I ka papa kuhikuhiE 'ano o nā kinoea

Nature ike ka papa kuhikuhiE Hawaii ekolu o kekahi mea: paa, wai a me ka gaseous. Ua aneane kekahi wai e loaʻa kēlā me kēia no ka i koe elua. He nui ka'ā ma ka heheʻe, omoāea a'ā ea ke hoopiha i na Contents. Akā,ʻaʻole na kinoea e ia i ke keʻena o ka ÷ haku mea a me ke kinowai. Aia i nāʻano o nā kinoea, a oko i loko o kā lākou waiwai, a me ka molekumu o ano o ka palapala noi.

Definition a me ka waiwai

Kinoea - he waiwai i ua wehewehe aku ma ka wa e kaawale aku ai ka palena iki waiwai o intermolecular paa, e like meʻeleu ka hoʻoneʻe o na (particles). XIX. Waiwai, a i kela ano keia ano o ka kinoea.

1. Fluidity, deformability, volatility, me ka makemake e hoʻonui loa i ka buke o ke naoh o nā'ātoma a me nā lātoma e papa a ala i loko o ke ana wela i hoike mai ai ia loli i loko o ka nui o ko lākou neʻe.
2. Aia, ma ke ana wela ma lalo i ka'aloʻahiʻa mea ulu, aole ia i ka hopena i loko o ke hoʻololi i ka kinowai moku'āina.
3. Hoopuni'opihia, hoemiia ma ka buke. Keia simplifies pēpēʻana a me ka hoʻohana 'ana.
4. Loa liquefied ma ka mīkini'opihia i loko o kekahi mau Oeao o ka puʻe a me ka wela noho pilikia nā loina.

By noiʻi inaccessibility ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka hoʻohana' ana i kēia mau kumu o kiko'î: wela, puʻe, ka leo a me ka molar nuipa a.

Mea Maluna o ka waiho

Ma ka 'āina a pau ano o kinoea i loko o ka lewa, lepo, ka wai a me ka.

1. Huina lakou o ka lewa: oxygen, naikokene, i carbon dioxide, argon, naikokene monoxide me impurities Neon, krypton, hydrogen, methane.
2. Ma ka pńpa naikokene, hydrogen, methane a me nā hydrocarbons, i carbon dioxide, luaipele'okesaside a me nā 'ē aʻe i loko o ka gaseous a wai a me ka moku'āina. Nō hoʻi, ma laila nō kinoea hoʻokomo kālā i loko o ka paa mahele ma ka admixture me ka papa o ka wai ma ka puʻuwai o ma kahi o 250 atm. i kŘpa a haʻahaʻa Mahana O Ke Kai (20 ° C).
3. Nā loko EIAaAO wailana kinoea - hydrogen koloriside, ammonia a poorly wailana - oxygen, naikokene, hydrogen, o carbon dioxide ¶ AL.

Kumu waiwai loa aku i ka hiki helu o artificially hana.

Mea Maluna ma ka flammability

Kela ano keia ano o nā kinoea, ke kaumaha ma muli 'ano' ano o ka mea hō'ā kaʻa, a'ā keʻano o ka hanaʻana i mahele ia i loko o oxidizing, inert, a me ka flammable.

1. Oxidants a he hoʻonui i ke ahi retardant, akā, ka mea e ole puhi: ea, oxygen, fluorine, chlorine, naikokene monoxide a me ka'okikene lua.
2. Inert mai i komo i loko o'ā, nae, kamaʻilioʻana i ka oxygen a me ka ole ma pinepine 'ka ho'ēmiʻana kaʻina: helium, Neon, xenon, naikokene, argon, o carbon dioxide.
3. Combustible malamalama a explode hui me ka o oxygen: methane, ammonia, hydrogen, acetylene, propane, butane, kalapona monoxide, ethane,'etolina. Ka hapa nui o ia i wehewehe aku e ke ahi i loko o kekahi olelo o ke kinoea hui wale. Aie i keia waiwai, ke kinoea - i wahie type, ka loa, he pono ole i keia la. Kēia Ua hoʻohana 'ia e like me methane, propane, butane.

I carbon dioxide a me kona kūlana

Ka mea, o kekahi o ka loa e like me ka kinoea i loko o ka lewa (0.04%). Ma lalo o maʻamau ka mahana a me ka lewa puʻe mai i ka pa apŘ o 1,98 kg / ka m ^3. Ua hiki ia i loko o ka p ÷ haku a me ke kinowai ai moku'āina. Paa pae ia lŘlŘ ma haʻahaʻa holo 'awelika o ka wela a me ka ikaika ka lewa puʻe, ka mea, ua kapaia "maloo hau". Ke kinowai pae CO ₂ Ua hiki i ka wa a ka manaʻo koikoi, piʻi pū. Keia waiwai ua hoʻohana 'ia no ka pūnaewele, halihali a me ka palapala noi kaʻina. Sublimation (ke hoʻololi i ka gaseous moku'āina o ka paa, me ka palapala wai a pae) Ua hiki ma -77 - -79˚S. Solubility i loko o ka wai ma ka lākiō o ka 1: 1 Ua hoʻomaopopo ma na = 14-16˚S.

