I ka ho omaulia ana o ka wela poe kuai: i ka hana. I ka ho omaulia ana o ka wahi, me ka mana o ka wela poe kuai

I ka ho omaulia ana o ka wela poe kuai e lawe emi mai o elima minuke. Kekahi hui i produces a kuai ia mau lako a pan ana e haawi mai ai kela mea keia mea i ko lakou mau Recruitment polokalamu. Ua hiki ke hoʻoili 'ole o ka uku ole, mai ka poe punaewele paha, e hele mai i kou oihana lākou technician, a hoʻouka ia no ka noa. Eia naʻe, e like me ka hopena o ia ho mea pololei, hiki mākou paulele aku ia ia, aʻaʻole i akamai ina ka Hookah e kaua i loko o ka palupalu a me kona nā kānaka hoʻokūkū? O kéu lolouila me ka m'kini helu pono ike ai ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka naʻauao o kēia ano o ka ho omaulia ana o ka wela poe kuai moni. E ka ho'āʻo e Hoʻokaʻina 'ia mai nā lāliʻi.

He aha mea he wela poe kuai

Ma mua o ka lawelaweʻana i ka i ka ho omaulia ana o ka wela poe kuai, e hoomanao iā mākou, a me ka ke ano o ia kekahi mea? Teplomassoobmennyh i hoʻomākaukauʻia (aka wela poe kuai, iʻikeʻia me ka wela, e loaa hou i hoʻomākaukauʻia ai TOA) - he mea no ka hoololiia ana o ka wela mai kekahi coolant i kekahi. Ma ke kaʻina hana o ka coolant mahana loli i hoʻololi 'ana i kā lākou nuʻa, a, me, nuipa indices waiwai. I mea no ke aha la e like me keʻano o ka hanaʻana i haawi ia ia i ka wela a me ka nuipa a hoolilo.

'ano o ka wela hoolilo

Ano, e ka kamailio e pili ana i ka wela hooliloʻAno - loaʻa nā wale ekolu. Ka pāhawewe ke - hoolilo o ka wela ma ka pāhawewe. E like me he kumu, ua hiki ke hoole i ka sunbathing ma ke kahakai ma ka mehana kauwela lā. Aʻo kēia mau wela poe kuai moni hiki ke loaʻa i loko o ke kuai (şarkı ea heaters). Eia naʻe, ka hapanui pinepine no ka home paio hahana maoli nō, na keena ma ka keʻena mākou e kuai i ka aila a me ka pila paio hahana maoli nō. Kēia mea he laʻana o kekahi 'ano o ka wela hoolilo - au paialewa. Au paialewa mea maoli, involuntary (extract, a ma ka pahu e kuai) a me ka ÿole mechanical makou a holo (me ka peahi, no ka laʻana). Ka hopeʻano mea nui ka hoʻokō aku.

Naʻe, i ka loa ka hoʻokō ano o ka wela hoolilo - o ka thermal conductivity, paha, ka mea, ua kapaʻia like, conduction (conduction o English -. "Conductivity"). I kekahi lunaʻenehana ka mea e hele ana e hoopaa i ka thermal manao o ka wela poe kuai, mua o nā mea a pau e pili ana i manao pehea e koho efficient lako a pan i loko o ka palena iki o ka lewa. A me ka mea kahu ai i ka hoʻokō i kēia mea ma ka conduction. An hoohalike no keia mea i ka loa mana a hiki i ka lā TOA - anuanu wela poe kuai moni. Una TOA ma ka ho'ākāka 'ana - i ka wela poe kuai i hoʻoili wela mai ka coolant a hiki i kekahi i kekahi ma ka pa kaawale ia. ʻO kā mākou hiki hui 'āpana ma waena o nā mau Medium pu me ka oiaio wae mau mea, a me kā lākou pili papa mānoanoa Ana koho e kń Lako ana ka hoopakele ana i ka palapala oaoieei-ano koi' ia i loko o ke kaʻina.

