He aha mea he huinahalike? Pehea e loaʻa vertices mahele pelane helu kaulike, ka leo a me ka footprint o ka huinahalike huina?

Pane ana i ka ninau e pili ana i ka mea i ka huinahalike, hiki ke kau. Ua pau hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka mea a oukou i kakau keia kahe. Ke mele mai nei i ka huinahalike - he 4, 8, 16, 32 mau kaola a me Jazz improvisation. Ke keiki - he he konane me ka mea poepoe a he keiki ka Magazine. Ka mīkini paʻi, e hoouna aku oe e noiʻi i Font nui a me ka lako a pan - metala-pili? Ueo.

He nui no hoi na Hawaiʻi i loko o kēia'ōlelo, akā, i kēia lā mākou, e noi aku i ka ninau o ka makemakika. No laila ...

E hana me keia huahelu, mākou e ke kiʻekiʻe, mai hemahema hoi i ka eiiieaena, a hoʻomaka i ka mōʻaukala o ka huinahalike. E like me konaʻikeʻia, e like me kaʻikeʻia e kanaka, nä känaka 'epekema, mai kekahi aina a me ka maikai ana?

I ka moolelo o ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ka hale

Kahiko honua perceives ka huinahalike,ʻano nui me ka cardinal puan eha. I mau, hoʻowahāwahā i ka nui quads, e like ma ka papa kuhikuhi kahua o ka helu - eha. No ka meaʻAsuria, a me ka Peruvian huinahalike - ka a pau ao nei, i mea, e ho i ka papa kuhikuhiEʻaoʻaoʻehā o ke panana.

O ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa mea e like me ka huinahalike, i puunaueia i eha māhele - ka hihio o North America. No ka mea Celts, ke ke ao holoʻokoʻa - ia mea like ka nui me ekoluʻahā like, kona pūnana aku, a mai ka piko mai o na muliwai eha kahe (!). hoomana aku la ia, a na ko Aigupita a pau i kēia aka!

ho'ākāka 'ia ma mua ma ka makemakika nā papakuhikuhiʻahā like Helene. Akā, no lākou, i kēia iieeaii he io wale 'ano. Pythagoras i i makemake i nui, no ka mea, ia lakou e like me ka nawaliwali a me ka feminine.

O ka hoomana keia huinahalike. Ma Hoʻomana Mohameka, ke Kaaba - i ka piko o ka honua, - mea ole kekahi spherical, o ka cubic shape.

Ma India, i ka papa kuhikuhiE grapheme no ko ka honua a pau, a me ka honua hōʻailona, i rebaptizedʻahā like. Hou, ua e kamailio e pili ana i ka cardinal helu eha, na wahi eha o ka honua.

Ma Kina, ka huinahalike - i ka honua a me ka lokahi kauoha. Chaos ua pio hale ahalike ĸokoĸa ana nä pane. A huinahalike kākauʻia i loko o ka poai nei, o ke kumu o ka ike ana i ke ao nei, symbolizing i ke kuʻikahi, a me ka pili ana o na cosmos a me ka Honua.

Pagan Rusia - Square Svarog. Kēia hōʻailona ua i kapaia Svarog Star a me Star o Rusia. O nani huikau, e like me ka i mai o intersecting a me ka paʻa laina. Svarog - akua o blacksmiths, i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea nāna i hana, i ka mea nāna i hana, a me ka lewa ia iho i loko o ka hōʻike o Rus. Kēia hōʻailona o ka rhombus, i hou olelo o ka Honua a me konaʻaoʻaoʻehā. A me ka hoku me ka eha kukuna - 4 kihi o ka honua, Lika Svaroga 4 - kona omniscience. A Ray kuʻina - waena.

Mea kūʻiʻo hoihoi e pili ana i ka hale

Ka loa kaulana hopuna'ōlelo e hele mai i ka manaʻo o ko mākou protagonist - "Black Square".

Malevich ka kiʻi nō loa mahalo. Ka mea kākau ma hope o kona hanaia'na ua lōʻihi, waiho wale aku i ka ninau o ka mea ia mea a me ke kumu i kekahi meaʻeleʻele hale ma luna o ka keʻokeʻo kāʻei kua no laila, ua kokoke mai maliu ia iho.

