He aha nā koʻohune a me kā lākou kūlana ma ke ano maoli

A puni o ka hopena o ke kenekulia XIX, hoomaka ae laʻepekema e loaa ka ike e pili ana i na oko ma waena o prokaryotic a me ka eukaryotic halepaahao , a no laila, i nā anao? Aou kekahi aupuni kaawale o ka meaola, hui nele o differentiation o na keena, - Protista. Naʻe, i ka mea a ka koʻohune i ia manawa ka mea wale nō i ka noiʻi i: wale nō i loko o ka XX kenekulia. keia ike i ua systematized. Nā koʻohune i waiho i loko o nā hana kūpono, a mea hiki ke kūkulu i ke aloha ia mea. Ka mea, tolerate kiʻekiʻe a me ka haahaa mahana,'ōmiko a me kaʻakika. Penei, i ke aupuni o ka koʻohune noho ole wale i loko o ka papa, i kahi o ka mea, decompose ke aloha mea no kā lākou 'eleu, akā, i densely populates na mea he nui o ka mucous membranes o nā holoholona a me nā kānaka, kōkua i hōʻuluʻulu ai, a me ka hoʻokūkū ana me pathogens. No nui kā lākou kūlana ma ka naikokene pūnao, mai cyanobacteria i hiki ke lawelawe wale nō ka lewa naikokene. Naʻe, kekahi koʻohune i ka causative konohiki o ka maʻi: rinderpest, anaerobic a me intestinal nā mea palahēhē, syphilis, cholera a me ka anthrax.

morphology

Ultrastroenie koʻohune hiki i ka huina'ine microscope wale, nae, i na koʻohune, a pehea e nana i ka waho, e hiki ke ike a me ka puka microscopy hoʻohana kūikawā i hookohu aku i 'ana i kūpono. Ana o kēia mau microorganisms ke ĸokoĸa ana nä pane mai 0,1 a hiki i 10 microns, akā, e leie aku ka morphology o ka koʻohune e māhelehele au iā lāua i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE pūʻulu ekolu: spherical - cocci (mono-, nā mea hōʻoia a me ka tetra-, streptococci a me ka sartsiny), ke koʻokoʻo o - bacilli (mono-, diplo- , streptococci) a me ka hoʻoluli - vibrio, spirilla a me spirochetes. Ma lalo o keʻena hoʻokolohua kūlana, e hooholo i keʻano, a ua ulu ka waiwai o ka'ūhū ma maʻamau 'ole kūikawā nutrient Media ma panalaau ia ho okumu, a ma kekahi hana kūpono, a i ka mea, heʻokoʻa kumu o ka ulu ana.

'ole

Ma mau, mea koʻohune hoʻoholo lākou ultrastructure. Mawaho hoana koʻohune ke kelepona hele pa, oia hoi o ka papa o peptidoglycan, teichoicʻakika a me ka lipid. Lehulehu mua e hoʻoholo i ka hiki ana o na koʻohune Gram iaʻi lakou ma ka hana i loko o ka haukaʻe i, e like me a mea i hoʻolaha ma Gy + a me kaʻole. Kekahi o ia i nā aiiay 'ole - he mea hōʻikeʻikeʻuʻuku i loaʻa ka K antigen, a ua ālai' kā lākou phagocytosis loko microorganism,ʻawahia 'ole, a me mechanical aʻe. E aʻo hou aku e pili ana i mea na koʻohune, ia mea pono e noiʻi i kā lākou intracellular 'ole: i piha me ka cytoplasm, a ua hoʻopau' ē aʻe organelles (ribosomes, chromatophores) a me ka hoʻi o māhuaola (lipids, kōpaʻa) ka koʻohune. Kēia, e like a pau prokaryotes i i hoopuka ia i ka nucleus, a ua waiho i ka aaiaoe 'ike i loko o papalua-ili nukeleaʻakika lātoma? Aniiei? I loko o ka wahi o ka nucleoid, a paa i kaʻili lahilahi ma kekahi wahi. Ma kela aoao o kona aaiaoe ike ua hookomoia ma ka plasmid a hiki hooholo ka waiwai a me ka ulu ana o pathogenic aʻe. No ka neʻe ka mea, hana flagella a me ka spirillum, paa ma ka halepaahao basal kino, a me kā lākou'ōlelo lŘlŘ ma ka mahele ana i ka mau.