻa i na mea he nui no mākou. Kekahi o na kanaka nui loa i loko o Ukraine ua manaoia i Taras Shevchenko. CV ma Russian keia haku meleʻiʻo hoihoi i loko o na mea he nui o oukou.