'ano o ka wela poe kuai moni

Mua oe i lawe mai i ka i ka ho omaulia ana o ka wela poe kuai e hooponoponoia ia mea, ma konaʻano. All TOA hiki ke maheleia i mau nui pūʻulu: recuperative a regenerative wela poe kuai moni. I ka papa kuhikuhiE koena unuhi therebetween mea like penei: ma ka TOA recuperative wela, e loaa hou i wahi ma ka pa hookaawale ana i ka mau wela meakino, a hele mai ma ka hui 'ana me kekahi i kekahi, i loko o nā regenerative Media, pinepine e noi ana mahope paʻipaʻiʻia ai a me ka hoʻolaʻaʻia i loko o kūikawā separators. Regenerative wela poe kuai moni, ua māheleʻia i loko o ka wela poe kuai moni, a hoʻohuihui me ka kīʻamo (wahi hana 'ole waena). 'ōlelo koʻikoʻi akula olelo ana, he bākeke o ka wela o ka wai, e kau mai i loko o ke anu, a me ke aniani o ka wela kī, kau i ho'ēmi i loko o ka Pahu Hau (loa, mai hana!) - keia mea i hana no ka hui pu iaʻi TOA. A ninini ana kī saucer a anuanu maila i ka ka mea, no laila mākou e hele i ka hana o ka regenerative wela poe kuai me ka kīʻamo (saucer, ma keia hana Radio ka kīʻamo loa), i ka mua ua hoʻomaopopo i ka Ambient lewa, a lawe kona wela, a laila, Nāna e koho i loko o ia i ka hapa o ka wela o ka ninini ana o wela kī e imi ana i nā Media alakai thermal equilibrium? aaeei i. Eia naʻe, e like me mākou i loaʻa ai mamua aku efficient ana o ka thermal conductivity e hoolilo wela mai kekahi meakino i kekahi, nolaila, oi pono ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka wela hoolilo (a me ka hoʻomano hoʻohana) TOA i keia la - o ka papa, recuperative.

Thermal a mall i ka ho omaulia

Kekahi i ka ho omaulia ana o ka regenerative wela poe kuai hiki ke i ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ka hopena o ka thermal, neaa a me ka ikaika ho. Ka mea, e pono kīvila kanaka, paʻa mau no ka manao o ka hou lako a pan a me 'ana i kūpono nō ke kumu no ka helu ana i ka mahope Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka hookahi' ano o na manao ona laina. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana o ka thermal TOA i ka ho omaulia mea e hooholo i ka koi wela mailʻilikai āpana no ka hale lio ana o ka wela poe kuai a me ka malama ana i ke koi 'ia kiko'î o ka Media, mākeke. Muli o kona kulana pinepine ia ma na helu nā kānakaʻenehana i haawi mai ākeʻakeʻa kumu cia o ke kaupaonaʻana, a me ka nui 'ano o ka wā e hiki mai? Ieaoa (mea, anawaena paipu, papa, Ana, lāʻau anahonua,' ano a me ka lako e finning listen'ōlelo.), Naʻe ma hope o ka wela ua nō kāu mālama 'constructive i ka ho omaulia poe kuai. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ina ka muaʻanuʻu lunaʻenehana, noonoo iho la e pono aiʻilikai wahi no ka haawiia mai anawaena paipu, no kekahi laʻana, 60 mm o, a me ka lōʻihi o ka wela poe kuai pela huli ma kahi o kanaono mika, ia mea Logical e kuhi hoʻololi multistage wela poe kuai paha i ka şarkı laulauʻano, a, e hoomahuahua i ka anawaena o na paipu.

neaa i ka ho omaulia

Neaa a hydro-ÿole mechanical, a aerodynamic omaulia hana e hōʻike a me ka hoʻoikaika neaa (aerodynamic) puʻe lilo ana i loko o ka wela poe kuai, a me ke hoÿomaulia i ka ikehu hoopau ana, e lanakila maluna o lakou. I ka ho omaulia ana o kekahi alanui, Kanal a paipu no ka paio hahana maoli nō meakino e hooholo ia 'alo kanaka iniiaiie hana - io? I ka wela mail kaʻina hana ma ka paena. Ia mea, i kekahi meakino pono kekahi, a me ka kekahi mea e kiʻi like ka nui o ka wela ma ka palena iki wā mawaena o kona papa. He pinepine pili hou wela mail ili i loko o ka palapala o ka fin surfaces ulu (no ka hookaawale ana i ka mokuna laminar sublayer a me ka hōʻoi 'pele turbulence). E pono ai ke koena no ma neaa ka pōʻino, ka like o ka wela launa likeʻili, ke kaumaha a me ka nui 'ano, a me ka hoi ana'ku wela ia auoiaea o ka hopena o ka hoʻopiha thermal, neaa a me ka constructive TOA i ka ho omaulia.