Akā, inā e lawe ke kokoke nana pono, oe e hai i ka huinahalike pelane mea e malimali, a ma na mawae o kaʻeleʻele ka inika mea he lākou o ka nunui-i nā pōpō malu. Apparently, ma ka hoʻomaka ua i kekahi haku mele 'ana, a me ka mea kākau i ole makemake, a ua moe ihola ia, mai ko kakou mau maka a hiki i keia aka. Black huinahalike like i kekahi mea - heʻeleʻele puka, wale i ke kilokilo huinahalike shape. A ole ua ike ia,ʻo ...

Kekahi mea kaulana "kilokilo kihikihiʻo". I mea ia mea - he papa, o ka papa, ua piha oia i ka hale me ka nui i loko o kēlā me kēia kolamu. Ka huina o kēia mau helu o ka ia no nā mea a pau lalani, kolamu a me diagonals (kaawale). Inā na diagonals i eliminated mai ka helu kaulike, i ka huinahalike - semimagic.

Albrecht Dürer i ka 1514 i hana mai i ka pena "Melancholia I", a depicted he 4x4 kilokilo ahalike. Ua helu i ka nui o nā kolamu, lalani, diagonals, a hiki i ka pā hale i loko o kanakolu-eha.

Ma ke kumu o kēia mau papa, he nui loa, a hoihoi 'kaulana Puzzle - "Sudoku".

ua i ka mea mua, e lawe mai interconnection laina helu (la aku o ka hanau) a me ke ano kāna moʻolelo, nā mea hiki a me nā tālena o ke kanaka i kaʻAigupita. Pythagoras i keia ike, mau hoʻokō ', a hoonoho iho la ma ka huinahalike. Ka hopena ua he huinahalike no Pythagoras.

Ua loaʻa he hookaawale wahi i loko o numerology. Mai ka la aku o ka hanau ana o kekahi kanaka o ia mau hōʻailona ma ka hoʻokuʻi i ka papa kuhikuhiE helu eha i i waihoia ma Pythagoras Square (huinahalike). A ua waiho mai i ka mea huna 'ike e pili ana i kou ikehu, ola, talena, loaa, temperament a me nā mea ma luna o nā shelves. Ma awelika, me ka pololei o ke ana, he 60% -80%.

He aha mea he huinahalike?

Square i kapaia ka geometric huahelu. Kinona ahalike - quadrilateral, a ua like aoao a me ka pana pua. More kaʻoi loa, ka quadrangle kapaia pololei.

Ka huinahalike i kona hoailona. Ka mea, e:

• aoao o ka like loa;
• like pana pua ma waena o lakou iho - pololei (90 degere).

No ka mea, no kēia mau 'ano a me nā hiʻona o ka hana huinahā p ÷ ai hiki ke kākauʻia, a ua kakau ia a puni ona. Ke circumscribed kaiapili ka tangent ia a pau o kona vertices kākauʻia - i ka waena o kona aoao. Lākou pulakaumaka e coincide me ka waena konu o ka hale, a e kaʻana i kona diagonally ma ka hapalua. Ka la mahope, i ka huli, e like me ka mahele i nā kihi o ka hale i loko o like.

One diagonal i hookaawale ai i ka hale i loko o nā isosceles triangle mauna, ke mau - i eha.

Penei, ina o ka lōʻihi o nāʻaoʻao o ka huinahalike - t, ka lōʻihi o ke kahahńnai o ka circumscribed p ÷ - R, a me ka kakauia - R, laila

• he huinahalike kumu āpana 'oleʻahā like (S) wahi mea like i S = T ² = 2R ² = 4r ^2;

• he huinahalike anapuni P E ke ho omaulia ma ka haʻilula P = 4t = 4√2R = 8r;

• ka lōʻihi o ke kahahńnai o ka p ÷ ai R = (√2 / 2) Halau;

• kakauia - R = na / 2.

A huinahalike kumu āpana mea nō hiki i ka hoʻomaulia, ua ike hoi oia i konaʻaoʻao (i ka) a me ka lōʻihi o kona diagonal (c), a laila, e hōʻike i ka haʻilula niioaaonoaaiii: S = a ² a me S = 1 / 2c ^2.

