Kanawai kaua ma Kina: ke kumu, nā hualoaʻa

Chinese kivila kaua ma waena o ka Communist Party a me ka Kuomintang lilo kekahi o ka loihi a me ki koa o onei o ka XX kenekulia. CCP lanakila alakai ai i ka mea i hoomaka i ka nui hawaiian aina e kūkulu socialism.

Ka Ike a me ka chronology

Ke koko kivila kaua ma Kina lulu iho la ia i ka aina no ka hapaha kenekulia. Ke kaua ma waena o ka Kuomintang, a me ka Communist Party lawe i ka ideological ano. Kekahi hapa o Chinese ke kaiāulu koi i ka paa ana o ke aupuni lahui repubalika, oiai ka mea'ē aʻe i makemake ai e socialism. Nā communists ola he ao alohilohi i laʻana e hahai i loko o ka maka o ka Soviet Union. lanakila o ke kipi i loko o Rusia i hooeueu ae la i na mea he nui kākoʻo o ka haʻalele-eheu kālai'āina wale.

Kanawai kaua ma Kina hiki ke maheleia i mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ka mua i hele mai i loko o ka 1926-1937 biennium. A laila, hele mai kekahi anaʻe e pili ana i ka mea i ka Communists a me Kuomintang hui kaua i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka Japanese aggression. Soon Ua lilo i ka poe koa kaua o ka aina o ka hikina a ka lā i loko o Kina i integral hapa o ka Apana World War. Ma hope o ke Kepani militarists i hee, kivila kue laila, i loko o Kina. I ka lua o ka pae o ka hookahe koko ana i loko o 1946-1950 ,.

Northern huakaʻi

Ma mua o ka outbreak o kivila kaua ma Kina, ua maheleia ka aina i loko o kekahi mau ana na hapa. Ua Ua pili me ka haule ana o ke aupuni mō'ī, ana i ka hoʻomaka o ka XX kenekulia. Ma hope o ia, he hookahi moku'āina, a i ole ke kino. Ma waho aʻeo i ka KMT, a me ka Communists aia no ke kolu o ka pūʻali koa - Beiyang Army. Kēia? Eia i ka nānā 'pūkaua kahiko o ka qing imperial kaua.

I ka 1926, ka KMT alakaʻi Chan Kayshi hemo aku ke kaua e kū'ē i nā warlords. He hoʻonohonoho i ka Northern huakaʻi. Ma keia oihana koa kai eʻe, e like me nā koho i hele ma kahi o 250 tausani koa. Kai-shek a me na communists kākoʻo. Kēia nui koa mau e lilo i kekahiʻahahui o ka National hoʻokahuli aupuni Army (NRA). Northern huakaʻi Ua kākoʻoʻia ka USSR. Ka NRA hele mai i Lūkini koa poe akamai, a me ka Soviet aupuni lako koa mokulele a me nā mea kaua. I ka 1928, i pepehi, a ua hui pu ka aina ma lalo o ka noho aliʻi o ka KMT na warlords.

nahā i

Ma mua o ka Hawaii huakaʻi i pau ai ma waena o ka Kuomintang, a me ka Communists, mahae, no ka mea, o ka a hoomaka ae la e hahai ana i ke kaua kūloko ma Kina. March 21, 1937 National hoʻokahuli aupuni Army i Shanghai. Ka mea, ua ma keia wahi i ka oko ao ma waena o nā allies hoomaka ae la e hōʻike.

Chan Kayshi i i paulele i ka Communists, a hele aku la i loko o oia i kuikahi me ia wale nō, no ka mea, i ole makemake i ka i loko o ka helu o ka poe enemi, e like me ka mea kaulana aoao. Ano ka mea, ua aneane hoʻokahi ke aupuni a me ka pono i ka manaoio ana ia ia ke hana me ke kākoʻo mai o ka hema. Eia hou, i ke poo o ka Kuomintang makau i ka CCP (Chinese Communist Party) e hopu ka mana i loko o ke aupuni. A no keia mea hoʻoholo i ka mālama '-emptive hahau.

