He aha ka Chartism? Definition, ke kumu, ka waiwai o ka Chartism

Chartism i waho ma 'Enelani, a ua hoano e kona heyday ma na 30s a me 40s o ka XIX kenekulia. Ua ua i ka holoʻana o nā lawelawe a me ka pili aupuni ano.

kumu Chartism

Kaʻia "Chartism" i waho ma hope o 1839 ka wā People ka Palapala i hoʻouna 'ia ai i ka Beritania hale kanawai. Hoikehonua, moʻolelo iʻae i kēia neʻeʻana i ka elue no ka muli o ka lawelawe-kemokalaka nā manaʻo. Kona papa kuhikuhiE kāna mau 'ōlelo, ua nui proletarian papa, i originated maʻEnelani ma hope o ka HoʻokahuliʻOiʻenehana.

Kumu Chartism ia e loaʻa i loko o ka laila pilikia kulana. Ma na 20s a me 30s o ka UK, he nalu o oicyenoaaiiie crises. Companies hele bankrupt, a paa hou mai la, a me na hana a pau me ka hana a me ka lilo ana o kona ola. No laila, i ka mea a Chartism? Kēia i ka naoh o ka proletariat a hiki i ka ka pukaʻana yeiiiie? Aneeie oneiaeyie, e kiʻi i kekahi 'oihana i ka wa a ka mea i aneane hiki ole i. Pakahi aku la ia loa i ke kahua ma ka industrialized wahi, no ka laʻana ma Lancashire (kalana ma ka akau-komohana England). Blue maoli hooponopono haunaele i pau ai kāna hana, haunaele a me robberies ma ka Hale Kūʻai Meaʻai papa kāwiliʻai.

Pololi a me ka manao a pau i ka hopena o ka nui ana o ka eha ma ka naau, a ma ka hopena, e hiki mai ai. Ua ua he maikaʻi kumu hoohalike no na hana. I ka makahiki 1832, i ka bourgeoisie ua i ka mihi o ka hale kanawai, i noʻonoʻo kona pono. Keia ua loaʻa, a me ka waiho wale ana me ka hana workaholic nā hale hana.

People ka Palapala

I ka papa kuhikuhiE palapala o ka Chartists - People kaʻo Samuel M. kakauiaʻi kekahi mau wahi. Ka mea, ua i ke koi no ka ao suffrage no na kanaka ma lalo o 21 makahiki o ka makahiki, i ka abolition o ka waiwai makahiki paha no ka poe aikane, e lilo i mau lala, e like me ka malu balota. Eia hou, i ka hana e emi i ka hale kanawai manawa a ka wā o kekahi makahiki a me ka helehelena o ka like'ōnaehana hoʻokoho apana. Kekahi o kēia mau kumu o ka polokalamu loaʻa kākoʻo i waena o ka bourgeoisie. No ka laʻana, ka mea i ke koi no ka like a me ka malu suffrage. Ike a pau o kēia mau koi, ia mea nui maʻalahi ka maopopo mea Chartism.

Ke impoverishment o ka hana ka papa

I ka papa kuhikuhiE kumu o Chartism - -conflict waena hale kanawai, a me ka poe ilihune. I ka makahiki 1934, ua puakai mp kanawai e pili ana i ka functioning o workhouses. Mau hui, he mau hapa o ka mea aloha ole i ka halepaahao nenoaiu. Ka mea i hana i ka mea e paipai i ka poe ilihune a me ka hewa, e hana ana no ka pomaikai o ke kaiāulu. A hoi mai la na workhouses a me ka poʻe i hiki ole kiʻi mai o ka nuipa a nele i ka nuʻu mua ma hope o ka hanalima ulia.

Mea hōʻemi o ka hana kūpono no nā mea a pau o kēia mau kanaka alakaʻi i kue aku i ka hale kanawai a me kona hoʻoholo. Kekahi kumu no ka muli o Chartism - ka hou ilihune kanawai, hooholoia i ka 1834. I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o ka palapala o ka poe hana i ka nuipa a nā hōʻike, a ana i pau ai i ka noi iā lunakanawai. haneri o na tausani o ka disgruntled i loko o ia mau hana 'ana.

I ka paio ana o na proletarians no ko lakou mau mea e pono ai

First ho'ākāka Kū aʻela spontaneously. Over manawa, ku mai ka mea, i waena o nā proletarians o activists ka poe i hoomaka e hana i kekahi centralized hui. Ka mea mua e like 'ole i ka London hanakimi Men ka Ahahui, iʻikeʻia i loko o 1836.