He aha ka ka huinahalike, ua loaʻa mākou. E ka lawe i ka pilina nana i nā mea kiko'ī, no ka mea, o ka huahelu o ka huinahalike o ka symmetrical rectangle. He meaʻelima o nā koʻi lipi o symmetry, a me kekahi (hā-mea) ae ma ke kikowaena a me ka mea p ÷ haku i ka pelane o ka huinahalike, a me ka eha e ae -, a oi papalua symmetry iho (axis), elua o lakou e ia laua i na aoao, a me elua hou e hele ma ka diagonal o ka huinahalike.

Nā Papahana O Ka kūkulu i ka huinahalike

Ma muli o ka ho'ākāka 'ana, ka mea nani ia, aohe mea i hiki pono ma mua, e kūkulu i ka huinahalike hemolele. He oiaio, akā, ma luna o ke kūlana ana au i nā mea a pau i ke ana i na mea paahana. A ina i kekahi mea,ʻaʻole i loaʻa?

E ka nana aku i ka na kiʻina hana, a e kōkua iā mākou i kūkulu i kēia aka.

Ana i alii, a hoonoho iho la kuea - kēia mau mea i ka papa kuhikuhi hana ma i oe hiki loa ke puana kūkulu he ahalike.

Ma mua, e koho i ka wahi, e olelo A, mākou e kūkulu ma luna ia o ka huinahalike kumu.

E ho ohana i ke aliʻi, ae mai ia i ka akau i ka mamao like me ka lōʻihi o kaʻaoʻao, no ka laʻana 30 mm o, a hoonoho iho la i ka wahi B.

Ano, mai ka mau kumu, ka hoʻohana 'ana gon p ÷ swipe mai i ka 30 mm o kēlā me kēia. Ma na welau o ka p ÷ haku i nui C me D, a e pili ana i kekahi i kekahi, ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi alii - a pau huinahalike ABCD me kaʻaoʻao 30 mm o makaukau!

E ho ohana i ka lula a me ka protractor mea i kokoke oluolu e kükulu i kekahi ahalike. Omaka, e like me ia ma ka hihia mua i ka hua'ōlelo, no kekahi laʻana N, ae mai kona papamoe wā mawaena, no ka laʻana 50 mm o. E kau i ka wahi O.

Ano, i ka piko o ka protractor hoʻohui me ka wahi H, i ka checkbox i loko o ka huina ⁰ 90, therethrough, a me ka wahi H hana vertical Hoʻohana 50 mm o ma kona hope me ka wahi P. Eia, ma kēiaʻaoʻao kūkulu i ke kolu o ka Hoʻohana mai ka wahi O ma ka huina o 90 ⁰ o 50 mm o, e ia hopena wahi P. hoʻohui i nä kiko R a me R. oe ua huli OGMFʻahā like me kaʻaoʻao lōʻihi o 50 mm o.

He mea hiki, e kükulu i kekahi huinahalike, hoʻohana wale panana a me ka straightedge. Inā 'oe i nui ka nui o ka hale, a ua ike no ka lōʻihi o kaʻaoʻao, ka mea e pono hou a me ka m'kini helu.

No laila, i ka mua wahi E - keia, e ia ia no na vertices o ka huinahalike. Next, koho i ka wahi i kahi mea e e ke aupuni 'e ku pono ana vertex F, oa kali diagonal HEDGEHOG kou huahelu. Inā e kūkulu kekahiʻahā like me ka nui, a me ka lōʻihi o kaʻaoʻao, e huli i ka lōʻihi o ka diagonal o ka haʻilula:

b = √2 * i, ma kahi o ka -ʻaoʻao lōʻihi.

Once oe i ka lōʻihi o ka diagonal lōʻihi o ka hedgehog kūkulu i kēia nui. Mai wahi E me ka caliper i loko o ka olelo o kaʻoi F unuhi i ka semicircle o ke kahahńnai o hedgehog. Ma ka mea ku ole, mai kaʻoi F - semicircle i ka wahi E,ʻo ia ke kahahńnai o. Ma ke kuʻina wahi o kēia mau kalaka nui-koʻikoʻi a hanohano, ka hoʻohana 'ana i kekahi luna, e kahaki ii ka Hoʻohana loulou. Hedgehog a GI intersect ma pono pana pua a me diagonals nō i ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka huinahalike. Hoʻohui i nä kiko UOM, IL, ZHZ a me WE me ka luna, oe e loaa ka kākauʻia huinahalike EIZHZ.

