He aha ka ka morphology o microorganisms?

Ke morphology o na microorganisms - o ka 'epekema e pili ana me ka hoʻopaʻa' ana o kā lākou mau helehelena, me nā hale, ki ina hana like o nā'ōlelo a me ka neʻeʻana.

Paʻa a me ka Kaka

Kēia 'epekema mea he nui, a ua ua këia nui nīnūnē. I loko nō o ka mea ana a pau microorganisms iʻike makaʻole i ka maka kanaka, ka mea e ola ana, aʻo nā "maikaʻi" no ka mea ke kino a me ka hewa.

Germs Hiki ke loaʻa i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o ka hoikeana o ke ola: wai, ka lepo, makani, a me nā meaola.

e pili ana i koʻohune Leeuwenhoek kaulana nä känaka 'epekema hana i loko o ka? iecaianoaaiiie o ka maka aniani mua First aʻo, hiki e hoʻomāhuahua i mea e mau haneri manawa. A me ka mea ana i ike haohao ia pau. Nä känaka 'epekema' ike akula i germs i na wahi a me ka mea e pau okoa mai kekahi i kekahi. Penei, Leeuwenhoek i ka discoverer o microorganisms.

Louis Pasteur hoomaka ae la e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina i kēia nīnau, e like me ka morphology o microorganisms, a ike i ka mea ole wale i kaʻokoʻa 'ole a me ka kinona, akā, i naʻano likeʻole a me ka hele a me nā'ōlelo. He loaʻa i kekahi mau microorganisms i nā palapala i ke kino o ke kanaka, a me kekahi, ma ka mea ku ole, kōkua maikaʻi. He pū ike i microbes e like me ka hū, ke alakai i ka fermentation keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Ke morphology o meaola aeia na mea he nuiʻepekema e invent i kaʻokoʻa laʻau koʻokoʻo, e kōkua Makuakane me ka make kanaka maʻi.

Mea Maluna

Microorganisms i manaoia ka poeikohoia o ka mea uuku e ola ana ma ka Honua Honua. Loa pinepine, ka mea, ua unicellular, a me ka noʻonoʻo iā lākou wale nō i loko o ka ikaika loa microscope.

Keia ano o ke ola nui ua anaia mai ka manawa i loko o micrometers a me nanometers. Ma ke ano maoli, i loaʻa ka mea, he nunui nui, no laila, ka mea, i nui oko ao i loko o ka 'ole, he ala o ke ola a me ka neʻeʻana.

E like me ka hookupaa Mea Maluna, koʻohune e mahele ia i loko o acellular, unicellular a me ka multicellular. I ka Ia manawa ka mea, ua māheleʻia i loko o na waeʻano: fungi, ka hū, phages, koʻohune a me nā mea hoʻomaʻi.

A iki e pili ana i koʻohune

Ma ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i ia kumuhana i ka morphology o microorganisms, E e uku nui nānā i ka koʻohune. Loa pinepine, ka mea, i hookahi-aa? Meaola (eia nae, he mau 'ia) a i loa i keʻano o ka nui like' ole. Kekahi o ia i 500 micrometers.

He nui na ano o ka koʻohune oko i loko o kā lākou mau ano. Ua hiki nā koʻokoʻo-hoʻokino, poepoe-hoʻokino, a crimped meaola. Eʻano kēlā iā mākou noʻonoʻo.

Spherical koʻohune ma ka lapaau i kapaia "cocci". Loa pinepine ka mea, e kokoke mai kinona, eia nae i kekahi manawa, he mea no hoi ka'ololaha, me ka pī-hoʻokino microorganisms. Ka mea, hiki e ke aupuni 'ole wale pākahi akā, i loko o hui, ma ke ano o ke kaulahao kumu waina paha.

He nui no ia i ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole ma o ka kanaka kino. No ka laʻana, streptococci i allergies, a me ka staphylococci i kuleana no ka ho okumu ana o purulent a me ka hoʻoʻino keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

Koʻohune-hoʻokino i ka wahie, e ka loa, he pono ole. Mau mea microorganisms i alakai i ka tuberculosis, typhoid ke kuni, ka hī koko.

Kekahi ano o na laau ma lalo o ino? Aneie rula, kuahene spores. Oia koʻohune kapa bacillus.

Spore ho okumu - he loa hana hoihoi a me ka huikau kaʻina, no ka mea, o ka halepaahao hoʻi o kēiaʻano ka loa okoa mai ka maʻamau bacilli. Kēlā me kēia manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē i ke anuanu a me ka paaʻili lahilahi, oiai ka negligible dala o ka wai. Kēia aeea 'Aʻole i pono ka mahuaola, ia pohaku e hoʻoneʻe' a paʻi. Ma keia hakakā e ia i loko o keu no ke ola keia, e like meʻoi aku ko lākou kiʻekiʻe a haahaa ana wela. Akā, i ka wā i hele mai la he maikaʻi nā papa hana no ia, ka mea, hoʻomaka koke kā lākou 'eleu.

loa pinepine i hilo koʻohune i loaʻa i loko o ka palapala o ka comma a curls. Nō kāu, i kēia mau microorganisms i maʻi e like me syphilis a me cholera.

e hiki ke neʻe puni He nui koʻohune, a me ke kōkua o ke flagella o kekahi mau ano a me ka loa, ka mea hana pela.

