Helu moku'āina o ka paakai. Salt, kemika

More o 10 miliona ke aloha a me ka oi ma mua o 500.000'okanikaʻole i huiʻia ike i chemists i keia la. Mawaena o lakou i huikau i loko o nā hale a me ka waiwai, a i hoʻohana wale i loko o Nine Inch ole 'inikua hana. A aia no kekahi poe i mea ole paʻakikī i ka loaʻa a me ka mea nui loa, he pono ole i ka maʻamau o ke ola. Akā,ʻaʻohe emi nui a me kaʻiʻo. Kekahi o ia mau waiwai pili paʻakai. Ma ka hale ka mea, ua i kapaʻia ai kaʻai a me ka Nine Inch hana kapa paʻakai koloriside a me ka paʻakai koloriside. Ma ke kaʻina hana ka mea, ua kapaʻia mea pōhaku i ia 'ano apau loa ma ka ano - halite a me ka pōhaku paʻa paakai a me ka pōhaku paakai. E mākou noonoo i ka moku'āina o aggregation o ka paʻakai, 'ole, ka waiwai, iecaianoaaiiuo, hoʻohana a me ka hooko ana mōʻaukala nuipa a hokii.

Ma kekahi mau Hawaii loaʻa ka paʻakai?

He aha ka ka physical moku'āina o ka mea , a pehea ia hana? Ua hilinaʻi nui ma ka ano o ka waiwai i loko o nīnau. Kēlā me kēia haumāna mua ma mua o 7 papa ke kapa i ka moku'āina o aggregation o ka paakai, no ka mea, o ka waiwai i mea i loko o nā hale. I kēia lā, me ka pilikia no ke kālā no ke kanaka e hoi i noonoo ai i kona ola. A, i ka hoʻopiha moku'āina o ka paʻakai pono me ka maka kapa ole - finely paha coarsely lūlū aku iā palapala regular cubic nā pōaka. Naʻe, mea hoʻoheheʻeʻia i ka paʻakai i loko o ka wai, ua e kiʻi ia i loko o kaʻokoʻa moku'āina o aggregation - wai. Ka mea ua loaa, ina mākou e heheʻe nā nā pōaka ma kiʻekiʻe mahana. Ke wale ana i mea ole typical no ka paʻakai - ka mea, mea gaseous. Akā, ma lalo o kekahi mau hana e hiki ke loaa ia like ola.

Nā kūlana no ka hoʻololi i ka moku'āina o aggregation

1. E loaa i ka paʻakai i loko o ke kinowai moku'āina ma ka hauneneʻe paa nā pōaka o maoli ka molekumu o, ia mea e pono ke hana i ka wela o ka 800 ° ^C.
2. E hoohuli i ka paakai i loko o ka gaseous ana pono e lawe hoʻoheheʻeʻia nā pōaka i ka puʻupuʻu e (ma kahi o 1400 ^C) a me ka mai hehe a piha hoʻololi o ka mall eiiiiiaiou ma ka Ion (Na ^+, a Cl ^-).
3. Paa moku'āina o aggregation o ka paʻakai - o kona ano maoli nana aku i loko o maoli ana.

No ke aha la e ia i ka laulā o ke ana wela i ka wa e lawelawe ana i ka nā pōaka? Kēia Ua wehewehe ma ke aniani puka olu oia i 'ole.

aniani puka olu oia

Ua ho i ka pololei maka-e pili ana cubic aniani moakaka nā pōaka. Kēlā me kēia kihi o ka kupa (puka olu oia i heluʻai) e alternately ikaika kauoha Na ⁺ Ion a negatively kauoha Ion Cl ^-. Manawa ia pu ole, electronegativities o nā'ātoma ma waena o ia no laila, aia no he ikaika electrostatic attraction ia no ka luku ana kona ikaika rula pono e hoopili (kiʻekiʻe wela, me mechanical hopena). Kēia ʻano o ka puka olu oia i ua ike ionic, a me ia mea ano no a pau mekala 'åkilikai,'ākilikai honua a me ka hoʻololi i eliiaʻi.

He nolaila, e like me ka paʻakai mahana (nā no ka heheʻe, a no nā kapuahi e) mea ai kiʻekiʻe. Naʻe ia mea hiki ole wale e loaa nā pōaka o cubic palapala, akā, pyramidal (eight-, twelve- a me ka icosahedral). E hana i kēia, oe wale pono e hoʻomaʻa i ka paakai pāʻoihana omoāea mahana ma ka kekahi alanui. Ma kekahi hihia, ua piha i ka maloko lua me ka wai a nā pōaka, ina ia mea he kākoʻo pāʻoihana o ka paʻakai i loko o ka wai.