He nō hiki i kükulu i ka hale me kekahi laina. He aha mea he huinahalike? Kēia pelane hapa kau palena ia ana e intersecting Hoʻohana (laina kukuna). Nolaila, ua hiki ke kūkulu i ka hale ma luna o nā wahi o kona vertices. First huki iho Y.. ʻaoʻao o ka huinahalike ke moe ma luna o ia mau mea, a me ke kuʻina o ka diagonals o ka piko coincides me ka wahi o ka molekumu o - ia hilinaʻi nui ma luna o kou makemake 'ole pilikia ana. Paha kou huahelu e e kaulike mai ka iho (axis) ma ka kekahi mamao. Ma kekahi hihia, i ka mua hoailona o laulā Hawaiʻi (randomly paha conditionally), i ka i elua mauʻai, a lailaʻoe eʻike eʻaoʻao lōʻihi o ka huinahalike. Mākou ke manawa e huli i ka wahi o ka i koe mau vertices, e hoomanao hoi i na aoao o ka hale e like i kekahi i kekahi, aʻo ia laua. Ka hope ka anu u - hoʻohui i nā kiko kona kiʻi ma ka hopena ua me kekahi i kekahi me ke alii.

He aha e na mika pāhoʻonui lua?

Square - he aka pono hoakaka a me ka pololei kaupalena 'kā lākou mau wehewehe, no laila, na ano o kihikihiʻo e ole oko' ano.

Keʻahā like Euclidean anahonua ua ike ma nā kaiāulu - he quadrilateral me ka like aoao a me nā kihi, akā, i ka degere o ka pana pua ua ole i hoakaka ia. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka pana pua i e 120 degere ( "convex" kuea), a, no kekahi laʻana, 72 degere ( "concave" ahalike).

Inā 'oe i noi mai ka mea i ka hale ma ka anahonua paha' epekema, ka mea, e hai aku oe ia - ia mea he piha paha planar pakuhi (kolamu K ₁ ma K _4). A ka mea, Aloha loa oiaio. Ka helu i vertices a me nā lua penei. A hiki aku ka mea, e hele mai i loko o ke kauoha mau, hana i ka pakuhi. Ka helu o nā vertices - keia mea i ka mea o ka pakuhi, ka helu o ke kihi - kona nui. Penei, ka huinahalike - he planar pakuhi me ka eha vertices a me nā kihi a eono, a me K _4: 6.

ʻaoʻao o ka huinahalike

Kekahi o na kumu olelo no ke ola ana o ka huinahalike - i ke alo o ka like-lōʻihiʻaoʻao - e kaʻaoʻao mea nui loa no keʻano o ka ho. Akā, i ka mea ia manawa e hoʻolako i na aoao a hiki i ka huinahalikeʻaoʻao lōʻihi i mau hōʻailona i loko o ke alo o ke ākeaʻano o ke kumu aeaiiuo.

No laila, pehea e imi i ka waiwai o ka hale?

• Inā 'oe i wale i ka lōʻihi o ka diagonal o ka huinahalike D, alaila oe e hoʻomaulia i ka olelo o ke kēia haʻilula: i = D / √2.
• Ke anawaena o ka kākauʻia p ÷ o kaʻaoʻao o kaʻahā like, a, no laila, palua ka kahahńnai, i mea: a = D = 2R.
• Ke kahahńnai o ka p ÷ ai hiki i kōkua pohihihi mai ka mea ma kaʻaoʻao o ka huinahalike. Mākou e loaʻa i ka ke kahahńnai o R ke anawaena D, a, ma ka huli, ua like me ka diagonal o ka huinahalike n, a me ka haʻilula no ka diagonal o ka hale ma ua ike: he = D / √2 = D / √2 = 2R / √2.
• Mai ka like o ka mea hoʻohuʻu e aʻoʻaoʻao o ka huinahalike (i) Ua hiki ma ka mea o kona anapuni P a me ka wahi S: i = √S = P / 4.
• Inā mākou i ka lōʻihi o ka laina e hele mai ke kihi o ka hale a me nā keʻa i ka waena o ka piliʻaoʻao C, i ka mai kekahi e hiki i ka loaʻa mai ka mea i ka lōʻihi o kaʻaoʻao o ka huinahalike: i = 2c / √5.