o kéu hoʻomaopopo i ka ho omaulia

Ka hōʻoia 'ana i ka wela poe kuai ua lawe mai i loko o ka hihia ma ia mea e pono ke waiho i ka mana hookoe no kekahi wela launa likeʻilikai wahi. I ka ili o ke koena no kekahi mau kumu, a me kekahi wahi, i hiki, ina pela koi 'ia ma o nā hua'ōlelo o ka kūmole, ina ka Hookah hoʻoholo i ka hana i hou palena pau no e ponoʻoiaʻiʻo i keia wela e e kuu i ka? Eia, a me ka loa kń hewa i loko o ho. Ma kekahi hihia, e koi piko no kēia polopelema mall Ana hualoaʻa ma nā (evaporators, economizers) i loko o ka i ka ho omaulia ana o ka 'auhau o ka wela poe kuai mai ka' hoʻolauna palena pau ili ma luna o ka mea'opihiaʻaila mea hoʻohaumia makana i loko o ka refrigeration huakai kaapuni. Ae, a pono e ia poe ilihune i ka wai e like ai i ka mooolelo. Ma hope o ka manawa, o ka pahee hana o ka wela poe kuai moni, o ka oi aku ma kiʻekiʻe mahana, ka scum kikiʻo ma luna o ka ili o ka wela launa like nakeke, hoemi i ka wela hoolilo kaʻi lau waiwai, a inevitably e alakai ana i ka ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o parasitic ka wela takeoff. No ia mea, e hiki lunaʻenehana, he i ka ho omaulia ana o ka wela poe kuai "wai-wai", uku nānā 'ana i ka mea hou me ke koe o ka wela launa like ili honua. O kéu hoʻomaopopo i ka ho omaulia, a pana aku au i ka mea e ike ana i ka ipu koho, e hana ma luna o nā, kula kiʻekiʻe 'ole. No ka laʻana, ma ke kikowaena ea conditioners (ea-lako hou i nā mea hoʻonoho) heaters no ka mua a me ka lua o ka hahana maoli nō kēia i hoʻohana ma o ka anu wa pono, a me ka pinepine pū i ke kauwela no ka anuanu lako hou ea, e ai ana anu ka wai i loko o ka lewa wela poe kuai Tube. e haawi aku Pehea e Launch ka mea, a me ka mea i ka mea kiko'î e loiloi i ke kīkoʻo i ka ho omaulia.

noiʻi koho

Research TOA omaulia lawe mai ma luna o ka muli o ka hopena o ka thermal i ka ho omaulia a me ka hōʻoia. Ka mea, ua pono, e like me ka rula, e hana i ka mea hou hoololi ai i ka 'ole o ka papahana noonoo. Lakou i hana i ka hooponopono i kekahi nā helu kaulike e waiho i loko o ka i ka ho omaulia ÷ hoʻokō TOA loaa empirically (no ka mana ikepili). Hana noiʻi komo ai i ka i ka ho omaulia ana o nāʻumi a me kekahi manawa haneri o ka helu ma ka kūikawā kumumanao, ke kino a hoʻokō i loko o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie e like me ka makemakika kumumanaʻo o ka manao o ka ho okolohua. E like me nā hualoaʻa hōʻike i ka aoao o kekahi mau olelo a me ka physical mea i hana nā hoailona TOA.

nā helu

Ka i ka ho omaulia ana o ka wela poe kuai āpana, mai hoopoina e pili ana i ka ia'ku o ka pono hana. Oiaio hoʻomaulia TOA nā kéu kaʻana o pa alima no ka anakahi uila, torsional IeIIeYOA i ka i kā mākou allowable hana minute e au mamuli, a me nā aka wahi o ka wā e hiki mai ana o ka wela poe kuai. Me ka palena haʻahaʻa Ana o ka huina hoonui e e ikaika, i ka pilina paʻa, a hoʻopaʻa i ka palekana ana i ka likeʻole, a hiki i ka loa māluhiluhi ana.

