He aha nō nā kuʻina i loko o ka ulu hele lehulehu? O ka papa kuhikuhi kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o? Acaeoey o ke kuikahi

He aha nō nā kuʻina i loko o ka ulu hele lehulehu? Ma mua, olelo aku keia ninau, ua e hoailona oukou i ka kaiapili-mōʻaukala ulu o ka mea - mea heʻaoʻao nui kaʻina, ia mea paʻakikī loa. Ua lŘlŘ ma luna o ke au 'ano lōʻihi o ka mōʻaukala a me nā kālai'āina, loio, waiwai,' imi naʻauao, uhane, pono a me ka nui 'ē eiiiiiaiou mea e i kekahi ano hoopono. Ua nui naʻauao Ua ho'āʻo, e haawi aku i ko lakou pane ana i ka ninau o ka mea u ke kaiāulu kanaka, i loko o kona ulu ana. Ma kēia 'atikala i ka hoʻokumu paʻa kumumanaʻo, a me ka Mea Maluna i manaoia ma ka maikaʻi-ike noiʻi ma ke kumuhana mākou noonoo.

Specificity o ka sociological study o ka mōʻaukala? Acaeoey o ke kuikahi

A sociological like o kēia manaʻo mea pilikia, mua no ka mea, mea paakiki i ka hoomaopopo maoli nohona kēia lākiō. I paʻakikī e hooholo i ka maʻiʻo o ka manaʻo o "nohona kūpono 'ana" i loko o ka papa o ka mōʻaukala kaʻina. A pau keia pono ia e hana ma ka mea e pane i ka nīnau: "? He aha nō nā kuʻina i loko o ka ulu hele ke kaiāulu kanaka," Noiʻi pele i kia koʻu noonoo ana i ka nohona a me ka mōʻaukala? Acaeoey o ka nohona kanaka. Ka mea hiki ke hana me he kanaka, he kekahi kaiāulu (e like Russian), e like me ka pono me ka pūʻulu o poe (ka Amelika Lakina, Europa), i ka lāhui kanaka, ka nohona pae, kaiapili kula (i ka 'ohana, ka hoʻonaʻauao aupuni e), he nohona hui. Ua hiki no hoi ia i kekahi me ka hui pu ana o (na oicyenoaaiiie hana, poe pili aupuni, kuai-hanalima poe). Eia naʻe, ua i hoihoi wale nō i loko o ka ninau o ka ano o ke kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao i loko o kona ulu ae ke kaiāulu kanaka, me ka a pau.

Noho maikai ana, a me ka 'ano o ka nohona

Ka mea nui e ulu i loko o ka nohona sciences o ka kaiapili-mōʻaukala ulu ana o ke kaiāulu kanaka, e like me ka integral kaiapili naehana. O ka holo ana, ia oia no ka hooulu ana o kēia papa, ka nohona pūʻulu, hui, a papa hana, a me ka noho 'ana. Eia naʻe, ma kēlā me kēia kahua o kona pono a me ka mōʻaukala? Acaeoey o ka ua ahakanaka ia mea ano hoopono, no ka mea, i ka Ka Ikepili a me ka ano e ana hoʻohana kekahi mau manaÿo. Ka mea hiki ke maheleia i mau pūʻulu - ". 'Ano o ke kaiāulu kanaka," "ka noho" a me ka Këia mau manaÿo i emi iho ka qualitative moku'āina ma kekahi mau kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o kaiapili-mōʻaukala ulu. Ka mea, Pono, e ke ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka mea, e haawi aku i ka pane ana i ka ninau: "? He aha nō nā kuʻina paʻa poʻe i loko o kona ulu ana"

Ka manawa " 'ano o ke kaiāulu"

Ma lalo o kēia manaʻo 'o ia hoʻi ke ano o mall naehana (kulanui, ka nohona pūʻulu, ka noho' ana, etc.), interacting me kekahi i kekahi, a interconnected e kekahi nohona ideals kūmau Hawaiʻi, he pono ole ia ia.

Aia i acee? Iuo oeiia o ka Mea Maluna nā kaiapili. The loa kula haʻahaʻaa - kā lākou mau mahele i loko o na mea a me ka eiiieaena. ʻO kona kua i ka 19th kenekulia laila'ōlelo akula ia Herbert Spencer.