He aha ka Chartism, a pehea ia i kekahi, mai hala palapala kue, disgruntled ilihune? I ka mea i nā hoa o ke kulekele o ka hale kanawai, ua hiki ke hoonohonoho ia lakou iho, a nāna hoʻi i hana i ko lakou mau hui, e pono ai ko lākou pono. Ma hope o London, na hale aʻikeʻia i loko o nā kūlanakauhale, e lilo ana commonplace maʻEnelani.

It Kauhalenui Ahahui i ua kālaiʻia i nā 'ikamu i hana i ke kumu no ka mea kaulana People ka Palapala. Me ka manawa, ua lanakila ka poe hana kākoʻo ma ka nupepa lehulehu, a me ka 'ē aʻe me Media, a i hoomaka ae la e paipai i ka Chartist koi. Ka loa Popular malu ao suffrage, i ka manaʻo o ka i loaa ka küpinaÿi i loko o ka likeʻole ma o ka maikaʻi-ikeia Hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo puke o okoa kālai'āina kohoʻia. 'Oiai, heʻoiaʻiʻo mālama' iaʻano nui ka hana i koe.

Radicals a me ka 'oʻoleʻa lōpū

E aho kakau mea Chartism, ia mea pono e hōʻike i ka mea i kēia neʻeʻana i loa Ua monolithic. Ua oia mai o nā'ēheu. Poe kokua o ka hoao ana me ka bourgeoisie makemake, e kaua aku no ko lakou mau pono ma maluhia palapala: rallies, hoopii a me ka huakai i. Ka mea i kū'ēʻia e nā radicals, ka poe i manaoio i drastic ana wale ma hiki ke hoʻokō pahu hopu o ka neʻeʻana. Kēia alanui i manaoia no ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka hanaʻino i na Aupuni. Radicals, e like me ka rula, i koe.

akau-'ēheu'ēheu kekahi uku kūikawā noonoo ana i ka ninau o ka palaoa, a Me Na Kanawai. Ka mea, i aponoia e ka hale kanawai i loko o kekahi mau makahiki ma mua o ka Pelekania e hoʻopale mahiʻai mai haole Competition. Kēia i hanaʻia i hoʻolaunaʻia ma loko o ka aina i laweia na hua liilii apau. Mau ana no hoi, a mahuahua nui i ke kumu kuai o ka berena, i mea ole, e like ka hana.

Kuikahi Chartists

Chartist neʻeʻana i kūpono i ka mea i ka ke anaina, i paʻa i loko o Glasgow Kiure me ka unahiʻole ma ka pūnāwai 1838. Ma ka mea, e like me na koho, ka mea i hele ma kahi o 200 tausani kanaka. O lakou no ka hiki hopena o Chartism. Ano, ua komo na underprivileged lawehana i loko o ka'āina i loko o ka palapala ana.

Ma Pepeluali 1839, London ua hana hoʻokipa ka mua nui Kuikahi o kākoʻo o ka Chartists. Ua Ua hapai like i kekahi koho no ka Kanawai o ka hale kanawai, a ua manao ia e ka waha'ōlelo no ka mahalo eha ma ka naau. Iaʻo Samuel Ua ae like ma luna o laila. Ma hope iho ua hoomaka ae la ka papakaukau kai eʻe ma ka aina. A palapala ohi leo o na hana.

Eia hoi ma ke kauwela o ka makahiki 1839 palapala i waihoia aku i loko o ka hale o Nā Kāhua. Ma keia manawa ka mea, i kakauinoaia e maluna o ka miliona kanaka. Eia naʻe, hale kanawai huli he kuli pepeiao i nā koi o ka Chartists. Ua hooleia e ka hapanui o ka lunakanawai i ka palapala hoopii.

makaukau e kū'ē'ē mai

Mp mai i makemake i kaʻike i ka Chartist neʻe - He ana no ka pono o ka helu nui o nā poʻe i noho ma o ka aina. Koke ma hope o kā lākou hōʻole, e ae aku i ka palapala hoopii ma Pelekānia hoomaka ae la kaua poe hana a me ka makai. ua lilo maʻamau kī a me alanui kaua.

Nui na alakai o ka Chartist neʻeʻana, ma ke kua me na kaola. Ua alakai aku ai i ka mea i loko o 1839, 10 tausani kanaka pepehi i ka halepaahao, a kena ae la lehulehu mōhai. Ka moku'āina ua increasinglyʻoi loa kona puʻe ma ka'ano'ē aoao o ka neʻeʻana. Ma hope o ka pīhoihoi a pau i uhi pū.