Hōʻeuʻeu i ka ho omaulia ua hana e hooholo likeʻole ano o ka wela poe kuai ma iaaanu hana 'ole.

Ano o ka wela poe kuai manao

Recuperative TOA ma ka mea i manao ai hiki ke puunaueia i ka helu i lawa nui o nā pūʻulu. Ka loa ka ikeia, a me ka hoʻomano hoʻohana - he pā wela poe kuai, ea (Finned Tube), iwi a me ka şarkı wela poe kuai moni "paipu ma ka paipu", iwi-a-pa, a me na mea e ae. Aia i oi loa hana kūikawā a me ka mea lahaʻole hoailona ia mea, e laʻa me,ʻoni iho (cochlea-poe kuai) a me ka scraper, a hana me ka h ÷ ai 'ole-Newtonian fluids, a ua nui no hoi na ano.

Heat poe kuai "Tube ma Tube"

E noonoo oe i ka simplest i ka ho omaulia ana o ka wela poe kuai "Tube ma Tube". Structurally, i kēia 'ano o TOA ua maximally Nohie. Ma olalo i ka pahale şarkı nakeke, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO wela wela hoolilo loli e kń poho, a me loko o ka hale noho ai i loko o ka pahale mawaho Tube, ka coolant anuanu holo. Lunaʻenehana hana ma keia hihia ho'ēmi i kā i ka manao paa o ka lōʻihi o ka wela poe kuai ma ke kumu o ka pōpilikia wela kūkaʻiʻilikai wahi, a hoʻoholo ma mua ka ho.

He waiwai ohui ia i loko o thermodynamics hoʻolauna iā 'o ka manaʻo o ka maikaʻi wela poe kuai, i mea o ka mana loa lōʻihi pa alima, kahi coolants hana ma ka loan, a ma waena o maopopo triggered ana wela like. Ka manao "paipu ma ka paipu" hoʻopuniʻana me kēia mau koi. A ina holo countercurrent wela hoolilo fluids, ka mea, e ia i ka ai-kapaia "loan-maoli" (i kue i kea-like ma ka pā TOA). Mahana puʻe loa ka pono triggered ka wā i ke kalepa ae la lakou hui. Eia naʻe, ae hana i ka "paipu ma ka paipu" i ka ho omaulia ana o ka wela poe kuai e eʻoia iʻo, aʻaʻole e hoʻopoina e pili ana i ka hoʻoholo ke keʻena, e like me ka nanea ana o ka mea hoʻonoho. evrofury lōʻihi - 13.5 m, a me ka ole a pau oaoieei-iauaeoia hakuloli e skid a me ka mea hoʻonoho o ka lako a ua lōʻihi.

Shell a Tube wela poe kuai moni

Nolaila, e ka hapa o ka i ka ho omaulia ana o ia ka mea smoothly kahe ana i loko o ka i ka ho omaulia o ka iwi a me ka şarkı wela poe kuai. Kēia i hoʻomākaukauʻia, ai ka şarkı laulau mea i loko o ka hoʻokahi hihia (pōkā pū), holoi iho la ia e okoa coolants, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka mākaʻikaʻi lako a pan. Ma capacitors, no kekahi laʻana, holo ma ka refrigerant lākeke, a me ka wai - i loko o ka Tube. Me keia hana o ke kalepa hana kūpono hiki a oi efficient i ka pāʻana i ka hana o ka pa alima. Ma ka evaporators, conversely, ka refrigerant maʻi hēhē ma na paipu, a ua holoi iho la me ka ho'ēmi wai (ka wai, brines, glycols, etc.) ka mea. No laila, ua hoemiia ka i ka ho omaulia-şarkı wela poe kuai, e kń i ka lako a nui. Imi me ke anawaena o ka pōkā pū, ke anawaena, a me ka helu a me ka lōʻihi o ka pāʻohe nakeke lunaʻenehana komo i ka hōʻailona i ko waiwai o ka wela launa likeʻilikai wahi.