Koʻohune hoonui ma ka mahele ana. Kēia kaʻina He loa hookeai (kela umikumamalima a hiki i ka iwakalua minuke). Ka hapanui o ka hoʻonuiʻana hiki ke ike ia ma ka ai, a ma ka kekahi papa, a i ke kiʻekiʻe'aiaola waiwai.

nā mea hoʻomaʻi

Nā mea hoʻomaʻi hiki e wahi ana i ka kekahi pūʻulu o ka meaola i mai ole i ke kelepona hele 'ole. Mau ola ano, ua uuku loa, no laila, ka mea hiki ke ike me ka huina'ine microscope wale. Kekahi mau 'ano o nā mea hoʻomaʻi hiki wale komo o nā polokina, a nukelea nāʻakika.

Kela a me keia kanaka ma ka liʻiliʻi koke i loko o kona olaʻalo me na mai, kena ae la ia e kēia mau microorganisms. O nā maʻi palū, hepatitis,ʻo Waimānalo, a he nui nā maʻi.

Fish

Kēia pūʻulu o microorganisms mea i kūikawā. Fish mai i chlorophyll i loko o ka haku mele 'ana, a' aʻole i paka hoʻololi kemikala o ke aloha 'ona. Ka mea, e pono ai i ka hoomakaukau-i ka ai me nā huahana. Ia mea ke kumu o ka fungi pinepine hiki ke loaʻa ma ka momona soils a ma ka ai me nā huahana.

Fish wehewehe aku ma kekahi? Aneii ki ina hana like. Mau nā ole wale moe a me ka asexual iaoia, akā, i vegetatively.

hū

Ka hū i hookahi-aa? Meaola paa, me ka loa like palapala. Aia nō nā puni a me ka'ololaha ano, a me ka makoi a me ka pahikakiwi.

Kēiaʻano o nā microorganisms i hoʻomano haawi. Ka mea, hiki ke loaʻa ma luna o nā mea kanu ma ka lepo, e like me kaʻai, a laila deteriorate. e hiki ke hoʻolilo i nā mahi kō i loko o ke kalapona'okikene lua a me ka waiʻona kekahi o ia mau mea. Kēia kaʻina ua kapaia fermentation. He mea i nui koi i loko o ka meaʻai oihana puolo.

Morphology o microorganisms: koʻohune

It O ke kumukuai o 'ana i kumumanaʻo i ka koʻohune - heʻano o ke ola iʻikeʻia ma luna o mākou Honua loa mua. Lākou ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o ka halepaahao 'ole. Akä naÿe i na eukaryotes (aeee i loaʻa kāna mau 'ōlelo), prokaryotes (koʻohune) mai i apo ia nuclei.

i loaʻa kēia mau microorganisms i loko o nā mea a pau e hele ana o ke ola, a i ka pololei hopena ma luna o kanaka ola like hoʻi.

ʻepekema classify koʻohune i kekahi ma luna o ka loina o ka pili i ka hoʻoponopono. Aia i pono keia mau mea a me ka palapala? Ueo. Pono keia mau mea komo i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ka kāʻamaʻai, i ka maikaʻi ia ma luna o ke kanaka digestive'ōnaehana, a pinepine ia ma ka hana.

Këia microorganisms morphology haawi i kekahi mau manaʻo o ko lākou ola, a no hoi i haawi mai ia lakou i ka manawa e aʻo i ka pomaikai a me ka ia i hoeha mai ia ma kekahi mau wahi, i hiki.

Hae mea koʻohune keena haku o kēia mau eiiiiiaiou:

• I ka wai kokoʻili lahilahi. Kēia hehee ai aeea mea i okoa mai kaʻili lahilahi o eukaryotes.

• Mesosoma - he kūikawā ke keʻena me ka i ia mea hiki ke paʻa i ka halepaahao hereditary mea.

• Nucleotide. Ia mea,ʻaʻole he kino Kernel. Ka mea, na pau na chromosomes.

• Ribosomes - kekahi organelles, e lawe ma kahi he kanaha pakeneka o ka ke kelepona hele a puni.

Ma waho o ka luna hehee wale, he hapa o prokaryotic aeee i ka loaʻa o: he mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku paia, a mucous keena uhi. e hiki ke neʻe kū kaʻawale, a, e hoopili aku ia i ka ili he nui koʻohune. Ka mea, ke hana ia ma ka hoʻohana 'ana i kūikawā flagella a me ka villi.

