He aha nā mea neoplastic?

He nui ka poe makau i noho maʻi 'aʻai, a me ka pono pela. Kēia maʻi He mea weliweli a me ka ruthless. Ona hope ma muli o ka maʻi 'aʻai mea ma lua o ka wahi, ma hope wale nō o ka primacy o ka make, mai ka naau mai. I kekahi manawa kauka diagnosed like "neoplastic kaʻina." He aha kēia 'o ia hoʻi, ka hana ana ia mea,ʻaʻole no nā mea a pau nā mea maʻi. i manaʻo kekahi i keia mea i kekahi mea maikaʻi paha ma ka liʻiliʻi loa,ʻaʻole pilikia loa. I ka mea, e like me kaʻike, o ka mea ia neoplastic keʻano o ka hanaʻana i ka hana i loko o Ka maʻi 'aʻai. Ka mea, he aha ka poʻe o nā makahiki, e like me na kamalii uuku, e hoʻomōhala i loko i kekahi hui, a me kekahi'aʻaʻa o ke kino no ka manawa lōʻihi i ole i kekahi kanawai ma mua o ka mea hiki ole ke hana, a worsen i ka prognosis. Kēia 'atikala discusses na kumu o ka maʻi' aʻai, o ka oi aku o kona? Acaeoey a me kāu kiʻina hana o ka lapaau.

Ke etiology o ka hikoko

Neoplastic keʻano o ka hanaʻana i loko o kaʻokoʻa ala ua kapaia neoplasia, i unuhi 'ia hoʻi "hou ulu". More nā manawa ma keia kŰia -ʻeho, a 'o ia hoʻi'āno'ē, excessive, kipi ulu o'āno'ē aeee i mea e loli i kekahi kino'aʻaʻa. Neoplastic kaʻina i hoʻomaka me ka mutation i loko o ka hookahi aeea, akā, ua differentiated e like me ka maliu lahui'ōnaehana wale ka wā 1/3 o nā keena o kekahi hui, haalele i kona kahiko 'ano a me ka höʻike i loko o ka hou ana. Ke'ī mai, i ka hoʻomaka o ke kahua o ka maʻi 'aʻai aeee mea he elue no ka hooulu ana i ka maʻi, akā, keia ua,ʻaʻole i noʻonoʻo pono. Ma ka hapanui o na hihia, ka neoplastic kaʻina hoʻomaka ma kekahi wahi. ? Ac? Aaioea ka mea, ua kapaia ka iniiaiieʻeho. I ka wā e hiki mai, ka pathological mea hou i ka hana o nā kanaka nā loko, a me ka maʻi ahulau i systemic. E noonoo i na ano o ka maʻi 'aʻai keena.

mahele

Ko kakou kino ua i mai o ka miliona o aeee. Ka mea, i ano oko i loko o ka 'ole, ke kaumaha ma muli o ka hui, a'aʻaʻa oihana, i mea. Akā, e malama i ke kānāwai, he pono ole a pau o ia - e hōʻoia i ka viability o ka'ōnaehana like me ka a pau. Over ke ola ana o kela a me keia halepaahao, aia no he sequential aeea loli i mea ole pili me ka neoplastic kaʻina a me ka mea i pane i ke kauoha, a haawi mai i kona kino. No ka laʻana, multiplication (mahele) o maʻamau keena hoʻomaka wale nō ka wā e loaʻa ai ka hana kūpono neaiae, mai ka waho. Laina kolekole o ke alo i loko o ka moʻomeheu meakino a me ka 20% lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka ulu ana aʻe. Mau kumumea, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ho'ākāka' receptors pū i hiki ai i ka "mea" aeea replication (hoʻololi kemikala kaikamahine nā lātoma) o ka DNA, i mea, e puunaue. Cancer aeee mai i koi kauoha. Ua puu pehea kona makemake, unpredictably a uncontrollably.

Lua o ka luli ole kānāwai no ka maʻamau aeee mea i ka mea hiki ke hoʻomaka e kaʻana wale nō i loko o ka hihia o ka hoʻopili mea i ka kekahi extracellular mua, e like me fibronectin no fibroblasts mea. Inā he mea ole IeIIeYOA, a hiki ina he mau kauoha mai mawaho o ka mahele, aole ia ana mai. A Ka maʻi 'aʻai aeea i loko o ka'ōpū mai, aole ia e pono ai. Ua i loko o kona loli, ia paha ke kona mau "hui" i ka luna o ka mahele, ka mea pono e hoʻokō iho.

