Ka'opi o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau: mōʻaukala, ke kumu, 'ole a me ka hana hoihoi kūʻiʻo

Ka First World War, i lawe mai untold ke kālā i na kanaka o 'Eulopa, i ka inevitable'opi o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau no nā kenekulia Kīwala'ō ma nā'āpana, a ua lilo i luahi o kona voracious koa? Anoe? Aiey. Puʻe wale akula kēlā, e hui i ka Central ka mana, e like me Kelemania, Austria-Hungary, a Pulakalia, ia mea me ia ua hoano e ka awaawa o ka make, e hiki ke olelo hou aku no au iaʻu iho me ke alakai global aupuni a pau.

I ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau

I ka pau ana o ka XIII kenekulia, au Osman Gazi ili mai koʻu makua kāne Bey Ertogrul ka mana maluna iho olalo i Turkish mau poʻe a pau e noho Perugia. Hai ana i ke kuokoa o keia kŘpa a liilii, wahi a me ka lawe i ka inoa o ke Suletana, ka mea, ua hiki i ka lanakila i ka nui loa o Asia Minor , a ike no ka mana aupuni a pau, i oleloia ma kona hanohano Ottoman. Ua Ua destined e pāʻani nui i kūlana ma ka honua mōʻaukala.

Ua i loko o ka waena o ka XIV kenekulia Turkish pūʻali kaua pae ma luna o ka mokuna o 'Eulopa, a hoʻomaka kona lōʻihi? Anoe?, E ia i moku'āina i loko o XV-XVI kenekulia i kekahi o ka mea nui loa i loko o ke ao nei. Eia naʻe,, ua mua o ka hoʻomaka o ka'opi o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau i loko o ka XVII kenekulia, ka wā ole ka ike ole i make ai ma mua, a noonoo invincible Turkish koa i ae mai i kekahi kaomi lāʻau ma na paia o ka'Aukekulia kulanakauhale alii.

Ka mua make ana o ka o ka poʻeʻEulopa

I ka 1683, i ka Ottoman mau poʻe a pau lele lokahi mai iā Vienna i ke kūlanakauhale ma lalo o ka hoʻopuniʻana. Kona poʻe e noho ana, lohe nui e pili ana i ka mea hihiu, a ruthlessʻano kēia mau lokomaikai o hōʻike mana o ka heroism, e hoomalu aku ia lakou iho, a me ko lakou aloha poʻe mai kekahi make. E like me ka palapala Home Land, i ka pomaikai o na defenders ua pili kēia kōkua ai i nā ma ka mea e, ua nui loa koʻikoʻi koa alakaʻi o kēlā mau makahiki i waena o ka poe koa luna, ka poe hiki ke competently a koke lawe a pau e pono kūlana pale ana.

I ka wa e ai ka hopena o na attackers i ua hoʻonā ai i ke kōkua o ke hoʻopilikia i hiki aku ai, ke alii o Poland. hee aku la lakou, a koe no Kristiano waiwai pio. Kēia lanakila, a hoomaka ae la ka'opi o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, ua ai no na kanaka o Europa, ma luna o nā mea a pau, he manaʻoʻike nui. Ua hoopuehuiaʻi ke nā kaʻao o ka invincibility o na mea a pau-mana awa, e like me ka ua i ka mea mau i waena o ka poʻeʻEulopa i kapa aku ai i ka Ottoman aupuni a pau.

Omaka ia kenekoa poho

Kēia make, e like me ka pono me ka helu ana mahope hoʻolako 'ole i kena ae la i ka mea pio i loko o January 1699 Karlovitskogo honua. E like me keia palapala Porta lilo mua ka mea hoʻi iā o ka mokuna o Hungary, Transylvania a me Timisoara. ua 'oni iki kona palena a hiki i ka aoao hema no ka loihi. Ka mea, ua mua loa he kaumaha loa i kona imperial ano hoopono.

Pilikia i loko o ka XVIII kenekulia

Inā ka mua hapalua o ka e hiki mai ana, XVIII kenekulia, ua hoailono aku la ma kekahi koa successes o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, hiki ia albeit me ka pokole lilo o Derbent, akā, mālama i komo i kaʻEleʻele a me Azov moana, i ka lua o ka hapalua o ke kenekulia lawe mai i ka helu o setbacks, i hooholo i ka wā e hiki mai'opi o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau.