A pehea na aoao he nui ma laila nō e ike ia he nui aiao like ka lōʻihi o ka huinahalike.

ka leoʻahā like:

Ka hopuna'ōlelo ia mea absurd. He aha mea he huinahalike? He He pelane huahelu me elua wale kiko'î - ka lōʻihi a me ka laula. A me ka buke? Kēia mea he laupaʻi characterization o ka wa e ku ma ka mea,ʻo ia hoʻi, ka mea hiki ke pōpilikia wale ma ka buke kino.

Hoʻopuni i ke kino, a pau o kona mau maka, he kihikihiʻo - ke kupa. I loko nō o ka alahula mau a me nā paepae kahua like, nā haumāna pinepine ho'āʻo e hoʻomaulia i ka buke o ka huinahalike. Inā ia ka kekahi pani ihola ma hope, i ka Nobel waiwai pio ua hoomakaukau ai.

A e loaʻa mai i ka buke o ke kupa V, ia mea lawa paha kana e hoonui a pau ekolu o kona mau iwiaoao ona - he, e, pela aku: V = ka * e * c. A mahope mai o ka mea, e ho'ākāka 'ana ma ka like, ka haʻilula e nānā okoa: V = he ^3.

Values māhele a me nā 'ano

Ka huinahalike, e like me kekahi iieeaii, he mea ka luna - keia mea i ka wahi ma i ke kea o ia ia. I ka luna o ka huinahalike moe ma luna o ka hoa kanaka i ho'ākāka 'ia a puni ia. Ma ka luna mawaena konu o ka hale i loko o ka diagonal kŰlń ao, i mea i ka bisector, a me ka ke kahahńnai o ka circumscribed p ÷ ai.

Mai ka huinahalike - he palahalaha huahelu, a laila, oki, a kūkulu i ka huinahalike keʻa-pauku mea,ʻaʻole hiki. Akā, ka mea, i ia i ka hopena o ke kuʻina o na mea he nui bulky kino pelane. No ka laʻana, he paukūʻolokaʻa. Iho māhele o ka paukūʻolokaʻa - he rectangle a ahalike. Oia hoi, heʻahā like ke hiki ma ke kuʻina o ka pelane o ke kino i kekahi huina!

Akā, ma ka huinahalike, he mea kekahi e pili ana i ke kea pauku, akā,ʻaʻole i kekahi, akā, me ka pauku gula.

Mākou a pau ike i ka Golden Lākiō - ka lākiō i loko i kekahi waiwai pili i kekahi, e like me kā lākou huina i ka nui loa. I ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo, keia pakeneka Ua like penei: ka olua waiwai (dala) Ua puunaueia ka 62 a me ka 38 pakeneka.

Ka pauku gula ka loa mahalo. Ua Ua hoʻohana 'ia i loko o ka manao, kuhikuhipuʻuone,ʻo anywhere, a hiki i loko o ka hoʻokele waiwai. Akā, ia mea,ʻaʻole wale nō ka like ana loko e Pythagoras. Aia hoi, no ka mea hoike, i ka hōʻike "√2". Ma kona kumu i ka hana o ka hōʻeuʻeu rectangles, a ma ka huli e Mamua format Ka hui A (A6, A5, A4, etc.). No ke aha lā mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i hōʻeuʻeu rectangles? No ka mea, i ko lakou? Ieoaeunoai hoʻomaka me ka ahalike.

Ae, mua oe pono e kūkulu i ka hale ma. Konaʻaoʻao, e like me kaʻaoʻao uuku o ka rectangle o ka wā e hiki mai. A laila, e pono e paa i ka diagonal o ke kuea a me ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka panana, i ka lōʻihi o ka diagonal e ka hailonaʻana i ka mau nō lā hoʻi o ka hale. Mai ka wahi i loaa mai ma ke kuʻina e kūkulu i kekahi rectangle kona diagonal hou kūkulu a me ka hailonaʻana kona loihi ma kaʻaoʻao .po. Inā 'oe e hoʻomau e hana ma keia ano, e loaa no i ka mea hōʻeuʻeu rectangles.