Chinese Kanawai War 1927-1937 GG. Ua hoomaka ma hope o ka Kuomintang aupuni paa i ka Communists hopu, a luku iho la ia i ko lakou mau keena i loko o nā kūlanakauhale nui o ke aupuni. Leftists hoomaka ae la e pale aku. I 'Apelila 1927, a wawahi i ka nui uprising o communists ma ka nei hookuuia mai na warlords Shanghai. I kēia mau lā i loko o Kina i nā hanana haawiia i ka luku a me ka ee-hoʻokahuli aupuni coup. E like me ka hopena o nā kaua, he nui CCP luna i make ole i hoopaa ai. Ka mea hele lola honua.

lōʻihi hele

Ma ke kahua mua o ka Pākē Kanawai War 1927-1937 GG. poe i hoopuehu clashes nāʻaoʻaoʻelua. I ka 1931, na communists kūkulu i ko lakou mau ano like moku'āina ma luna o nā panalāʻau e ma lalo o kā lākou mau malama. Ua Ua kapaʻia ka Chinese Soviet Repubalika. Kēia mua o Kina i ole loaa kalaiaina iaia ma ka holoʻokoʻa. Communists i ke kulanakauhale nui, o Ruijin. Ka mea, kukulu ai lakou ia lakou ihoʻano nui i loko o ka hema wahi o ka aina. No kekahi mau makahiki, Chan Kayshi ulu mau eha punitive kaua kiʻi e kaua ku ei ka Soviet Repubalika. A pau i kipaku.

I ka makahiki 1934, ka? Oaony elima kai eʻe. Nā communistsʻike ihola i ko lakou ikaika mea,ʻaʻole lawa no ka mea, e noonoo i kekahi hou ku i ka Kuomintang. A laila, i ka 'aoʻao i ka unexpected olelo hooholo, e hoouna aku i ko lakou poe koa ma ka akau o ka aina. Kēia i hanaʻia ma lalo o ka pretext o kaua na Kepani i ka manawa hoi malalo o Manchuria, a hooweliweli ma Kina. Eia hou, ma ka akau o ka PDA i ka manao e loaa ka kōkua mai i ideologically kokoke i ka Soviet Union.

Na Long March hele aku la i ka poe kaua i ka nui o ka 80 tausani kanaka. Kekahi o kona poe luna papa ua Mao Tszedun. I ka pomaikai o ka luna 'hana i aku la ia ia i contender no ka mana i loko o ka mea a pau Party. He hope i loko o ka lako e paio e kiʻi pohaku uinihepa, o kou mau hoa, a lilo i ka Luna hoomalu o ka Central Komite. Akā, ma ka makahiki 1934ʻo ia i ka mea wale nō luna koa.

Mea keʻakeʻa nei no ka CCP ka poʻe kaua ua ka nui o Yangtze River. Ma kona kapa, me ka KMT koa i hana mau o ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai. CommunistsʻEhā kā unsuccessfully ho'āʻo e hele i ka mea ku pono ana i kahakai. Ma ka hope loa, ua hiki ke hoonohonoho i ka hoʻololi o ka poe kaua holoʻokoʻa ma ka wale alahaka, i ka wā e hiki mai ana o Kina Liu Bocheng Ilamuku.

Koke, hoomaka ae la na kaua, e hakaka. Mau luna (Zedong, a me Jong-gata) arguing no alakaʻi. Mao Koi ikaika ma ka pono, e hoʻomau i ka hoʻoneʻe akau. Kona hoa i makemake ai e noho i loko o Sichuan. E like me ka hopena, ma mua o ka poe kaua hoʻokahi i maheleia i mau kolamu. Lōʻihi March Ua pau wale ka hapa i hele i Mao Zedong. Zhang Gata ia pūkaua kina i ka Kuomintang. Ma hope iho o ka lanakila o ka Communists, oia emigrated ia Kanada. Mao ka poʻe hao wale e hoʻokele i ka lanakila i ke ala a hiki i 10 tausani kilomika a me 12'āina. Hike i pau ai October 20, makahiki 1935, ka wā o ka Communist koa entrenched ma Vayaobao. He haʻalele wale 8000 kanaka.