Helu o nā māhele

Normal keena ola, e olelo oukou, ma ka launa kaiaulu o ko lākou mau ano. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i ka mahele, ka ulu a me ka ulu ana o kekahi o lakou, aole ia i infringe ma luna o ke ola ana o kekahi. Interacting me kekahi i kekahi, a malalo o ia ka "Papa" cytokines ( 'ike nā lātoma), ka mea hooki i ka proliferate, i ka wa a keia nalo e pono no ka meaola. No ka laʻana, ka mea ia fibroblasts puunaue a ho okumu i ka anuanu monolayer, a kukulu iho la lakou aeea hui 'ana. I Kekahi Mau neoplastic kaʻina wehewehe aku ma ka mea i ka'āno'ē keena, a hiki ina ka mea, i ua mea nui loa, hoʻomau i ka hoonui, kolo ma kekahi i kekahi,'ōpā pū i ke kokoke keena, e luku ia lakou, a me ka pepehi. Cancer aeee mai i pane koke i "kauoha" cytokine ulu nā mea kūpale mahele ana i ka pau ana, a keu aku, ka mea, aole i pau i ka'ōlelo i kupu mai, mai kā lākou hana noho lakou malaila rula, e like me hypoxia, nele o nucleotides. Eia hou, ka mea, hoi loa pākīkē - hoʻomaka e ālai ia 'ana me ka hoʻololi kemikala o maʻamau ola aeee, hahau ia e paka waiwai,ʻaʻole e pono ia ia a me ka pono no lakou iho, pela disrupting ka pūnao. Eia hou, e hiki ke komo iloko i loko o ke koko a me ka neʻe i loko o kona mau pono ma ke kino, a noho i loko o nā nā'aʻaʻa aku, mai ka iniiaiieʻeho, 'o ia hoʻi, metastasize Ka maʻi' aʻai keena.

ka make ole

Ma ke ao, aohe mea i mau loa. Healthy aeee no hoi i ke ola kīkoʻo kona manawa a lakou i lawe mai lākou haawiia ka helu o ka mahele, i nā ulu elemakule a me ka make. O kŰia ua kapaia apoptosis. Me ia, i ke kino kākoʻo i ka ponoʻo ia i helu o kēlā me kēia halepaahao type. Neoplastic keʻano o ka hanaʻana i wehewehe aku e ka mea i ka mutated aeee "poina" i ka helu o ka papa, i ka mea, ua hoakakaia ma ke ano maoli, no laila, hiki ole i ka hope loa nui hoʻomau e mahuahua hou. Oia hoi, e kuai i ka hiki e ulu elemakule a me ka make. I ka Ia manawa ka hanana waiwai o ka maʻi 'aʻai keena kuai kekahi - he' aʻe 'ana o differentiation, oia hoi, hikoko hiki ole hana i ho'ākāka aeee i synthesize i ka pono nā polokina, a me ka mea, hoʻomaka e hoonui mua a hiki i waiwai nui.

neoangiogenesis

A me nā hiʻona o ka maʻi 'aʻai o kā lākou hana no ka loaʻeleu angiogenesis, a laila, i ke kahua o ka hou moku koko. Ma ke ola i ke kino, angiogenesis ia lŘlŘ i loko o ka nīnūnē nui, e laʻa me, ma ke kahua o scars ma ka hoola ana a me ka li nui foci. Neoplastic keʻano o ka hanaʻana pinepine i ka hana o ke kino mahuahua, no ka mea, ināʻaʻole hikoko i loko o ka hoomaka kino, e hōʻike moku koko, i nā mea a pau maʻi 'aʻai keena e noho i ka māhuaola i ka mea i pono ai. Eia hou, e hoʻohana i ka ipu koko a hiki i mua no hoi ma ke kino (e lilo metastases).

aaiaoe instability

I ka wā o ka maʻamau aeea i hookaawale, he hui ma lalo loaa he mau kope o ia. Ma lalo o kekahi aʻe i loko o kona DNA hoʻolako 'ole' ana, a he mea mahele "kaikamahine" - he mutant, ai kekahi hou ano. I ka mea i kona huli ana i kaʻana like, ma laila nō i nui hoopahaohao keena. Neoplastic keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hoʻomaka ai ko ke kiʻekiʻe o loaa mau mutations. Ka make ole ana o kēia mau keena a me kā lākou withdrawal mai ka subordination kauoha meaola hiki aku ai i oi malignant Lolina a me relentless Holomua o kaʻeho ka ulu ana.

kumu

Ke aeea hoʻomaka e hele incorrectly manawa i loli i loko o kona DNA. No ke aha ka mea, ana, ana i hua'ōlelo pane, aia no he kumumanaʻo wale, e like me a ka neoplastic keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hoʻomaka me ka kekahi degere o ka pahiki.

