He aha ua Alexander 2? ka Auguseto o ka kanaka. Kawaihae, i ka noho alii ana

First wai lā i ka makahiki 1881 i hooluuia i ke koko o ka Emperor, komo aku la i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Rusia me he alakaʻi mele nui o nā mea hoʻololi, pono pono i ka epithet ai ma luna ona ma o ka liberator kanaka. Ma kēia lā i ka Emperor Alexander 2 (noho alii ana - 1855-1881) i pepehiʻia i ka pōkā pahū kiolaʻia Narodnaya Volya Ignatius Grinevitsky.

Ka makahiki hooilina

April 17, 1818 ma Moscow kahili ae hekili o fireworks - i, e noho i loko o ka hale o ka Bihopa o ka imperial hui i hanau hooilina i ka noho aliʻi, i loaa ma ka Hemolele bapetizo ana i ka inoa Alexander. A 'ike mea: ma hope o ka make ana o Peter I ka pau luna o Rusia, hanau ma kona kahiko poʻo,ʻo ia ua ka - i ka wā e hiki mai Emperor Alexander 2.

Kona Kawaihae hōʻike i ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi hooilina i ka noho aliʻi i wahi ma lalo o ka makaʻala maka o kona makua kāne. Emperor Rotehama I uku loa kokoke noonoo ana i ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana o kāna keiki. Hana o ke aʻoʻia mai o Alexander i waihoia mai i ka haku mele kaulana V. A. Zhukovskogo, ka mea ole wale i aʻo mai iā ia i grammar o ka Lūkini 'ōlelo, akā, kanu no hoi i ke keiki mau? Aieao no ka moʻomeheu. Special no hoi paha e like me'ōlelo'ē, koa pili, kānāwai a me ka laa mōʻaukala,ʻo ia i aʻo aku i nā kumu maikaʻi o ka manawa.

An halaʻole'ōpio aloha

Paha na Lyrics o kona hale me na kumu, a me nā kula kiʻekiʻe 'V. A. Zhukovskogo haʻalele lākou hoailona ma luna o ka ike paka i o ka opiopio Alexander. E like me na memoirs o nā wā, koke hoomaka ma laila e hōʻike i ka welelau o ka pilialoha infatuation, a kena ae la'ōhumu mai o kona makua kāne, he kanaka, ma ke ala, i ole sinless. Ua ua ike ia ma ka holo ana a hiki i London, Sasha i manawa e kekahi kaikamahine ÷ - i ka wā e hiki mai Korolevoy Viktoriey, akā, i kēia mau manaʻo i destined e mae ai.

Omaka moku'āina hana

Emperor Rotehama I koke hoomaka ae la e hui me kana keiki i ka lehulehu mea. Māhunehune hiki i adulthood, la oia i hoʻolauna i loko o ke Senate, a me ka Uhane Synod. E visualize i ka wā e hiki mai mō'ī loa o ke aupuni a pau, i kona mea, e mālama i kona makua kāne, hoouna aku la ia ia i ka makahiki 1837 ma ka hele ana i Rusia, iloko a Alexander kipa iwakalua-ewalu'āina. Ma hope iho o ia, hele aku la ia i 'Eulopa, e pakuʻi ai i ka ike, a ke hoʻokō' ia i kona hoʻonaʻauao.

Board Alexander 2 hoomaka ma ka 1855, koke ma hope o ka make koke maila kanakolu makahiki o ka noho alii o kona makua kāne ma Rotehama I. Ka hoʻoilina ia i loaa mai ia lakou na pilikia pili me ke kua'āina ninau, i ke kālā ulia, a hopelessly nalowale ka Crimean War, e waiho Rusia i loko o ka moku'āina o ka lahui hoʻokaʻawale. A pau o ia koi koke pāʻoihana.

ʻO ka manaʻo nele no ka mihi

I mea e lawe mai i ka aina mai o ka ulia i nele i mihi, o ka pono no i dictated ma ke ola wale nō. Ka mua o kēia mau i ka abolition o ka oihana koa noho, komo hoʻi i loko o 1810. Ka Emperor hoʻouna i kekahi mapuna o ka peni ma ka hala archaic, ka mea, 'aʻole i pōmaikaʻi ai i ke koa, a hoʻonāukiuki i ka nohona Naita. Me keia loa kaʻenaʻena hihia, a hoomaka ae la kona loli nui Alexander 2.