Naʻe, na kumu o Chartism i ole nalo. E like me ma mua, i ke kahua o na mea he nui ka poe e hana i waiho ia e makemake nui. Nolaila, o ka eheu akau o ka Chartists e haʻalele wale, a hookahi manawa hou ho'āʻo e huki hale kanawai i ka noonoo ana i kekahi mau palapala. Newʻo Samuel M. i hoʻouna 'ia i ka 1842 a me ka 1848.

Lastʻo Samuel M. Chartists

Ka hope ho'āʻo coincides me kekahi mau nui hanana. Mua, i ka 1847 ka mea, hoomaka ae la he hou hanalima ka hoʻoponopono ulia, a kiola i loko o ke alanui, a hiki na tausani o ka poe e hana nei i loko o ka UK. Ka lua, i ka mea ia manawa a pau ma luna o Europe hoʻomaka i ke kipi. Ka mea mua i kekahi i loko o Paris, ma ka mea eha ma ka naau bourgeoisie hookahuli Louis-Philip I, i infringed kona mau mea e pono ai.

Kēia laʻana lilo lele, eia nae o ka ikaika o ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia Chartists i Ua nunui emi ma mua ia o ka Palani capitalists. He nui nā alakaʻi o ke keakea neʻeʻana i no hoʻopuehuʻia i loko o ka makahiki i hala iho nei. No laila, a pau ma luna o ka mea e hiki mai ana Palapala, i hou o Laielohelohe miliona o ka inoa. I ka makahiki 1848, ua pale hale kanawai ka hoopii hou, he mea, a hele aku la i kekahi concessions e like me ka occasional ke kāpaeʻana o ka hua liilii dute a me ka hooponopono i ka hana mau hola i loko o nā hale hana.

Ma hope o kekahi mau makahiki, hele i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka haole hou i ka puʻu. Disgruntled mākou i nalowale i ka Initiative, a kalepa ae la lakou koke Chartists la i mea ole. O ka holo ana, ua i hele aku i ka pilikia o na hana. Poe hana hoomau, e kaua aku no ko lakou mau pono, akā, ma nā 'ano i i ole e pili ana i Chartism.

ka noi waiwai

He aha ka i ka hopena o ka paio ana o ka Chartists no kā lākou mau pono no kaʻumi makahiki? I ka 1842, hale kanawai hoʻolauna i ka makahiki auhau, a me ka dute ma na aina palaoa, a hoemiia ke kumukuai o ka berena hope hoopauia. Ke kumu nui i ka pomaikai o ka palapala hiki ke noʻonoʻo i ka hola kānāwai. Ua Ua aponoia i ka 1847 a me ka hoʻolauna i ka 10-hora workday no na wahine a me na keiki, a ua he liʻiliʻi, akā, he concession i ka proletariat.

Ua nui noiʻi Ua ho'āʻo e formulate mea Chartism. Ka wehewehena o keia neʻe pinepine wehewehe ia me he harbinger o ka uniona kālepa, a hoomaka ae la e hōʻike em me nā paʻi i loko o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XIX kenekulia.

Ka waiwai o Chartism i loko o ka mea anaʻo ia i ka uku hana no ka proletariat maʻEnelani. Mai laila, na hana i ike i ka oiaio e pili ana i ko lakou mau mea e pono ai, a ua aoia hoi e hoʻolālā ai lākou i ka hoʻopalekana 'ana i kā lākou mau pono.

Chartism a me ka USSR

No Popular Chartism loaa i loko o ka Soviet Union, a ho okumu i ka ideology o superiority o ka proletarian papa. He puke o ka wahi lulu mau kumu a me nā economists e wehewehe i mea Chartism. Ka wehewehena o keia kŰia i loko o ka Soviet 'epekema ma ka laina me ka Marxist papa. Chartism Ua noʻonoʻo like me ka ano o ka prologue i ka hoala mai la o ka proletarian papa.

I Enelani i ka mua aupuni kahi i hoomaka ai ka hana, e kaua aku no ko lakou mau pono ma kaʻikena ki ina hana like. Lakou i mea hoike o na hahau ana au i ka nui a me ka pepehi iho at ia. Poe hana papani iho la i? Iecaianoaaiiuo, a me kekahi manawa, hiki i sabotage i ka hihia a me ka wā o ka hanalima lako a purposefully luku.