I ka make ana o ke kaua Turkish, a Ana II alakai aku ai i ka Ottoman Suletana, i ka hope hōʻailona i loko o ka July 1774 maluhia kuikahi, ma lalo a Rusia loaa aina aku ma waena o ka Dnieper a me Hawaiian pilikia. Next makahiki lawe mai i ka hou poino - Port nalowale hoWomo i ka'Aukekulia Bukovina.

Pau no ka mea Ottoman XVIII kenekulia he piha poino. Hope make i loko o ka Lūkini-Turkish kaua alakai aku i ka hopena o ka loa a me ka noho lakou malaila nei ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa Jassy honua, e like me a ma ka wao akua, e Rusia a pau'ākau Black Sea māhele, a me ka Crimean Peninsula.

Ka inoa ma ka palapala certifying mea ma neia hope aku a mau loa aku mākou Crimea, kau Prince Potemkin kino. Eia hou, i ka Ottoman aupuni a pau i pio e haawi aku no Lūkini aina ma waena o ka Hawaiian pilikia a me Dniester, e like me hele mai i hua'ōlelo a me ka poho o kona Hoʻohaku kulana ma ka Caucasus, a me ka Balkans.

Ka hoʻomaka o ka hou kenekulia a me ka hou pilikia

Ka hoʻomaka o ka'opi o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau i loko o ka 19th kenekulia i destined ia ia i kekahi pio i loko o ke kaua Lūkini-Turkish o 1806-1812. I ka hopena o keia i ka hōʻailona ma Bucharest o kekahi, ma ka mea, detrimental i ke Kuikahi awa. Ke Lūkiniʻaoʻao o ka hapanui ka mana Mihail Illarionovich Kutuzov, a me Turkish - Ahmed Pasha. Ka a pau wahi, mai ka Dniester a hiki i ka Prut hele aku la Rusia, a lilo iho la ia i kapa e like me ka māhele mua o Bessarabia, laila, i ka'āina o Bessarabia, manawa Moldova mea.

Ke ana ma ka Kauai i ka 1828 i ka hoao e lawe i ka Lūkini mākaia no ka hala make ai huli i ka hou pio a me kekahi kakau inoa ia e ka kela makahiki i loko o Andreapol ka maluhia Kuikahi, hoonele ia i ke ano nani skimpy mokuna o ka Danube Aaeuoa. Ma luna o ka pilikia i ka mea ia manawa hai kona kuokoa Greece.

Pōkole-kau i ka pomaikai, hou i ka loli ana o lesions

Ka mea wale nō manawa loaa Ottomans i ka Crimean Kaua o 1853-1856, ineptly nalowale Rotehama I. kona hakahaka ma luna o ka noho aliʻi o ka Lūkini Auguseto Alexander II i haʻakoi e hoohui Bessarabia Porte nui loa, akā, i loko o ka hope makahiki 1877-1878 i ka hou ke kaua hoi i ko lakou mau nohoalii.

Hoomau iho la lakou disintegration o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau. Lawe ka lanakila o ka maikaʻi sekona, ma ka ia makahiki, ua hookaawale mai Romania, Serbia a me MaunaʻEleʻele. A pauʻekolu nō'āina hai mai i ko lakou kuokoa. Ua pau i ka XVIII kenekulia i ka Ottoman hui ana o ka'ākau Pulakalia, a me ka aina a pau no ia i ke aupuni a pau, o Hawaiian Rumelia.

Ke kaua me ka Balkan Union

XX kenekulia nā lā hoʻi i ka'opi hope o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, a me ka Turkish Repubalika hoʻonaʻauao. Kēia i mua ma ka moʻo o ka hanana, i hoʻomaka 'ia ma ka makahiki 1908, Pulakalia hai kona kuokoa a me ka hopena ma ia i elima haneri Turkishʻauamo. Kēia i hahai ma ke kaua o 1912-1913, hai mai la Porte Balkan Union. Ua komo Pulakalia, Greece, Serbia a me MaunaʻEleʻele. Ke kumu o kēia mau Hawaii i ka hopu ana o nā panalāʻau e pili ana i ka Ottomans.