1. Hereditary aaiaoe predisposition. Nā mea hoʻonoho 200 'ano o ka maʻi' aʻai, kena ae la ia e aaiaoe abnormality kēia nā'ōewe:

'Wahi a no ka loaa o ka pōʻino, ua make DNA ioauoa;

-regulates hana kūleʻa ma waena o keena;

'Wahi a no ka uhiʻeho ulu.

2. Nine waiwai (carcinogens). E like me ka 'ikepili helu, mai ka MEA, ka mea i kuleana no ka 75% o ka hihia o ka maʻi' aʻai. Ike carcinogens i uahi paka, nitrosamines, epoxides, onaona hydrocarbons - oi ma mua o 800 oihana mua a me kā lākou i huiʻia.

3. Helu konohiki. O nā pāhawewe, pāhawewe, waiū i kiʻekiʻe mahana ma ka hewa.

4. Endogenous carcinogens. Kēia waiwai i hanaʻia i loko o ka meaola i hormonal haunaele, hoʻolako 'ole' ia ma metabolic keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

5. Oncoviruses. Ua Ua manaoio ia he mea he kūikawāʻano o ka mea hoʻomaʻi e hiki holo neoplastic keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Mau nā herpes mea hoʻomaʻi, papillomavirus, retrovirus, a me na mea e ae.

Ilihune a puni, ilihune kona mea e like ai, kiʻekiʻe manaʻoʻike stress hiki aku ai i ka mea i ka mutant keena ma ka hopena o ua mau mai, akā, me ko lakou'ōnaehana paleʻea palekana huai ae a eliminates manawa. Inā ka'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana ua hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia, ka'āno'ē keena hoʻomau e noho ai, a e ho'ōla lilo cancerous.

'ano o ka hikoko

People pinepine noi, neoplastic kaʻina, ia mea maʻi 'aʻai paha,ʻaʻole? Ke unequivocal pane ia ia i hana ole. All hikoko, ua māheleʻia i loko o nā waeʻano:

-dobrokachestvennye;

-zlokachestvennye.

Benign noonoo ka poe ma i keena hiki ke differentiated, a me ka i mai e haawi metastases.

Ma ka malignantʻeho aeee i pinepine loa lilo aku i ko lakou ano i ka'aʻaʻa mai a ka mea, Hawaiʻi. Kēia mau hale i ka kokololio ulu, akamai i ka infiltration (anal i pili nā'aʻaʻa a me nā loko), i metastasis a me ka pathological ia ma luna o ka meaola holoʻokoʻa.

Benign hikoko me ka pono hana pinepine hoʻomōhala i loko o malignant. Hoomaopopo i na lākou mauʻano:

-epitelialnye (mai i ka henua);

-epitelialnye hikoko o ka endocrine glands a me ka poi;

-mezenhimalnye (pahee nā'aʻaʻa);

-Muscular nā'aʻaʻa;

leho o ka lolo;

-organov ko mākou hopohopo kahua;

-krovi (haemoblast);

-teratomy.

developmental ke kahua

Ke paneʻana i ka ninau, neoplastic kaʻina, ia mea maʻi 'aʻai paha ole, ka mea pono e mai la oia ia ia i ka moku'āina me precancer ike i loko o ka pathogenesis o hikoko. Aia he mau ke ano o ia:

-obligatny (aneane mau huli i loko o Ka maʻi 'aʻai);

-fakultativny (haliu ae la ia i loko o Ka maʻi 'aʻai mea e mau loa ana me). Koho precancer hiki e hoike ia paka bronchitis a maʻi gastritis.

Kekahi neoplastic kaʻina 'aʻole i ulu koke, akā, i nā, pinepine e hoʻomaka ana me ka atypical loli a pau i loko o ka hookahi nā hīnaʻi manu. Kēia kahua ua kapaia he lālā. Ke'ī mai i loko o ka halepaahao ikea oncogenes (kekahi'ōewe e hiki huli i loko o ka malignant halepaahao). Ka maikai-ike oncogene p53, a maʻamau mea he Anati-oncogene, i ua īnea nei me ka hooulu ana o ka hikoko, a kahea aku ia, a me ka wā mutation.