Xiguan hana '

I ka paio ana o ka Communists a me ka Kuomintang i mua he 10 makahiki, a ma ka hope o ka pau ana o Kina nei ma lalo o hoʻoweliweli 'o Japanese' uao. Up i ia wahi, ua mua kekahi kaua liʻiliʻi ma Manchuria, akā, Tokyo i i hūnā i ko lakou mau manao - ka mea, makemake e loa naʻi i ka hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia a me ka ho'āʻo 'ia e ke kaua kivila, he hoalauna.

Ma keia kahua i nā māhele mau o ke kaiāulu kanaka, Pake, e imi i kekahi e like me ka 'ōlelo ma ka mea, e hoola ia i kona aupuni. Ma hope o ka Long March, Chan Kayshi Ua hoʻolala e hoʻokō 'ia i ka pio ana o ka Communists, i pakele, mai ka mea, a hiki i ke kūkulu'ākau. Eia naʻe, December 12, i hopu ia e kona mau kenelala 1936 Peresidena o ka KMT. Yang Hucheng a Zhang Syuedyan koi mai ka pelekikena, e lilo oia i kuikahi me na Communists no ka ami paio e ku ei ka Kepani aggressors. Peresidena conceded. Kona hopu ia ana la ia mea e like me ka Xiguan hana 'ia. Soon, oia ua he 'amelika alo, a hiki consolidate i ka Pākē kanaka o nā mea a pau pili olelo ao e pili ana i ka makemake, e pale aku i ke Kuokoa o ke aupuni.

Japanese hoʻoweliweli

No ka mea, he nui na makahiki i ka Pākē kivila kaua i ke ala a hiki i ka wā o Japanese 'uao. Ma hope o ka Xiguan hana 'ia mai ka 1937 a hiki i 1945 ma waena o ka Communists a me ka Kuomintang noho i ka' aelike ma ka Ally paio e ku ei ka aggressor. Tokyo militarists manao i ka mea hiki oluolu kahu ai i ka lanakila China, kahe ana ke koko maloko kū'ē. Eia naʻe, ua hōʻike manawa e na Kepani, ua hewa. Ma hope o ka mea, ua komo i loko o ke kuikahi me Nazi Kelemānia, a ma Europe, ka Nazis hoomaka ke anoe, ka Pākē kākoʻo i ka Ally mana, kuhikuhi kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, a me ka Soviet Union. Americans ua ku e na Kepani ia lakou i hooukaia mai Pearl Harbor.

Ke kaua kūloko ma Kina, ma ka pōkole, haʻalele ka Pākē me ka ole. Pono, hakakā ioeaie a me ka laulā o ka ke pale koa, he'āina haʻahaʻa. Ma awelika, me ka Pākē nalowale 8 manawa hou aku kanaka ma mua o ka Japanese, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea i ma kaʻaoʻao mua i mua o. Japan makemake paha, ua hiki ke hoʻoholo 'ia kā lākou' uao, ināʻaʻole no ka mea Allies. Me ka ua lilo o Kelemania, i ka makahiki 1945 pono'ī noa i nā lima o ka Soviet Union. Ka Americans, ka mea i mua hana ku e na Kepani ka hapanui ma ka moana a ma ka lewa, ma ka ia kauwela hāʻule mau'ātoma hopeʻia ma luna o Hiroshima a me Nagasaki. Aupuni a waiho iho la kona mau lima.

I ka lua o ka pae ana o ke kaua kūloko

Ma hope o Japan hope hookuu mai ai ia, ua hou puunaueia ka Pākē ?? eoi? Ma waena o ka Communists a me kākoʻo o Kai-shek. Kēlā me kēiaʻano i ka hooponopono ana o ia mau'āina, kahi o na koa kupaʻa ia ia. Ka CPC Hoʻoholo ihola ia e kona foothold akau o ka aina. Eia ke moe i ka mokuna a me ka Soviet Union noho aloha pū. Ma 'Aukake 1945, i ka Communists i ia he kūlanakauhale nui me Zhangjiakou, Qinhuangdao a me Shanhaiguan. Ma lalo o ka mana o Mao Zedong ua Manchuria, a ma loko Mongolia.