Mea Maluna Spencer

Ke paneʻana i kekahi ninau ma ka u ke kaiāulu kanaka, a hele i loko o kona ulu ana, ua kau aku i nā kānakaʻepekema i ka nānā i nā kaiapili e neʻe ana me ka manawa ma ke ano o ka ai-kapaia indefinite homogeneity i loko o ke ku pono - i kekahi heterogeneity, me ka mahuahua hoʻohui 'a me ka differentiation o ke kanaka, ka nohona hoahanau a me ka moʻomeheu. Koke, ua e hoailona oukou i ka mahele o loa conditional. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, a hiki i ka loa alodio lehulehu - he loa luna 'meaola. Pela hoi, aole i emi ahuwale ka mea e pili ana i ka primitive oihana o ke kaiāulu i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ka hiki mua, no ka mea hoike, i ka ulu ana o kēia. Nolaila, Spencer ka Mea Maluna ka loa paʻewa ai.

I ka mahele o ke kaiāulu i loko o ka hanalima a me ka hana kuʻuna

Akā, Spencer ua i ka mea wale kekahi i ka pane ana i ka ninau nana i haawi mai: "? He aha nō nā kuʻina paʻa poʻe i loko o kona ulu ana" Kekahi o ka loa, he pono ole ma kahi loihi o ka Mea Maluna ua kālaiʻia e Comte, K. Saint-Simona, Emile Durkheim a me nā sociologists mahele i loko o hanalima a me ka hana kuʻuna. I hookuu i ka manaʻo o "kuʻuna ke kaiāulu kanaka," ua hoʻohana 'ia e hoʻohuli i ke kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao' ana, i mea mālama '-capitalist. Ia mea he ohi ana o kanaka i keia manawa i ole i ulu hanalima eiiieaena. Ua Ua nānā pili kēia ma luna o ka hoʻokele waiwai mahiʻai. Oia ke kaiāulu mea immobile socially. Mai hanauna aku ia hanauna kumu hoohalike o ka hana a me ka kuʻuna ano o ke ola pū i hikiʻaneʻane ua hoʻololiʻia. Ka hopena o ka industrialization mea hanalima lehulehu. Ua paha ke urbanization, nuipa aʻike heluhelu, 'oihana specialization. Oia ka ke kaiāulu kanaka, ua ma muliʻano nui ma luna o ka hoʻokele waiwai hanalima. Ua hoʻomohala i kekahi ano o ka kaiapili-ka papa a me ka hanalima māhele o ka hana. He hōʻeuʻeu, wehewehe aku ma ka ikaikaʻanoʻenehana a me kaʻepekema, aʻanoʻenehana HOU a me ka hana, he nui kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻoneʻe.

Wallerstein ka mōʻaukala kahua

Aia nō 'ē aʻe he manao la noʻu ma ka kahua o ke kaiāulu i loko o kona ulu ana. Ka pōkole pane i keia ninau, ma muli o ka manao o kekahi o na alakai kēia Western sociologists Imanuela Wallerstein, hiki ke haawiia mai ia penei. Kēia nä känaka 'epekema loaa ia pono e auaaeaiea o ka mōʻaukala nenoai. Kēlā me kēia no kēia mau nenoai ua me ka nānā 'ana ma kekahi' ano o ka mahele o ka hana. Ua hoʻomōhala ana i nā kulanui (kaiapili-nohona, kālai'āina, waiwai), a ultimately ho oholo i ka manaʻo o ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina o keia'ōnaehana, ka socialization o ka pūʻulu a me kanaka. Wallerstein hoʻopaʻapaʻa i kekahi ke loaʻa nāʻano likeʻole o ka mōʻaukala nenoai. Kekahi o ia mau mea - ua ola no ma kahi o 500-600 makahiki o ko capitalist honua hoʻokele waiwai (kēia). Kekahi - o ka Roma aupuni a pau. Ke kolu o ka ua ke aupuni 'o America Central, Mayan hale. Small mōʻaukala nenoai, aia no he nui ke dala. Mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka noiʻi, ka mea maoli loli i loko o ke kaiāulu kanaka, hana ka wā o ka hoʻololi hoʻomaka mai kekahi mōʻaukala nenoaiu i kekahi. 'Aʻole i kēia ho ololi i ka likeʻole malokoʻokoʻa ka manao ana o kona nalowale. Inefficiency ana iaoia wehe i ke ala no ka 'ē aʻe, oi Uluwehi O ki ina hana like.