Ke abolition o serfdom

Ke kumu i waiho. Ma hope o ia, ke Auguseto Alexander 2 lawe mai i ka hooko ana o kona papa kuhikuhiE mōʻaukala nuʻukia - ka abolition o serfdom. Ua ua ike ia i ka pono o keia hana o ke kākau hou Empress Ana II, akā, i loko o kēlā mau makahiki o ka ike paka i ko ke kaiāulu ua i makaukau no ka mea, he'ano'ē loli, a me ka luna o ia pomaikai hookaaokoa.

Ano, ma ka waena o ka XIX kenekulia, Alexander 2, nona ka wahine paha, ua hoʻokino e loa okoa mōʻaukala realities, ike ia ina oe e ole hoopau i ka noho kauā kuapaʻa ma kanawai, ka mea e malama i ka detonator no ka mea ala i loko o ke aupuni o ka hoʻokahuli aupuni Naita me p ÷ ino.

Ka Ia nānaina ua paʻa, a me ka loa e holumua ai statesmen o kona 'ia, akā, ma ka' aha hoʻokolokolo E kahalina i hana i ka nui a me ka influential kū'ē, haku o nā luna o ka hope noho alii ana, i lawe mai ai i loko o ka Barracks, a me ka bureaucratic uhane o Rotehama I.

Aka hoi, i ka makahiki 1881 o ka mihi i hoʻokō, a ua lilo miliona o serfs like kamaaina o Rusia. Naʻe, i kēia alakaʻi i ka hou pilikia, a i nā mākau 'Alexander 2. Ma pōkole, ka mea maʻi hēhē ia i ka mea e, mai kēia manawa ma luna o noa kauwa ua pono ia i kekahi mea o ka hale, i ka, aina i pili i na konohiki. Ke kākoʻo pāʻoihana a hiki i keia pilikia kauo aku la ia no na makahiki.

Waiwai a me ka mihi ana o ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe

Ka mea e hiki mai ana ka hoʻokahuli, a ia i ka noho alii ana o Alexander 2 ua kālā mihi. E like me ka hopena o ka abolition o serfdom i loko o Rusia hoʻokumuʻia he okoa loa 'ano o ka hoʻokele waiwai' - capitalist. Ke kālā nenoaiu o ka moku'āina, ma muli o ke kino auhau i ole i kō nā koi o ka manawa. No kona modernization i loko o ka 1860-1862 biennium. Ua i ka mea hou kula no ka aina - ka moku'āina pali. Eia hou, mai kēia manawa ma luna o ka Bedroom i kulike ai me ka mihi i aponoia ma ka State Aha, a me ka Emperor kino.

Elua makahiki ma hope o ka abolition o serfdom, ua hiki mai ka manawa e e loli ma ka hoʻonaʻauao kiʻekiʻe. Ua nui Initiative hoʻolaʻa i ka 1863 o kona hope mihi o Alexander 2. iki ia hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia me ka paa ana o ka manaʻo kaʻina hana no ka hoʻolālā o ke aʻo' ana i loko o kulanui. Fair, e olelo aku i keia mihi i ka loa haawi like o nā mea a pau i mālama 'ia i loko o ka hope au.

Ke kukuluia'na o Zemstvos a me ka hana hou ia hana

Ua lilo nui kau hana kua'āina a me ka Apana Hookolokolo nā mea hoʻololi, ka hoʻokō 'ia ma 1864. Oiai ka ka manaʻo pono, e kakau iho ia mau mea a pau e alakai lehulehu huahelu. Mau leo kū'ē i ka hookahi kue, kona manao hiki ole ke kōkua akā, hoolohe, Alexander 2.

Ke kanaka o kēia mō'ī ua pili kēia wehewehe aku ma kona mau makemake, e kaulike ma waena o nāʻokoʻa auamo o ka manao - ka e holumua ai intelligentsia a me ka makeʻe kulana Aha. Naʻe, i loko o keia hihia i hoike mai toughness.