I loko nō o ka mea i ka Kauai i mana na puali elua, South a me akau, i ke kaua, a pau i loko o ka lanakila no ka Balkan kuikahi, alakai aku i ka hōʻailona o kekahi 'aelike i loko o London, hoonele i kēia manawa i ka Ottoman aupuni a kokoke i ka anai Balkan Peninsula, a waiho ia ia me wale i ka hapa uuku wale no o Kou a me Thrace. Ke kumu nui loa o ka noho ana? Anoeia i loaa, Greece a me Serbia, a mahuahua ma ka lilo o ko lākou mau wahiʻaneʻane pāpālua. I ia mau lā, a me ka mea i hana i ka hou moku'āina - Albania.

Ka hoolaha o ka Repubalika o Tureke

About pehea ka'opi o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau i loko o nā makahiki e hahai ana mahope, e hiki wale hoi i noonoo ai, e hahai ana i ka papa o ka First World War. Ka Nohona Pili e • loaʻa hou ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka nalowale i loko o ka hope ke kenekulia, me nā panalāʻau e noho, ka Port i kuleana i loko o ka hostilities, akā, i kona mau ulia, ma ka losingʻaoʻao mana - Germany, Austria-Hungary, a Pulakalia. Ka mea, ua i ka puupuu hope loa, kaomi i ka manawa hookahi ikaika aupuni a pau, e lawe mai ana ka makau i ke ao nei a pau. ʻAʻole au i hoola ia ia, a loaa i ka 1922 lanakila ma luna o Helene. Ke kaʻina hana o ka disintegration ua ua irreversible.

Ka First World War i pau ai me ka hōʻailona o ke awa i ka 1920 Sevres kuikahi, ma lalo i allies hilahila ole pilfered i ka hala, i noho ma lalo o Turkish mana o ka ?? eoi? Eo. A pau i kēia alakaʻi i ka loa'opi a me kona haʻiʻana i 29 October 1923 i ka Repubalika o Tureke. Ua hana ia i ka hopena o ka oi ma mua o eono haneri moʻolelo o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau.

Ka hapanui o noiʻi ike kumu'opi o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, o ka oi aku i loko o ka backwardness o kona waiwai, ai ka loa haahaa nui o ka hana, he mea e lawa alanui a me nā 'ano o ka' ōlelo. Ma ka aina i mea ma ke kiʻekiʻe o medieval feudalism, kokoke i ka heluna holoʻokoʻa ua illiterate. Ma na mea he nui nā hoailona aupuni a ua nui loa e hoʻomōhala ana i mua o ka mea 'ē aʻe Huipuia, o ka wā.

Pahuhopu kekahi hōʻike i ka'opi o ke aupuni a pau

Kamailio e pili ana i ka kumumea hōʻike disintegration o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, ka mea e hoike ia mua o nā mea a pau i ka kālai'āina keʻano o ka hanaʻana lawe ana wahi i loko o laila i ka hoʻomaka o ka XX kenekulia, a ia mea kokoke hiki ole i ka manawa mua. Keia ua kapaia ka Young TurekeʻOiʻenehana o ka makahiki 1908, ka wa i hopu mana ma na lala aupuni o ka hui "Union a me ka holomua". Ka mea, hookahuli ae la i ke Suletana, a waiho i ke kumu kanawai.

Revolutionaries loa malamaia no lakou ia lakou iho i ka mana, UAIAaIN e kākoʻo ana i ka hana hewa Suletana. Ua piha E hahai mai-i au me ke koko, kena ae la ia e hookui hookahe koko ana, e kaua anaʻaoʻao, a me ka loli ana o na luna. A pau i kēia irrefutable hoike ana o ka mea i ua hele i ka ikaika centralized mana, a hiki i ka'opi o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau.

Pokole summing mai, ka mea pono e mai la oia ia Tureke i pau i ke alanui, no ka kenekulia, ua hoomakaukau no a pau States, ua haʻalele lākou mark ma ka mōʻaukala. 'O kēia ka hanau ana, kokololio flowering, a mahope hoole, pinepine hiki aku ai i kā lākou mau ia'na. Ka Ottoman aupuni a i ole e hele loa unnoticed, e lilo ana kēia manawa, naʻe restless, akā,ʻaʻole i ka Hoʻohaku hoa o ko ke ao nei kaiāulu.