Ano o ka o carbon dioxide loli aʻe ke kaumaha ma muli o ka ho omaka ana.

1. Products o ka mea kanu a me ka holoholona neoneo, pele ea puka, kinoea hookuuia mai o ka honua, na kino o ka wai omoāea mai o ka 'ilikai.
2. Nā hopena o ka hana kanaka, a me nā ea puka mai'ā o mōʻalihaku.

E like me ka mea pono keia mau waiwai ua hoʻohana 'ia:

1. Ke carbon dioxide i ke ahi extinguisher.
2. ʻO nā paukūʻolokaʻa no ka piʻo kuʻihao i loko o ka meakino kupono o ka CO _2.
3. Ma ka ai hana me ka preservative, a no ka aerating i ka wai.
4. E like me ka refrigerant no? Aiaiiuie ka huʻihuʻiʻana.
5. Ma ka Nine Inch oihana puolo.
6. Ma metallurgy.

I ka paʻa mau ke keʻena o ke ola ana o ka Honua, he kanaka e hana ana i machines a me ka poe mea kanu, ke o carbon dioxide accumulates i loko o ka papa lalo a me luna o ka lewa, hoʻokaʻuluaʻana i ke kala o ka wela, a e pili ana i ka "hoʻomehana honua".

Liquefied kinoea a me kona kūlana

Mawaena o na waiwai o maoli kumu a me ka mākaʻikaʻi kaʻina ua kaʻawale ia i keʻano kiʻekiʻe o ka combustibility a me calorific waiwai. No ka pūnaewele, halihali a me ka hoʻohana 'ana, me ka hahai ana i ke ano o ka liquefied kinoea: methane, propane, butane, a me ka propane-butane ukuhiia.

Butane (C ₄ H _10), a me ka propane i eiiiiiaiou o kaʻaila kā kinoea. Ka mua liquefied ma -1 - -0,5˚S. ua i lawe mai ka hoʻohanaʻana a me ka palapala noi i loko o ke anu ino maemae butane ma muli o ia kona ke kūpaleʻana. Liquefaction mahana o ka propane (C ₃ H ₈₎ -41 - -42˚S, noho pilikia puʻe - 4,27 MPa.

Methane (Ch _4), - i ka papa kuhikuhiE ke keʻena o maoli kinoea. Kind kinoea kahi - aila hoʻokomo kālā, i nā huahana o biogenic keʻano o ka hanaʻana. Liquefaction ia lŘlŘ Via mīkini'opihia pae, a emi wela i -160 - -161˚S. Ma kēlā kahua ka mea, ua'opihia ma 5-10 manawa.

Liquefaction ua lawe mai ma luna o kūikawā mea kanu. Hoopukaia propane, butane, a me ka läÿau, ia mea no ka hale a me ka hanalima ana kaawale. Methane ua hoʻohana 'ia ma ka hana, a me ka wahie no ka amo. I ka la mahope i hiki ke hua mai i loko o ka'opihia palapala.

'opihia kinoea a me kona kūlana

Ma nā makahiki, ka hiʻona o kuai'opihia maoli kinoea. I ka propane a me ka butane ua hoʻohana 'ia wale nō liquefaction, ka methane hiki ke hua mai i loko o ka liquefied a'opihia. Hue kinoea ma lalo o ka manaʻo koikoi kiʻekiʻe o 20 MPa loaʻa paha kekahi mau pono ma luna o ka luawai-ike liquified.

1. Ke kiʻekiʻe uku o ke omoāea, a me ma haʻahaʻa ea mahana, i hoʻomāhuahua o ioʻike manaʻo.
2. A ma lalo nui o kaʻawahia.
3. Piha'ā, kiʻekiʻe ka hoʻokōʻana,ʻaʻohe io ia i ka ipu, a me ka lewa.

Ua Ua increasingly ke hoʻohana ole wale no ia i kona kalaka akā, no hoi no ka ohua kaa e like me ka ieoaeunoai lako a pan.

Kinoea - unobtrusive akā, paʻa mau 'Oponopono no kanaka ola. High calorific waiwai o kekahi o i ho'āpono ka laulā hana o na eiiiiiaiou likeʻole o maoli kinoea i ka wahie no ka hanalima, a me ka halihali.