KMT koa i hoʻopuehuʻia ma ka aina. I ka papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu i loko o ke komohana kokoke i Burma. Ke kivila kaua i loko o 1946-1950, China. Ua puʻe wale akula kēlā haole na aupuni, e noonoo i ko lakou heluia, no ka mea, ke ahaʻia i loko o ka māhele 'āina. US koke i progomindanskie hoomoana. Americans hōʻike 'shek kai a me ka lewa kaa no kokololio hoololiia ana o ke kaua ma ka hikina.

maluhia mau

Events i hahai ma hope o ka hoihoi o Japan, alakai aku ai i ka lua o kivila kaua ma Kina i hoʻomaka. Ma keia hihia,ʻaʻole e hōʻike i ka hoao ana o na aoao elua, e manao i ka mua maluhia aelike. Okatoba 10, 1945 ma Chongqing, Chan Kayshi a me Mao Tszedun kakauinoa i ka AYEIE aelike. Mau hoa paio, ua hoʻohiki Nā e haalele i kona poe koa, a me tensions ma ka aina. Eia naʻe, i nā clashes hoomau. A me October 13 Chan Kayshi kena i ka nui-ka unahiʻole, kūpono '. I kakahiaka nui 1946, i ka Americans ho'āʻo i kona noonoo me kona mau hoa paio lima. Ma China lele General Dzhordzh Marshall. Me ka mea, i kakauinoa i ka palapala, a lilo iho la ia i ike i ka January ceasefire.

Aka hoi, ma ke kauwela o kivila kaua i loko o 1946-1950, China. He hou. Communists Army emi iki mahope o KMT like 'ana i kūpono a me ka lako a pan. Ua waiho wale aku no i ka make nui i loko o ka pā China. Ma March 1947 na communists hookuu mai ai ia Yanʻan. Ma Manchuria CCP poʻe hao wale i maheleia i ekolu pūʻulu. Ma keia kulana, ka mea, i ka puu o ka maneuvering, no laila, i ka pomaikai i kekahi manawa. Ka Communists ike iho la i ka Pākē Kanawai War 1946-1949 GG. ka mea, e lilo e ināʻoe e ole lawe i'ano'ē nā mea hoʻololi. Ua hoomaka ka puʻe wale akula kēlā hoʻokumu o ka poe koa mau. I mea e hoomaopopo i ke kauwa, e flop ma konaʻaoʻao, Mao Tszedun i hoʻoili i ka aina mihi. hoomaka nā kama'āina e loaa ia i kauwahi, a me ka contingent o Hokoana ulu i loko o ka poʻe koa, ka mea i hele mai, mai ke kauhale aku.

Nā kumu o ke Kanawai Kaua ma Kina 1946-1949 makahiki. Ua manao i ka nalowaleʻana o ka make māinoino o ka haole 'uao i loko o ke aupuni hookahi houʻoi loa i kaʻokoʻa ma waena o nā irreconcilable kālai'āina nenoai. Apuepue ke KMT, a me ka Communists ke coexist ma kekahi moku'āina. China e loaa kekahi ano o ka mana o ke a ka mea nona ka aina i ka wā e hiki mai.

Nā kumu o ka fracture

Communists nanea nui kākoʻo mai o ka Soviet Union. Ka Soviet Union i ole intervene pololei i loko o ke kaua, akā, i ke koke o ka pili? Eiia io, o ka papa, Radio i loko o ka lima o ka Mao Zedong. Moscowʻae, e haawi aku i ka Pākē hoa a pau koʻu Japanese pio lako a ia makahiki, no ka hoolako ana i ka ai a hiki i ka Hōʻole akula East. Eia hou, mai ka hoʻomaka o ka lua o ke kahua o ke kaua ma lalo o ka mana o ka CCP he nui hanalima kulanakauhale. Me ia he aeuiiai ieaia? Hiki koke hana i kekahi poe koa fundamentally hou,ʻoi aʻe a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ma mua o kekahi mau o nā makahiki ma mua.