E like me ka hopena o ka lawe mai i na mea nui HOU elua no ka moku'āina - nā mea hoʻololi i ana aʻei nā mea a pau i kona ola obsolete Hookolokolo'ōnaehana i loko o ka Europa ano, a me ka lua, e hoʻololi i ka noho pololei ana o ka hoʻomalu hoʻokele.

Huli ana i loko o ka poe koa

Hope ka mea i hui ma ka hoʻokiwikā mihi aupuni, haumāna ka hoʻonaʻauao a me ka koa, e like me ka hopena o i i hana ia e ka hoʻololi mai kāna i conscription. ʻO ko lākou mau papa kuhikuhiE hoʻokuhikuhi, a alakaʻi i loko o ke ola ua, like ma mua, Alexander 2.

Kona Kawaihae mea he laʻana o ka holumua ai a me ka ikaika haʻawina, akā,ʻaʻole e mau ana e ku moku'āina kiaaina. Ke ho'āʻo nei e hui pu iho la ka hana o ka mea e keʻakeʻa i pono o ka lawelawe strata, ka mea, o ka hopena huli mai e ia i ka malihini a me ka hoʻokahuli aupuni-manao haahaa papa hoʻi o ke kaiāulu, a me ka aristocratic luna.

Ka ohana ke ola o ka mō'ī

Alexander 2 - he nunui-faceted kanaka. A me ke anu rationality, he coexisted ka muli o kēia i loko o kona wā'ōpiopio i ka penchant no pilialoha e hahai. A moʻo o fleeting Salon hana malu a me nā kaikamāhine o ka hanohano o ka iwilei ua i keʻakeʻa hiki ma hope o kona mare ana me Princess Mariey Avgustoy o Hesse, ka mea i ka inoa o Orthodoxy Maria Alexandrovna. He ua he aloha wahine, hāʻawi me ka haawina o ka oiaio kala. Ma hope o kona make, kena ae la ia e tuberculosis, ka Auguseto mare i kona longtime haku wahine Ekaterina Mikhailovna Dolgorukova no a me kona luku māinoino o ka make i ka ona loa.

Ka pau 'ana o ke ola o ka reformer nui

Alexander 2 - i ke kanaka i loko o kā lākou mau lono kaumaha. ka ikaika a me ka ikehu a pau, ua hoʻolaʻaʻia e hoea o Rusia a hiki i ka Europa kiʻekiʻe, akā, kā lākou mau hana pili kēia i impetus i ka nascent i ia manawa ma ka aina o ka luku koa, ka moku'āina vvergshim hope i loko o ke koko kipi. I ka pepehi ana o Alexander 2 i ka loulou hope loa i loko o ke kaulahao o ka ho'āhewa wale perpetrated ma luna ona. No a loaʻa he ehiku.

I ka la mahope, i loaʻa i ke ola o ka Auguseto, Ua i March 1, 1881 ma ka Ana Canal Embankment ma St. Petersburg. Ua Ua hoʻonohonoho a ua hana ia e kekahi pūʻulu o ka poʻe hoʻoweliweli ka poe i kapa ia lakou iho "Narodnaya Volya". Ua Ua haku o ka poʻe o nāʻano nohona strata o ke kaiāulu. Ka mea, i wahi manaʻo ana e kūkulu i ka honua hou i ua mau kamailio pu ana, ua hui pu nae ka mea, ma ka makemake e luku aku ia i nā kumu o ka mea kahiko.

E kū ai i kēia pahu hopu na kanaka i hoola aku aole hoi o kana, aole hoi i nui nā kanaka i ka ola. I ko lakou manao, i ka pepehi ana o Alexander 2 ua e ia i ka hōʻailona no ka mau uprising, akā, ma ka ike maopopo ia ua hana i ka mea pono no ka makau a me ka hopelessness ma ka hui, mau e hōʻike 'ia ke kānāwai ua hehiia ilalo e me nā ikaika. I kēia Kapaau i ka Tsar Liberator o ka luakini o ka "Mea e Olaʻi ma ka aoi", i kūkuluʻia ma luna o ke kahua o kona make ana.