I ka mea e hiki mai ana ke kahua, i kapaia ka paipai 'o ia'āno'ē keena hoʻomaka e puunaue.

Ke kolu o ke kahua me ua kapaia predinvazivnym. Ma keia hihia, kaʻeho ulu, akā, i loko o kokoke Aupuni i ole i komo iloko.

Ka ha o ke kahua - invasive.

Ka lima o ke kahua - metastasis.

Na hoailona o ka neoplastic kaʻina

Ma ka mea mua pae hoomaka pathology 'aʻole i hoike ia. E huli i ka mea nui loa paʻakikī, e like me nā haʻawina e like me ultrasound, X-kukuna, likeʻole kālailai. A laila, na nā mea maʻi 'kekahi symptoms, i ke ano o ka i hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka IIeEeAIEUAA o ka iniiaiieʻeho. No laila, kona kūpono 'ana i loko o kaʻili paha i loko o ka umauma hikoko a me neaiae mīkini'opihia, i ka ulu ana o ka ma-pepeiao - lohe lilo ana i loko o ka spine - ole i ana, ma ka lolo - neurological symptoms ma na maʻiʻaʻai - cough i loko o ka uterus - vaginal kahe ana ke koko. I ka cancerous keena hoʻomaka e hele io lākou lā kokoke nā'aʻaʻa, ka mea, e luku iā lākou i loko o ka ipu koko. Kēia ka mea kumu i ke ano o ke koko i loko o ka secretions,ʻaʻole wale mai i ka wahine. Penei, e ana i ke koko i loko o ka mimi wā ulu i ka neoplastic kaʻina hakuʻala, bladder a urinary'āpana nā mea palahēhē, ke koko i loko o ka noho e hōʻike i kakahiaka nui maʻi 'aʻai i loko o ka naʻau liʻiliʻi, ke koko mai ka nipple - heʻeho i loko o ka umauma. Oia symptoms pono i ka pū waikaua, a coerce koke komo i ke kauka.

Kekahi kakahiaka nui symptom o ka ai-i kapaia o ka poe liilii, na hoailona maʻi pale. Kona papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o ka laulāʻano o symptoms. General hiki ke kapaia ka hoʻomanawanui iki mai 'hoopii o ka nawaliwali, luhi, ala koke Lele ma ka wela, inexplicable mea ukiuki loa, a, ma ka mea ku ole, palaka i ka mea a pau, lilo o ka ikaika loa ka makemake, a ma keia manawa emaciation.

At mahope kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao, symptoms o intoxication, e like me discoloration o ka ili jaundiced me ka haikea hue, ua hoʻemi ili turgor, Ka maʻi 'aʻai cachexia.

I ka hikoko ma o ka lolo'aʻaʻa aie i ka mea i ke kino ua kaupalena ia e na iwi o ka puniu wale no, a me ka uluʻeho pokole ka loa i kaupalena 'ia, e like me ka pono me ka kumu o ka specificity o kēlā me kēia lolo māhele oihana, na symptoms i na ano e ae e differentiate IIeEeAIEUAA. Penei, ka neoplastic kaʻina hana ma ka hope o ka maopopo helehelena o ke ahonui o ka hihio, waihoʻoluʻu pokole kāna hana. A hiki aku i ke kaʻina hana i loko o ka kino aina o na hihio uaʻaʻole hoʻi i mālama, akā, ma laila nō auditory hallucinations. Kaʻeho ma ka frontal lobe o ka hoʻomanawanui ua wehewehe aku ma ka noʻonoʻo 'kāna hana, i ka olelo ana, a ma ka parietal aina ma ka' aʻe 'ana o Hawaii kuleana pili i a me ka pā lonoaʻili. Cerebellar symptoms - pinepine ka luaʻi a me ka weliweli headaches, a me lesions o ka lolo kumu - pilikia moni 'ia, naehana kāna hana, hoʻolako' ole 'ana ma o ka hana ana i na mea he nui kūloko ma nā loko.