Ma ke kupulau o 1948, hoomaka ae la he kuleana kūpono 'communists ma Manchuria. Hana alakaʻiʻia Lin Biao - he loea koa alihi kaua a me ka wā e hiki mai Ilamuku o Kina. Ke culmination o ke kaua i liaoshen kai eʻe, a ua hee o ia e kekahi poe koa nunui o ka Kuomintang (o ma kahi o ka hapalua o ka miliona kanaka). Oka ae ka Communists e ana aʻei ko lakou poe koa. elima nui kaua, kela mea keia mea o ka i ua hoʻohana i loko o ka kekahi māhele o ka aina i hanaia. Mau kila ho okumu i mālama hakaka papa hoʻolaukahi a synchronized. Ka CPC manao, e apono i ka Soviet hana o ka Great Patriotic War, ka wā nui fronts i ka hoonohoia'na o loko o ka Red Army. I ka Ia manawa ka Pākē Kanawai War 1946-1949 GG. Ua hoʻoneʻe i kona hope ke kahua. Once la oia i hookuu Manchuria, Lin Biao no kēlā me kēia mai me ka pae, ma muli ma North China. Ma ka hope o 1948, ka Communists i hooponopono o ka hoʻokele waiwai nui lanahu ipu Tangshan.

CCP ka lanakila

Ma Ianuali 1949, ma lalo o ka noho luna ana o ka poe koa makani ino mai ai i ka Tianjin Biao. PDAs pomaikai Kulou iho gomindanskogo luna o ka'ākau ke alo, e hoihoi aku me ka kaua Beiping (ka laila inoa o Beijing). Mea hōʻemi, kena ae la shek hāpai 'ia nei he truce i ka enemi. Ua hiki i April. Ka lōʻihi-ku XinhaiʻOiʻenehana a me ke kaua kūloko ma Kina i hookahe he nui loa ke koko. Ma ka Kuomintang aʻu i manao i ka nele o ke kanaka waiwai. Mau nalu o mobilization i alakai aku ai i ka mea e hou mau, e lawe i wale wahi.

I o Aperila, i ka Communists hoouna mai i ko lakou mana o ka lōʻihi-makahiki hoa paio o ka maluhia Kuikahi. E like me ultimatum ma hope o ka 20th lā o ka PDA ua i kakali ai no ka pane ana i kekahi e hele mai ia i hoʻomaka kekahi hoouka. Nā poʻe hao wale ma ka Yangtze River. May 11 Lin Byao i Wuhan, a ma May 25 - Shanghai. Chan Kayshi haʻalele i ka pelapela a me ka neʻe i Taiwan. Kuomintang aupuni mai Nanjing a hiki i Chongqing hele. Ke kaua ua manawa mālama wale nō i loko o kaʻaoʻao hema o ka aina.

Creation o Kina a me ka hope o ke kaua

October 1, 1949 na Communists hai mai i ke kukuluia'na o ka hou People ka Repubalika o Kina (PRC). Ka lawelaweʻia paʻa ma Beijing, a lilo iho la ia i ke kapikala o ke aupuni hou. Aka hoi, ke kaua hoʻomau.

8 o Guangzhou i lawe. Ke kaua kūloko ma Kina, na kumu o ka poe e i keia i ka mana o ka Communists a me ka Kuomintang, ua manawa e hele mai ana i kona Logical ka hopena. Ke aupuni nei neʻe i Chongqing ma 'Amelika mokulele pono'ī evacuated i ka mokupuni o Taiwan. Ma ke kupulau o 1950, ka Communists loa subjugated ka hema o ka aina. Kuomintang koa, ka poe i makemake ole i ka haawi, a holo aku la a hiki i ke kokoke Palani Indochina. Ma ka haule ana o ko Kina ka poʻe kaua i ka hooponopono ana o Tibet.

I ka hope o ke kaua kūloko ma Kina waiho i loko o ka mea ana i hoʻokumu 'ia ai ka Communist? Eia i loko o kēia nui a me ka populous aupuni. KMT ua malamaia wale ma Taiwan. I ka Ia manawa i keia la, Chinese Aupuni noonoo i ka mokupuni hapa o kona mokuna. Akā nae ilaila mai 1945 ka mea, i ka Repubalika o Kina. Ka pilikia a kūwaho hoʻi i ka hoʻomaopopo pono o ka Moku'āina mau a hiki i kēia lā.