Hoʻokaʻawale i nāʻano o nā kaiapili e leie aku noiʻi mai okoa pana pua, mai kekahi mau ia i nā hana, a ma kekahi, ao ke ano o ke ao o ka lawelawe a me ka mōʻaukala? Acaeoey, a no ka noonoo ia e like me he nunui-faceted kaʻina, me keʻano o nā hoailona a me na hoailona.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE kaiapili-mōʻaukalaʻano o nā kaiapili

E helu i na luna, a me na ike o sociologists a me ka poe akeakamai, economists a me nā moʻolelo, ua hiki ke hoomaopopo pokole, ma kiʻikuhi palapala, i ka i kēia kaiapili-mōʻaukala ano (kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao o? Acaeoey o kanaka ke kaiāulu kanaka,)

- loaʻa mai o ka ohi ana i na makana o ke 'ano a me ka holoholona ka noho' ana o ka aiia a me ka a pau;

- lawe mai i kaʻimi hoʻopunipuni mahi o nā mea kanu a me ka mahi ana i ka aina mahiʻai nā kaiapili;

- ma muli ma ka mahi ana i kekahi mau laha 'o ka holoholona holoholona;

- uaʻano nui ka nānā 'ana ma luna o handicraft a me nā loina mahiʻai? Iecaianoaaiiuo (i loko o ia mea, he waiwai, i ke kūlanakauhale, moku'āina mana, papa, kuai, palapala);

- ma muliʻano nui ma luna o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o hanalima machines hanalima nā kaiapili;

- ke kūapoʻana hanalima postindustrial.

I ka hala, i kaulana ma na kākau, ka mea, o ka aneiai muli o? Iecaianoaaiiuo mea,ʻaʻole i nui okoa physical waiwai i 'ike, ka naauao, a me ka hana hana.

Ma mau, keia typology, e hōʻike ana i nā kuʻina ka papa kuhikuhi o? Acaeoey hoʻi o ke kaiāulu, hookama kaiāulu lawa ka poeikohoia o ka humanities a me ka nohona sciences ma kekahi'āina. Ua Ua pinepine hoʻohana no ka hana o ka oi hana kūikawā a me ka piha manaÿo o ka lawelawe a me ka mōʻaukala? Acaeoey.

Ka manaʻo o "ka noho"

Ma sociology, kaiapili kālaiʻike, a me nā haʻawina no hoi kahińuli i nāʻano o ka moʻomeheu a me ka nohona o ka ke kaiāulu a me ke kōkua o "ka noho" manaʻo. Eia naʻe, inā i ke 'ano o ka nohona o ka oi aku me ka manaʻo Pono nń ke ano o ka lawelawe ana, hoahanau a me nā hale, ka noho i ke kākauʻana mea ma ka uhane, ka nohona, ka moʻomeheu a me ka hoʻomana hiʻona o okoa nā kaiapili.

Pili I Ka-mōʻaukala type

A hiki i keia manawa i pili manaʻo i manaoia ma ka 19th kenekulia N.Ya.Danilevsky, Lūkini sociologist a me ka kālaiʻike ( "moʻomeheu-mōʻaukala type"). Kēia kanaka noiʻi i waena o nā thinkers mua ho'āʻo e hele aku, mai o kaʻike mau kiʻi o kaiapili-mōʻaukala ulu wale me laina, planar kaʻina. Ua Ua manaoio ia kanaka i hana moʻomeheu-mōʻaukala ano e OAOOUIEeE me ka nui loa mawaena o lakou iho. He noʻonoʻo i ka papa kuhikuhiE ana hoʻohālike no ka kohoʻAno "ʻo Solomona o ka 'ōlelo", ia kenekoa, haipule, psihoetnograficheskoe lōkāhi, pili aupuni kuokoa, ano o oicyenoaaiiie aayoaeuiinoe, e like me kekahi'ē aʻe hiʻona. Danilevskii (hōʻike ma lalo nei) ma waena o nāʻano Assyrio-Babulona, Chinese, Aigupita,'Ilana, Indian, Greek, Hebera, Apapika, Roma, Europa (Kelemānia-Roma).