ea wela poe kuai moni

Kekahi o ka loa, he pono ole ma kahi loihi wela poe kuai moni - he finned şarkı wela poe kuai moni. Ka mea, i kapaʻia coils. Auhea ka mea, i ole wale like HEN, mai fancoils (mai ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia. Hoʻopuehu lākou +'ōwili hao, a laila, "hoʻopuehu lākou" + "'ōwili hao") ma na ālai' Wāwahi nenoai i ke kanaka nunui flue kinoea recuperator (koho o ka wela mai o ka wela flue kinoea a me ka hoololi ia no ka paio hahana maoli nō) i loko o ieoaeunoai ma ChP. I mea no ke aha la ka i ka ho omaulia ana o ka'ōwili hao poe kuai hilinaʻi nui ma ke noi, ma ka wela hele i loko o hana. Hanalima ea coolers (VOPy) hoʻouka kekahi ma na keena hawewe-paʻahau ai, ma ka pahu hau ai ma haʻahaʻa ana wela a me nā mea o ka ai refrigeration, e noi mai ana i kekahi mau mall hiʻona i loko o ko lakou manao. Distance ma waena o lamella (fin) e e maximized, e hoomahuahua i ka manawa o ke ana hana ma waena o defrost pōʻaiapuni. Vaporizers no DCs (ʻikepili waena), ma ka mea ku ole, i hiki i ka oi kana olelo hoopomaikai ka hopuʻana mezhlamelnye loihi a hiki i ka palena iki. Oia wela poe kuai moni e hoʻohana ana ma ka "maʻemaʻe ciia", hoopuniia ma ke olonā i Kānana (mai i HEPA papa), nae, keia i ka ho omaulia ua lawe mai o ka omo wela poe kuai me ka hoʻokoʻikoʻi ma luna o minimizing ka nohona ma Ana.

pā wela poe kuai moni

Currently ka pilina paʻa koi no ka anuanu wela poe kuai moni. E like me kona constructive manao, ka mea, e oo gasketed a me kalaka nui-welded, a me mednopayanymi nikelpayanymi, welded a brazed maholahune iaoia (me solder). Thermal manao o ka una honua wela poe kuai mea nui kūpono'ōlewa, aʻaʻole maopopo paʻakikī i ka lunaʻenehana. Ke koho kaʻina ke pāʻani 'ano papa, hohonu auwai a ho okumu i, fin type, kila mānoanoa, okoa mea, a, ka hapanui importantly - maʻamau nui Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka manao maalea o kekahi nui like' ole he nui. Oia wela poe kuai moni, ua haʻahaʻa a me ka laula (no ka mahu hahana maoli nō kēia o ka wai) a kiʻekiʻe, a ololi (kaawale ana wela poe kuai moni no ka lewa-hoʻoikaika kino nenoai). Ua pinepine hoʻohana ', a me ka meakino me ka pae hoʻololi, oa like condensers, evaporators, mahu coolers, predkondensatorov, a no laila, ma luna o. D. E hana thermal manao o ka wela poe kuai ke hoʻohana i ka biphasic kumu, he uuku ka paʻakikī i ko ka wela poe kuai ana o ka "wai-wai", akā, no ka inā pilikia ka haumāna lunaʻenehana keia pilikia mea solvable a me ka mea i maopopo loa paʻakikī. Mea e kōkua ai i kēia mau helu ke kālā no ka hana 'enekinia akamai hoʻohana kamepiula hōkeoʻikepili, kahi e hiki ke' imi i ka puu o ka pono 'ike, a me ka pae kiʻikuhi o kekahi refrigerant i loko o kekahi mea onionio ano, no ka laʻana, he polokalamu CoolPack.

