He aha ka mea i ao ai? Philosophical a mau aʻo

Philosophical, kālai'āina, kiʻina aʻo ao ana - keia makahiki hiki ke loaʻa i loko o na mea he nui ma mua,. Akā,ʻaʻohe mea i adjective e kūʻaoʻao ma kaʻaoʻao, me ka papa pukana i loko o kekahi: "? He aha ka keia ao" Ia mea i ka pane mai ia mea, a ua i ke kumuhana o keia Haawina.

terminology

Ma ka manaʻo o "ao" loaʻa paha kekahi mau wehewehena i. Inā o ka manawa, ua noonoo ole i kekahi kaʻina hana no e loaa ka ike i loko o kekahi mau 'wahi i kohoʻia (a me kēia ho'ākāka' ana mea i loaʻa, akā, ma keia hihia, aole ia e pono), a laila, loaʻa nō i koe o nā kēia ho'ākāka o ka mea e like me ke ao ana.

• E ao ana i ka lākou o ka manao o ka pähola 'i loko o kekahi o na mau mea o ka ike.
• E ao ana i na mea he nui i ka manaʻo nui o ka ia thinker i loko o kona poe i waeia ke kahua o ka 'epekema.
• Ao ana e like me ka luna 'tenets o ka ua hoomana (manaoio).

O ka pau hoihoi nō ka mea mua elua. Ka mea, ka hapanui o pinepine pili philosophical, a mau aʻo. E noonoo oe i ka details.

ke akeakamai a

Philosophies i kā lākou kumu i ka loa hoʻomaka o? Acaeoey o ka 'epekema - i kahiko Greece a me ka Roma. Makamua Greek poe akeakamai e like me Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, a me ka Roma -. Cicero a me kekahi poe e ae, hōʻike i ko lākou manaʻo a me ka manaʻo e hana, i loaa mau, e ua ola ia a hiki i kēia lā. Pela i hanaʻia a me nā aʻo o kēia mau hoomaopopo nui.

ano he kumu hoʻohālike philosophies

Ma ka papa o ka hoʻoulu i ka hooulu ana o ke akeakamai a me ka huli 'ana no ka pane no kona ki nīnau (i hele mua: i ka uhane a me ka mea) o ka Naauao ka nui philosophies, i Desha i ole wale i ka manaʻo o ka hookahi mea kākau, akā, i ka hopena, e i ka loaa hanauna o thinkers. Materialism a me ka idealism, e like me na ihola elua o ka pane mai a hiki i ka papa kuhikuhiE ninau, monism, agnosticism, solipsism a me ka hana Lūkini Space Art - kela mea keia mea o lakou, ua wehewehe aku ma kona mau peculiarities, a me ka mea i pili i ka pau papa inoa o ka poe akeakamai.

Akā, me nā aʻo kahiko, ina i kekahi manawa, i ka manaʻo mea manaʻo hua'ōlelo (no ka mea hoike, i ka dialectic), no ke hele mai i ka inoa o ka mea kākau - Socrates, Heraclitus, a me na mea e ae. Naʻe, ka mea i ka hihia mua i loko o ka Middle Ages, a ma ka heyday o Kelemānia philosophical manaʻo. Ke Classic ana o Ua laka a me Hobbes, Nietzscheanism, ma ka 'aoʻao o ka nui o Fridriha Nitsshe. It O ke kumukuai o 'ana i kumumanaʻo ana ia i ka manao uzkonapravlen, eia nae ulu kekahi o ia mau mea ma hope o kona mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā (e like, Neo-Platonism).

Ma kālai'āina: kahiko

Kālaiʻike a me kālai'āina i loko o ka wā o ke kahiko i pili loa ua hoʻopili. He nui no ka poe akeakamai o ka manawa? Ac? Lākou maikaʻi kumu hoʻohālike o ka moku'āina. Mōʻaukala hoʻomanaʻo i nā aʻo o Plato kaʻano o ka ia inoa ( "State"), i loko o ka mea ana i ua hōʻolokeʻaʻia i kona imperfect palapala, a kaumaha aku kona iho terminology. 'Aʻole me ka ike ole i ka manaÿo o ka "aupuni a ka lehulehu", "timocracy" a me nā "..kraty" hang nei no ka mea, o ka wa kahiko Greece. Akä naÿe i ka Hōʻuluʻulu a me ka philosophical kokoke loa i kahi o Pythagoras a me Heraclitus, Plato ua oi ka ikaika a me ka kūlike loa. lei kolona i ua no hoi Aristotle, okioki i ka palapala o ka ke aupuni i ka poʻe noʻonoʻo i ka "pono" a me ka "hewa." Eia naʻe, i loko o ka rationalism, he nui na kapu.

I kālai'āina: ka Middle Ages, a me ka pakebona

Middle Ages hang nei me he hoʻokahi wale nō theocratic kokoke loa i kahi, a me ka kālai'āina, a me ka manaʻo o ka pili ana o ka moku'āina. Ua imbued ia manaʻo a me nā mea a pau ma ka pili ana o ka manawa. Pakahi aku la ia nui he na aʻo o Fomy Akvinskogo, ka mea, i lawekahikiʻia ka manaʻo o Aristotle, ho'āʻo e reinterpret ia i loko o ke Karistiano ano, a hāpai aʻela ma luna o kēia hiʻona.

Ma ka pakebona ia e ke kaulana Niccolo Machiavelli , a me kona hoopii i kākau i ka laila, (aole nae unofficial) luna o Florence, Lorenzo ka nani. Kona hoonoho "Ka Emperor" kekahi mau nō unambiguous manaʻo e pili ana i ka mana pili kalai aupuni. Ke ao ana o Machiavelli e ukuhi i kālai'āina ma luna pono. Interestingly, ka "Emperor" Ua ola i ke kālā no manawa, a hiki e hoʻololi i ka lolouila mana, a 'o ia hoʻi i ka mea hiki ke heluhelu a pau makemake e ike i na aʻo o Machiavelli.

ma ka hopena

I hiki ke ike, i ka wehewehena o ke ao ana i ka lākou o nā manaʻo o ka mea kākau, a me kekahi kahua o kaʻike i ka pono a me kekahi i kekahi, ka mea e pono interrelated, a nolaila correlated. I ka Ia manawa, ia mea no ka mea, o keia oluolu e hooholo ia ia i ke ao ana.

Kālaiʻike a me nā kālai'āina, akā, e ka mea, kuai lilo aku la i loko o nāʻokoʻaʻaoʻao, akā, e kū ma ka kêia kanaka o kekahi, no ka mea, ua iho mai pinepine kālai'āinaʻepekema, mai ka poe thinkers ka poe i olelo ia i ko lakou manao,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o kēia wahi o ka mākaukau.