Ke Nine Inch haʻilula o ka paʻakai koloriside mea puni, a elemental haku mele 'ana hōʻike NaCL.

Ke physical waiwai o ka halite

hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia ma Helu waiwai o ka paʻakai koloriside ma kekahi mau kumu:

• Paa nā pōaka o keʻokeʻo, a pink, uliuli, he poni, heʻulaʻula. 'Ia nā pōpō hilinaʻi nui ma ke alo o impurities i loko o ka pōʻalo. Pure aniani keʻokeʻo waiwai.
• Wailana i ka wai i loko o ka lākiō o ka pili ana 100/30 (i ka 100 g. Wai 30 g. Paakai). Good solubility aie i ke alo o ka wai dipoles i pili a puni iho paʻakai a me ka chlorine Ion, e kauoha ana ka make o ka electrostatic attraction ma waena o ia, a, nolaila, e make ai o ke aniani puka olu oia.
• Heheʻe a me ka maʻi hēhē ma kiʻekiʻe Mahana O Ke Kai (800-1400 ° ^C).
• Ua loaʻa he maule maikaiʻala.
• Palemo ihoʻai.

Ke Nine Inch waiwai o ka paʻakai koloriside

E like me kekahi awelika-wailana paʻakai, paʻakai koloriside mea hiki ke komo i loko o AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me:

• Other paʻakai ma mail reactions (elue: he naoh kinoea kaawale ana, ke kimu ole a ho okumu malodissotsiiruemogo substance): NaCL + AgNO ₃ = NaNO ₃ + AgCL (keʻokeʻo curdy precipitate). Ua qualitative naoh ma ka ion Cl ^-.
• Me ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, e ku ana ma EHRNM paʻakai koe: K + NaCL = KCL + Na.
• Dissociates i koʻana koko pāʻoihana e noa ai hydrated Ion dipoles ka wai: NaCL _{(koʻana koko pa-pa)} = Na ^{+ +} Cl ^-. I ka hopena o ka paakai pāʻoihana a mea he ikaika electrolyte.
• Ua ua hookauwa ole oia ia i ka hydrolysis, e like me ka ka paʻakai i hanaʻia me kaʻakika a me ka ikaika kumu ikaika.
• Ma ka electrolysis (ka uila he) decomposes e hana noa huahana a me ka paʻakai hydroxide (caustic soda): NaCL = Na + Cl ₂ + NaOH.

Where ma ka aoao maoli he paʻakai koloriside?

Currently, e like me ka paakai - he ikaika mau i loaʻa ma ka ano. ʻOiai ka mea, ua mau mea, akā, i ka wa kahiko, a me ka Middle Ages ka mea i manaoia he loa pipiʻi huahana. A pau i kēia, mai ka mea i ka mea, i ike ole ala o ka moana pōʻalo mai maoli kumu. A me kēia mau kumu i loko o ka honua ka ke koe nō i laila, he nui - halite manaoia aneane kona palena maoli o nā kumu waiwai. Where ua i ka paʻakai i loaʻa i loko o maoli?

1. Kai, a me ka moana o ka paakai wai.
2. Salt o ic ??.
3. Salt wai.
4. Groundwater.
5. Wai estuaries.

pōʻalo o halite

Extracting a aaioee o ka paakai i kā lākou 'enehana a me kekahi o koʻu mau waiwai pinepine ukele no ka hokii, ku i ka maʻiʻo kiʻekiʻe o impurities. Koʻu mau pohaku ka paʻakai i loko o nāʻaoʻao, no kekahi laʻana:

• ma ka lola honua hoʻouku;
• o ka papa ma ka lalo o ka paakai loko iʻa;
• ma ke omoāea a pa ahau ke mai ke kai a me ka moana wai palemo iho;
• omoāea o groundwater.

Kekahi papa hana hana ka mea e hiki ai e loaa nā pōaka o halite. Eia naʻe, no ka kanaka hokii, ka mea i pono i kekahi 'ano o ke kanaka - wili. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, kakaʻikahi nā mea hoʻohana 'ana i ka hale no ka sayings nui aniani paakai. Loa pinepine, ka mea, ua lilo ia i loko o ka ua holoiʻia o impurities, paopaoia aneane i ka pauka palapala. Aia i kekahi manao o iodized paakai, fluoridated, a no laila, ma luna,ʻaʻole wale no ka ai, aka, i ka hoʻohana 'mau hana.

palapala noi paakai

Noi a me ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka paʻakai koloriside mea nui. Ke kumu nui o ia pu me na examples, a me nā hualoaʻa i hōʻike 'ia i loko o Table.