Ma nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao hope o nā mea a pau maʻi 'aʻai hoʻomanawanui iki mai ka mahina excruciating eha, a hiki wale i ka hopu narcotic ai'.

lapaʻau '

E hookupaa aku i kaʻike, o "neoplastic kaʻina," na e hoomanawanui i akaaka malu i ka moʻo o ka ho'āʻo ma, a kau mai i ka hulina ana manaʻo. Recently pinepine hana ho'āʻo ma no kaʻeho hōʻailona. Mau mea waiwai i hiki hōʻike i ke alo o ka meaola i loko o ka neoplastic kaʻina hana, a hiki i ke kakahiaka nui kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Eia kekahi, he nuiʻeho hōʻailona kekahi, i ko lakou nui maoli wale me kaʻeho nā paʻi hua i loko o kekahi i kekahi hui,. No ka laʻana, kaʻeho peni mäka PSA Hōʻike i ke kumuhana ua hoʻomaka 'ana prostate neoplastic kaʻina, a me CA-15-3V oncomarker neoplastic kaʻina hana i loko o ka mammary gland. Ke downside Ka Ikepili no kaʻeho hōʻailona mea i i māhuahua aʻe lākou i loko o ke koko, a me nā maʻi i loko o ka politika-neoplastic keʻano o ka hanaʻana.

No ka meaʻike, o ka hoʻomanawanui ua lawe mai ia kālailai:

-Analysis o ke koko, mimi;

-UZI;

-KT;

-MRT;

-angiografiyu;

-biopsiyu (keia mea he mea nui Ka Ikepili, ma i ole huai ae wale i ke alo o ka maʻi 'aʻai, akā, i kona kahua o ka? acaeoey).

Inā e manao i ka na naau oʻu maʻi 'aʻai ua hana:

- Ka Ikepili o feces no ke alo o ka occult koko;

-fibrosigmoskopiyu;

-rektomonoskopiyu.

Neoplastic lolo kaʻina ua maikaʻi loa ia akulla e MRI. Inā ka hoʻomanawanui ua contraindicated i loko o kēiaʻano o kaʻike,,ʻo ia hana HI. Hoi kekahi poe kanaka no ka hikoko o ka lolo halihali mai:

-pnevmoentsefalografiyu;

-elektroentsefalogrammu (EEG);

-radioizotopnoe kaʻimiʻana;

-spinnomozgovuyu puncture.

lapaʻau

Inā ka maʻi hahau i nā keiki, i ko lākou nohoʻana ninoieoʻano nui ma ka chemotherapy a me ka radiotherapy,ʻoki kino ua kākaʻikahi hana. No ka iapaau ana o nā mākua hoʻohana a pau i loaʻa kāu kiʻina hana kupono i kekahi mau kahua o ka neoplastic kaʻina hana a me ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wahi o kona wahi:

-himioterapiyu (systemic lapaau ka heluna i ke kino a pau);

-luchevuyu a radiotherapy (ciia 'ana ma luna o kaʻeho e loli kokoke ola mau);

-gormonoterapiyu (ke hoʻololi i ka paka hormones i inhibit i ka ulu a me ka luku aku i kaʻeho, e like me prostate neoplastic kaʻina hiki ke docked ka hōʻemiʻana testosterone pae);

-immunoterapiyu (ikaika e loli ai i ke kino holoʻokoʻa);

he ano akamai Inc (ʻepekema e ho'āʻo ana e puku i ka mutated'ōewe ma luna o ka mea maʻamau p53);

-hirurgicheskuyu hana (hiki ke lawe mai, e wehe i kaʻeho paha, e emi i ke ahonui o ka hoʻomanawanui ma ka hoemi i ka hoomaka inoperableʻeho kokoke'aʻaʻa).

Outlook

Neoplastic kaʻina - ia mea,ʻaʻole he hoahewa. Ma na keiki, ma muli o ia ka mea i kā lākou mau keiki kino i hiki ke loaa koke aku, ke kēla maikaʻi i loko o 90% o ka hoopii, ina o ka hooulu ana o ka hikoko 'akomi i ka wanaʻao kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Akā, i loko o nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ma hope o nä keiki ke piha hoola i ka mālama nui mālama.

Ma nā mākua, he maikaʻi prognosis no ke kahua mua o kaʻeho ua 80%, a ma luna. I ke kolu o ka mua o ka 'ano hope o ka iapaau ana ua malama i loko o 30% -50% o ka hihia (ke kaumaha ma muli o ka wahi a me ka ano o kela a me keia ho okumu ana o ke kanaka kino). I ka ha o ka anu u, e like me ka 'ikepili helu mai ka 2% e 15% o nā mea maʻi ma hope o Inc ola 5 makahiki a oi. Mau oeeo? I hilinaʻi ma luna o ka wahi o kaʻeho. Ka mea liʻiliʻi loa i loko o maikaʻi prognosis prostate Ka maʻi 'aʻai, a me ka lolo.