I ka ho omaulia Laʻana poe kuai

I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao o ka i ka ho omaulia mea he i ka ho omaulia ana o ka mea kupono wela mailʻilikai wahi. Heat (refrigeration) mana ua ana i hoakaka ia ma ka hua'ōlelo o ka maopopo, akā, i loko o mākou laʻana, e hoʻomaulia 'mākou, a ia ia, no ka, e olelo oukou, he kaha o na koi hoakaka. I kekahi manawa ia i hana i ka palapala ikepili e kolo ana hewa. Kekahi o na hana o ke akamai lunaʻenehana - keia hewa, e imi, a koho. Me lakou i mea hoike, hana i ka ho omaulia papa wela poe kuai ana o ka "wai - wai a". E ia e ka separator kaapuni (puʻe nalu) ma kiʻekiʻe-ala hale. I mea e höʻike aku i ka puʻe ma luna o ka ipu, o ka hana ana o skyscrapers loa pinepine hoʻohana i kēia kokoke loa i kahi. Ma kekahiʻaoʻao o ka wela poe kuai i ka wai ma ka puka Tvh1 = 14 ᵒS a me OAAIeOO Tvyh1 = 9 ᵒS, a me ke kahe ana G1 = 14 500 kg / h, a ma ka 'ē aʻe - mea i ka wai, akā,' aneʻi me ka kēia mau mea kiko'î: Tvh2 = 8 ᵒS, Tvyh2 ᵒS = 12, G2 = 18 125 kg / h.

Pono mana (Q0) e huli i ka thermal koena haʻilula (e nānā i ka huahelu ma luna, i ka haʻilula 7.1 ..), Where CP - manaʻo thermal nona iho (papaaina waiwai). No ka naau kupono no ho mau aiee lawe i ka wela 'auhau EOT = 4,187 [kJ / kg * ᵒS]. E noonoo:

Q1 = 14 500 * (14 - 9) * 4,187 = 303557,5 [kJ / h] = W = 84,3 84321,53 kW - ma kaʻaoʻao mua, a

Q2 = 18 125 * (12 - 8) * 4,187 = 303557,5 [kJ / h] = W = 84,3 84321,53 kW - ma kaʻaoʻao lua.

E hoailona oukou ia, e like me ka haʻilula (7.1), Q0 = Q1 = Q2, nānā 'ole o ka aʻaoʻao o ka i ka ho omaulia lawe mai.

Eia, i loko o ka papa kuhikuhiE wela hoolilo helu kaulike (7.2), ua loaʻa i ka mea e pono ai 'ilikai āpana (7.2.1), kahi K - wela hoolilo kaʻi lau waiwai (ʻana i like i ka 6350 [W / ^m2]), a me ΔTsr.log. - 'O ia hoʻi-wela like, he pōpilikia ka haʻilula (7.3):

? T sr.log. = (2 - 1) / Ln (2/1) = 1 / ln2 = 1 / 0,6931 = 1,4428;

F He = 84321/6350 * 1.4428 = 9.2 ka m ^2.

Ma ka hihia ma ka wela hoolilo kaʻi lau waiwai i ike ole ia, i ka i ka ho omaulia mea iki aku huikau una wela poe kuai. Haʻilula (7.4) e manaoia Reynolds helu ma ρ - nuʻa [kg / ^m3], η - hōʻeuʻeu (viscosity), [N * mau / m + ^2], V - māmā holo o ka meakino i loko o ka leki uea [m / s], b knm - wettable hanau anawaena [ka m].

Mai ka papaʻaina, ua imi i ke koi 'ia waiwai Prandtl [PR], a me ka haʻilula (7.5), ua loaa ka Nusselt helu, kahi e N = 0,4 - he kinowai hahana maoli nō kēia kūlana, a me ka n. = 0,3 - anuanu maila i loko o ke kinowai ai ana.

Eia, i ka haʻilula (7.6) he pōpilikia wela hoolilo kaʻi lau waiwai, mai ka coolant a hiki i kēlā me kēia pā pōhaku, a ua mākaukauʻana i ka haʻilula (7.7) wela hoolilo kaʻi lau waiwai, a ua hookomoia ma ka haʻilula (7.2.1), e hoʻomaulia i ka wela mail 'ilikai wahi.

I ka mea ma luna o nā papakuhikuhi, λ - thermal conduction kaʻi lau waiwai, ϭ - ka mānoanoa o ke kai pa, α1 a me ka α2 - wela hoolilo coefficients o kela a me keia o ka wela hoolilo paia.