Kēlā me kēia o ia i loko o kona ulu kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ma o ka ola kalapona, e like me ka ho omaka, e ulu ai, blossoming, ka palaho. Ma hope o ia, he hou moʻomeheu-mōʻaukala type hele mai i ke alo o ka moolelo o ko mākou Honua. E like me ka Danilevsky, i ka paa o Slavic noho maikai ana e hele ma no kekahi mau kenekulia. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ko lakou mau papa kahua o ka? Acaeoey o ke kaiāulu. He wānana i ka wā e hiki mai nui Slavic noho maikai ana. Manaʻo Danilevsky, hoʻowahāwahā i ka conservatism kālai'āina, a me ka helu o kaʻimi naʻauao naivete, he waiwai no ka mea, ua 'oi aku ka pili-laina ke kiʻi o ka mōʻaukala? Acaeoey o ke kaiāulu. Ua presupposes ke ola ana o ka mōʻaukalaʻana aku, zigzags, i paa loa ia'na o ka mua hoʻonui moʻomeheu Hawaiʻi.

manao Toynbee

Hope, ua i ka manaʻo o cyclical kūpono 'ana i loko o nā hana o Spengler hoomau, ka Kelemānia poe akeakamai, a oi loa aku hoi Arnold Toynbee, English kākau moʻolelo. By Toynbee kela a me keia noho maikai ana (a me ia mea i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka noho maikai ana i heluia 21, a me kāna mau 'ōlelo 13) kŰlń ao i loko o kona paʻa ulu lifecycle. Ko ia neiʻoniʻoni, mai ka hanau ana a hiki i ka make a me ka decomposition. Toynbee e hōʻike ana 5 nui maikai ana: Russian, Western, Islamic, Indian a me ka Pākē. He uku mau noonoo ana i na kumu no ka make ka noho. Toynbee, ma ka maikai, manaoio aku la ia i ke kākoʻo o ke ola ikaika o ka hana moʻomeheu, kona "makakū waiwai" mea i loko o kekahi wahi hikiʻole i ka hana me ka pukaʻana mōʻaukala a me ka kaiapili-yeiiiie? Aneiai pilikia. Ua huli i loko o ka ku e hapa ana o ka heluna kanaka e dominates iā ia i pono o ka mana, a me ka pono ikaika mana. Ma ke Ka Ikepili hope loa, i ke kanaka noiʻi, i kēia mau keʻano o ka hanaʻana luku noho maikai ana.

Ano, ia oe i ka u ke kaiāulu kanaka, ua paʻa i loko o kona papa hana e like me Toynbee.

I ka manaʻo o ka noho ana ma ka sociology

Ma ka sociology (a, oi nuiʻana i loko o ka humanities a me ka nohona sciences) i loko o nā makahiki ua lilo increasingly e like me ka manaʻo o ka noho maikai ana, i ka wa e makemake e wehewehe i ka nohona a me ka mōʻaukala? Acaeoey. O ke kumu hoʻano nui i ka mea i ka Marxist manaʻo i Kīwala'ō loa i loko o ka Soviet 'epekema kaiapili, e like me ka mea i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka? Ueony e nioeaeuii-yeiiiie? Aneiai me ka ho okumu, Ua hooleia e ka hapanui o ka lawelaweʻepekema like me ka simplistic a overly politicized. I ka manaʻo o ka noho maikai ana mea a ianoiyuaa a ma ka hana i loko o ka wahi lulu scientific moʻokalaleo i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE Hawaiʻi ekolu:

- ka hahai ana i ka barbaric kahua o kaiapili-moÿomeheu kūpono 'ana o ke kuikahi;

- kaiapili-moʻomeheu type (Lūkini, Europa, Pākē, Japanese a me nā maikai ana);

- like ma luna o ka papa kiʻekiʻe o ka 'ike loea, kaiapili-waiwai, ka manaʻo politika a me ka nohona kūpono' ana i ka lani kiekie loa.

A hiki ma ke kula, ua mua e ike i ka kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ke kaiāulu kanaka, i loko o kona ulu ana. Grade 8 - ia ka manawa e noiʻi i ke kahe ana. Naʻe, i loko o ke kula i ke kumuhana i 'ano superficial. he piha pane ana i ka ninau i haawiia mai i loko o kēia 'atikala e pili ana i ka u kaiāulu hele. Ua hiki ke hoʻohana 'ia no ko lakou hoomakaukau ana no ka papa, a me kŰia, nā haumāna,ʻaʻole wale nō, akā, i nā haumāna.