Ka lākiō o ka lōʻihiʻaoʻao i pokole ka rectangle mua o 0,7. He aneane 0,68 i loko o ka pauku gula.

Nā kihi o ka hale

Maoli, i kekahi mea hou, e olelo aku e pili ana i ka pana pua, he pilikia. A pau o ka waiwai, ka mea, i kekahi hoailona o ka huinahalike, mākou i helu. Like no ke kihi,ʻehā o ia (i loko o kekahi quadrangle), kēlā me kēia kihi o ka huinahalike - pololei ka laina, i ua, i ka nui o kanaiwa degere. Ma ka ho'ākāka 'ana, aia no he mau huinahń huinahalike. Inā i nā kihi o ka nui a uuku - keia mea he okoa aka.

Diagonal o ka huinahalike ua puʻunaueʻia i loko o ka hapalua o kona mau kihi, oa ka mea, i na bisectors.

huinahalike helu kaulike

Inā pono, e hoʻomaulia i ka waiwai o ka okoa nui i loko o ka huinahalike (huinahalike anapuni ka loa o na aoao a me na diagonals) hoʻohana okoa nā helu kaulike, i i loko mai o ka waiwai o ka huinahalike, a me ka walaʻauʻana kanawai o ka anahonua rula.

1. helu kaulikeʻahā like 'āpana

Mai na nā helu kaulike e hoʻomaulia i ka quadrilateral wahi, ua ike ia ia (i ka wahi) o ka huina hoonui o ka loa a me ka laula. A like ka huinahalikeʻaoʻao like ka lōʻihi, ka wahi ia, e like me ka lōʻihi o kekahiʻaoʻao, kūkuluʻia i loko o ka lua o ka degere

S = He ^2.

E ho ohana i ka Pythagorean theorem, ua hiki e huli i ka wahi o ka huinahalike ike ana i ka lōʻihi o ka diagonal.

S = b ^2/2.

2. ka helu kaulike o ka huinahalike anapuni

Ke anapuni o ka huinahalike, like hoʻi me nā mea a pau quadrangles, ua like me ka huina o ka lōʻihi o kona aoao, a no ka mea, i nā mea a pau i ka ia, ka mea hiki e mai la oia i ke kahua o ke anapuni o ka lōʻihi o ka hapa, hoonuiia ka eha

P = He + he + ka + i = 4a.

Hou Pythagorean theorem kōkua iā mākou, e huli i ke anapuni ma ka diagonal. He mea pono i ka manaʻo i ka diagonal loa hoonuiia e mau aa o elua

P = 2√2d

3. helu kaulike diagonal o ka huinahalike

Diagonal o ka huinahalike e like e intersect ma'ākau, pana pua, a mahele ae la i ke kuʻina wahi o elua.

Oe ke loaʻa iā lākou ma luna o ke kumu o ka mea ma luna o nā helu kaulike o ka wahi a me ka anapuni o ka huinahalike

b = √2 * ka, D = √2S, b = P / 2√2

Aia mau aoao, e loaʻa mai ka mea i ka lōʻihi o ka diagonal o ka huinahalike. Ke kahahńnai o ka p ÷ ai kākauʻia i loko o ka huinahalike ia mea like no ka hapalua o ka diagonal, mai keia wahi aku

b = √2D = 2√2R, kahi D - anawaena, a me R - ke kahahńnai o ka kākauʻia p ÷ ai.

Ike i ka ke kahahńnai o ka circumscribed p ÷ ai, ho omaulia diagonal e hiki, no ka mea, o ke anawaena, a laila b = D = 2R.

Ua mea i hiki, e hoʻomaulia i ka lōʻihi o ka diagonal, e ike ana i ka lōʻihi o ka laina e hele mai ana mai loko mai o ke kihi a hiki i ka waenakonu o ka huinahalike C: D = √8 / 5 * C.

Akā, mai hoʻopoina i ka huinahalike - he pelane'āina lā, kau palena ia ana e intersecting laina eha.