Ke morphology o microorganisms microbiology nā mea hoʻomaʻi, fungi a me ka hū

Mea hoʻomaʻi - he kūikawā kino, i mea ole ke kelepona hele 'ole. Kēlā me kēia huna ninoieo o kona iwi, e like me ka pono i ke aupuni 'ana ma ka waena konu o ka Kora naʻEsau ike.

Akā, me ka 'ole o na keena o ka fungi Ua oi paʻakikī ma mua ia o nā microorganisms. Ka haku mele 'ana i ka loaʻa o kā lākou aeea nucleus a me vacuoles. E like me ka 'ole, ka mea, ua loa like i ka mea kanu, akā, i kaʻokoʻa shape. Ua nana e like me ka lōʻihi, ai manamana ai filaments kapa hyphae. Nō kāu ia hyphae hana i ka mycelium.

Hū aeee i haku no na kumu a pau o eukaryotes, akā, 'ē aʻe ma mua o ia, ka mea, ua hoʻomaopop' a me ka 'ē aʻe eiiiiiaiou. Lākou kū hoʻokahi waiho i loko o ka mea i ka mea, i na ano o nā holoholona a me nā mea kanu.

pūnao

Morphology a me physiology o microorganisms e leie aku, e maopopo i nā kuʻina nui o ko lākou mau ola. Nā koʻohune ma ka like me ka hou luna 'ola ano, i ka hoʻololi kemikala o lipids, i ka momona, a me nā carbohydrates. Akā, ma ka ia keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o kā lākou mau keena eʻokoʻa.

Haumana i hōʻike 'elua ke ano o na eukaryotes: autotrophs a me heterotrophs.

Keʻano mua Ua hiki ia oe ke synthesize ke aloha waiwai, mai'okanikaʻole i huiʻia, akā, produces o ka lua o ka loli keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ke aloha eiiiiiaiou.

Loa pinepine heterotrophs i parasitic microorganisms. Ka mea, hānai wale i ka lilo ana o māhuaola komo i ke kino o ko lākou poʻe kaua.

Aia mau no hoi saprophytes. Ka mea, i hānaiʻia e make meaola synthesized waiwai.

mall morphology o na microorganisms - ia Aloha nō ka nui loa o këia i ke ola o ka koʻohune. Eia naʻe, ma ka hou ana i ka halepaahao 'ole kekahi e lawe i ka mooolelo o kaʻano o ka pūnao. Constructiveʻano ua, ua kūkā mai ma luna. Aia mea no hoi i ka mana e loaa hou mai.

Haumana i hōʻike 'i kēia mauʻano o ka ikaika:

• Kāʻamaʻai. Kēia kaʻina hana hiki e lawe mai i loko o ke alo o ka oxygen, a me ka ia.

• Fermentation. Kēia ikehu naoh ia lŘlŘ ma muli o ke kaawale ana o nā lātoma i phosphoricʻakika ua hoolilo ia ADP.

• Ha. Microorganisms hiki hanu ole wale no i ka oxygen, akā, no hoi me ke aloha a me ka mea pōhaku i huiʻia.

Aoaao o aaiaoe 'ike

Aia i kekahi mau aoao e hoolilo prokaryotes aaiaoe ike (morphology a me taxonomy o microorganisms mea i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o kēia' atikala). E mākou noʻonoʻo i au mamuli kēlā me kēia o lākou:

• Conjugation - he ano o ka EYI o aaiaoe 'ike mai kekahi meaola i kekahi wale ma kā lākou mau hui';

• Hou '- EYI type, ma i nā mea hāʻawi kaʻana like' ike me nā haka;

• Transduction - i ke ano o ka pololei hoolilo o hereditary mea me ka hoʻohana 'phages.

Nā Papahana O Ka like o ka microorganisms morphology

hana i na ano no ka loa pololei study o ka 'ole o nā prokaryotes like microscopy a me ka i hookohu aku i.

Microscopic epekema no këia microorganisms morphology hua mai ma muli o ka huina'ine a me ka malamalama microscopes. Mau loea, ua ulu mau ki ina hana like, e loaa i ka loa pololei hopena.

Morphological like iaoia mau hiʻohiʻona nō ka microscope, e nānā i ka 'ole o ke keena, e like me ka pono i kona ka hoʻoneʻe, a hiki i ka paʻi.

Physiological hana apono 'e noonoo i ka naoh o na microorganisms i nā stimuli, e like me ka hiki i ke hakuloli i ka mau ana.

Me ka moʻomeheu ano hiki ke lawe mai haʻawina o ka microorganism i loko o ka nutrient meakino. Kēiaʻano hana apono 'e kuhikuhi i ka' auhau no ka ulu a me nā'ōlelo.

Morphology o microorganisms (microbiology) - keia mea he mea nui 'epekema i Pilikanaka koʻohune a me nā hookahi-aa?. Mai Mai manaʻo i wale na koʻohune mea i poino e 'ano a me ke kanaka kino. Aole loa mai ia. Ole ia, ke ola ma ka Honua makemake e hiki ole.