I ka moʻolelo o ka mea maʻamau o ke ola

Sol iʻikeʻia ma luna o nā papa i loko o kēlā hale,ʻaʻole koke. Once ka mea, ua oi kona kaumaha i loko o ke gula, a ma ka truest hoohalike. Ma ka XVIII kenekulia, kekahi Narody Afriki ua panai aku i ka piha o ka paakai ma ka piha o ka gula one. Hope ma Aitiopa Salt auka e noho ana i ka maʻamau kālā. Ma kahiko Rome, ke koa legionnaires i malama uku i haawiia mai keia waiwai i ho'ōla alakaʻi ai i ka ma ka inoaʻo o ko lākou mau koa. wale miki aʻela hoʻi nā mamo a huneʻApelika Waena kanaka'āpana o ka pōhaku papaʻaina paakai me ka delicacy. Ma ka Netherlands mea i hoʻohana 'ia i ka hoʻopaʻi hewa i ka hoʻokolokoloʻiaʻana. Hewa i ole e haawi mai ka paʻakai, a make aku la i ke kanaka i loko o ka pōkole manawa.

No ka mea manawa mua, e koho, a hoʻopau ai i loko o keia mea, kanaka aʻo i loko o ka wa kahiko. A laila, ka mea iʻike i ka paʻakai na i loko o nā mea kanu. No laila, ka mea, i ke ahi, a me ka lehu i hoʻohana me he laeʻula i. Hope ma Kina ua aʻo e evaporate ka paʻakai mai ka moana wai, a me ke kaʻina hana o ka la hoomalolo epekema hoomaka ae la e neʻe wikiwiki.

Ma Rusia, extracted ka paʻakai mai ka aieou (ka loa kaulana paakai o ic ?? o Rusia no laila, mamao - Elton a me Baskunchak). A laila, nā pāʻoihana nui waiwai i loa pohihihi keia. Extracted ia wale nō he mau poe kuai, i laila kuai ma hoaie dala kumukūʻai. Hoʻolimalima i ka i ka paʻakai hiki wale na kanaka waiwai a me ka kaulana. Over manawa, i like? Iecaianoaaiiuo a me ka? Iecaianoaaiiie. kekahi mau ano o ka pōʻalo a me ka aaioee o ke kila hoʻohana ', a me keia la kekahi o ka loa e like me ka hale waiwai - paʻakai. Kemika o keia hui, ka waiwai a me ka palapala noi i laau lapaau, a me na hana i lilo ike mai ka hola XVI-XVII kenekulia.

Këia i loko o ke kula papa

I ka like o ka 'ole a me ka moku'āina o aggregation, e like me ka Nine Inch waiwai o ka paʻakai hoomaka ma ke kula, i loko o ia ka hoʻopaʻi' ana i kemika (Grade 8). Salt i loko o ka papa kula aʻo i loko o nā mea a pau kā lākou 'ano ma ka ano. Nā haumana lilo mai i ka naauao o ka Nine Inch muli o empirical nā papakuhikuhi, ka hoʻokumu paʻa kino ai a me ka Nine Inch waiwai. No ka mōakaaka a me ka pono o ka memorizing nā papakuhikuhi a me physical waiwai o ka flyleaf puke 'ana ke aupuni' paʻakai papaʻaina i haawi i ka manaʻo o ko lākou solubility i loko o ka wai. Aia 'oe e' imi 'ikepili ma ka solubility o nāʻakika, alkalis a me nā kumu.

An pono o kā lākou mau paʻakai fusibility maluna i ua nānā lākou i? Iecaianoaaiiuo me ka ano. Nā haumāna i ka huli 'ana i ko lakou ala i loko o ka hoʻoponopono pilikia ma ka mahele heheʻe i ka hana o ka paakai. Table a Kimia kiʻi hiki ole wale ike fusible mea a refractory, akā, i hooholo i ka He kokekau wale mahele heheʻe i ka wahi a me ka baila aʻela i. Nō kāu, i hoonohonoho mau papa ma ka heluna o nā puke ( "kemika", Grade 8). Salt E e? Anoee ma ka pōʻaiapili o ia mau sciences me kālaimeaola a me ke kālaikūlohea. No laila, ua kūkuluʻia ka huapalapala o hana no nā haumāna ma ka hoʻohui 'ana o ka hoʻonaʻauao' pili 'o Randy.