No ka laina (a ua hana ano e) ka mea, ua lawa nā helu kaulike mai i koi hou hōʻike, akā, i ka laina mea ole. A i kaupalena 'polygons laina kuʻina. No ia mea, ua hiki ke hoʻohana laina kaulike e hui i ka wā pololei o ka laina. Akā, he mea pono i ke koho 'ia i nā mea kiko'î, aku ana.

E hoʻoholo i nā polygons ia mea pono e hana ia i helu kaulike i makemake e wehewehe i ka laina akā, he kaawale ākeʻakeʻa kumu wā mawaena 'ia i nā hua'ōlelo a me nā wehewehena.

_{[X / m au] * [} m? I / m] * y me au - keia mea he kūikawā helu kaulike no polygons.

mea he fractional hapa o ka helu i kaʻahā like brackets i loko o ka mea, wahi a hiki i ka koe ana, i mea, e haʻalele mākou wale nō ka mea a pau helu. y me _au - i kekahi kuleana pili i i mea ma ka laulā o ka aiao m i m _i.

E ho ohana i keia helu kaulike, ua hiki ke loaa i kekahi hou helu kaulike e hoʻomaulia i ka loihi, a me ka laina oia hoi o kekahi mau Hoʻohana. He He hoʻokumu paʻa, paʻa no polygons.

E hoomanao i ka huinahalike - ia ka hapa o ka pelane, no laila kona hōʻikeʻano o keʻano y me = f (x) hiki ke poe, ka hapanui pinepine wale me he nunui-kuaiia hana, a, ma ka huli, hiki ke kaheaia ma unambiguous ina hoike hoi ia laua parametrically, i mea e kaukaʻi ma ka he aiao, t:

He m = f (k), y me = f ( 'ole).

No laila, ina ia i loko o ka huipūʻana ao helu kaulike a me ka parametric e hoohalike ai, ia mea maoli e hiki ke loaa ka helu kaulike no ka hōʻike o nā polygons:

He m = ((A2 + A3) * A5 + A4 * P) * Cos (L)

y me = ((A1 + A4) * A5 + A3 * P) * Sina lakou i hele (L),

kahi

A1 = [1 / [T / P]] * [T / P]; A2 = [2 / [T / P]] * [[T / P] / 2]; A3 = [3 / [T / P]] * [[T / P] / 3]; A4 = [4 / [T / P]] * [[T / P] / 4]; A5 = TP * [T / P],

kahi P - diagonal o ka rectangle, L - i ka huina o ka inclination i ka papamoe, diagonal P, T - aiao e loli iki ana ma ka laulā P i 5P.

Inā L = 3,14 / 4, alaila o ka helu kaulike e wehewehe mika pāhoʻonui lua o okoa nui like 'ole, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka nui o ka diagonal P.

Ka hoʻohana o ka huinahalike

I keia la o ka honua o ka 'ike loea hou ae oe, e paʻa likeʻole nāʻahā like kinona, a oi kaʻoi loa heʻahā like keʻa pauku.

He pili kēia maikaʻi, ho'ēmi, oi mau nō a me ka lua pele. No laila, e hana ʻahā like paipu, puʻu, uea (pilina), a hiki i ka huinahalike pae.

Main pono e maopopo, ka mea i hele mai mai o kula haʻahaʻaa anahonua. Me ka hookahi dala o ka kākauʻia pōʻai o ka huinahalike wahi uuku ma mua o ka wahi i loko i ka mea i komo ai, nolaila, throughput a me ka mana hokii o ka huinahalike Tube o huinahalike kaula e e oi aku ma mua o ia o ka puni analogs.

Pinepine consumablesʻahā like hou aesthetically oluolu a me ka oluolu, e hana, e hoʻouka, mauna.

Ka wā koho kēia mau mea ia mea nui, e pono e huli i kaʻahā like keʻa-pauku i ka uea 'ole hōkiokio ku i ka pono e haawe. Ma kēlā me kēia hihia, o ka papa, e e pono ai kiko'î e like me he ikaika a me ka puʻe, akā, me ka walaʻauʻana geometric rula o ka huinahalike hiki ole ke hana 'aneʻi. Oiai o ka nui o ka huinahalike pauku ua ole oukou i kaʻu mea pōpilikia i kohoia e ka haawiia kiko'î o na papa i mai hoa no kela hana.