Ivan Fyodorov: Kawaihae o kona ola ana, kiʻi

Ka mua puke nā mīkini paʻi i loko o Rusia i hānau i ka inoa Moskovitin. Akā mamo Ua hoʻomaopopoʻia ia Ivan Fedorov. Ke Kawaihae o keia kamahaʻo kanaka piha o ka hanana a me ka hele ana, no ka mea, i mea nui e kahińuli nā lāliʻi loa nui. Kēia manawa pōkole Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo o ke ola ana o ke kanaka nui, i ke kumu no ka hanaia'na o ka puke ma luna o ke kumuhana "Ivan Fedorov Kawaihae no kao." Kawaihae i keia kanaka, e e hana hoihoi i ka mea nana e ua hoihoi i loko o ka ulu ana o ka Lūkini moʻokalaleo, kuhikuhi no ka opiopio heluhelu. Kawaihae Ivan Fedorov no keiki e hoʻohuli i i ka manaʻo nui o kona mau hana me ka ÷ ino a me ka paionia. Aia hoʻi, ke kūpono 'ana o ka' ōlelo Lūkini he mea hiki ole ke manao wale me ka wahi. A me ka inoa o ka originator o ka Lūkini puke - Ivan Fedorov.

maʻamau vitae

paionia ola makahiki - 1510-1583. Ke mau lā o ka hanau ana o Ivan Moskovitina IKE OLE IA. Kona inoa mea loa paha i ole ana ma luna o kaʻohana inoa, a me ka wahi o ka hanau ana. I ka manawa i kapa Russ he uuku na'lii, geographically häʻawi mai ai iä Rzeczpospolita. Ka nui'ākau mokuna o kēia Rusia ma ka 16th kenekulia i ike i ka haole Muscovy.

Ua uaʻike ia i ka manawa'ōpio wale nō, Ivan hele i lohe nui, a aʻo maʻEulopa kulanui. O ka poʻeʻEulopaʻike heluhelu pepehi Ivan Moskvitina - no ka mea, ma ka manawa o ka pai ia puke i, ua ikeia no ma luna o ke keneturia maʻEulopa. Education 'ilikai i ka wa ua okoa, mai mea ana i ike ia ma ka home Ivan Fedorov. Kawaihae makemake ole e piha me ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ka manaʻo ia i iʻEulopa.

Ka mua pai ana i ka hale o

An hana hoihoi Kawaihae Ivana Fedorova no nā keiki e e heluʻia ma luna o ka wahi o ka mea mua pai hale, i ka aia ma ka mokuna o ko mākou'āina. Ua wehe ia ka mua typographic Workshop ma Moscow. Kona hana i ikaika ua hoʻopili i ka inoa o ka mea nana ka waiwai, ka mea i kapa ia ia iho Ivan Fedorov. Pōkole Kawaihae o keia kanaka i ka 'i ia mea he mea maikai ia i i hoʻomaka i kekahi, a me ka pu a me typographer a me kona hoa, ua Petr Timofeevich Mstislavtsev kona inoa. E like me ka manao paa o Tsar Ivan ka weliweli, ma ke pai ana i hua mai la haipule puke. Kuleana no ka mō'ī o ka mīkini paʻi, ua hoonohoia iho Ivan Fedorov. Pōkole Kawaihae o nā keiki i ka hōʻike i ka mua mīkini paʻi i kekahi Jack o nā aiao? Oi? - ia i hooki i ka Ka Uluwehi O Ke wahi, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka papa ohia laau,ʻo ia i hele mai me ka ohi ana i nā kinona hua, oia hoʻonaniʻia i kona mua puke.

"Ka lunaolelo"

First paʻiʻia kā lākou puke i kapaia "Ka lunaolelo." Kawaihae Ivan Fedorov no na keiki ke ole kāpae'ōlelo i kēia lei puke. Kupaianaha vignettes, akaka pai ana i nā kinona hua a me ka maikaʻi ki io e i kēia puke i ka hana o no oe.

He nui no ka "lunaolelo" a paʻi pihaʻi me ka manaʻo o ka mīkini paʻi. Ka mea, commentator hōʻike iā ia iho i ka lahui hoʻonaʻauao ke kanaka, ua poeko i loko o ka palapala, ai kūmau o ka Lūkini 'ōlelo i ka manawa. Ka hapa nui o ka manaʻo i kakauinoaia wale, "Ivan Fedorov". Pōkole Kawaihae o keia kanaka pono pono hōʻike i ka puke āna i paʻi ma ka behest o ka Auguseto ole wale. I ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu o ka mea kākau i ka hoolaha i kekahi puke "i loko o ka maikai o ka Lūkini kanaka." Ka mua "lunaolelo" Ua hoʻolimalima i ka piha apono ana o ka Ekalesia, a ua paʻiʻia me ka holo o ka 2,000 kope. Ua Ua ola i hou aku 60 rarities.

"Pule"

O ka lua o ka puke, paʻiʻia ma Moscow typographic Workshop ua "pule." hoomau kona kākau i ia Peter Mstislavets a me Ivan Fedorov. Kawaihae Russian puke-mīkini paʻi mau i pau ka moni ma luna o kona lua puke. Ua ua ikeia ia mea, ua kekahi he haipule paʻi puke, a ua hoʻokomo i ka ahakanaka me ka piha apono o ka Orthodox Church.

kela aoao

Kawaihae Ivan Fedorov no keiki e ole e ma muli o ka Episode kaumaha o kona ola. No ka helu o nā kumu ma kela aoao o kona paʻi palapala pāʻoihana ma Moscow i ka huli. Paha i ke kumu no kā lākou hele ua imminent pilikia posed ma ka hou koa Ivana Groznogo - na guardsmen. Ka mīkini paʻi mua heʻe akula i ka Luna Nui Duchy o Moscow, a noho i loko o ka Luna Nui Duchy o Lithuania, i loko o ke kūlanakauhale Zabłudów, i ua a ianoiyuaa a aia ma luna o ka mokuna o Poland. Nani mua nā mīkini paʻi, a hiki i kēia mau keʻena wahi - Fedorov a me Mstislavets ikaika aloha i loko o ka hale o ka Hetman Grigoriya Aleksandrovicha Hotkevicha. Big adherents o Orthodoxy a me ke kākoʻo iā ia, no ke kuokoa o Duchy o Lithuania,ʻo ia i kaumaha aku i kona malu mua mīkini paʻi. Koke, ua hookumuia ia he uuku typographic Workshop ma lalo o kona patronage ma i prepares ka lehulehu ākea o ka puke ma Church Slavonic.

"E ao aku i ka euanelio,"

Zabludovskii ka mea mua Revised edition ua "e ao aku i ka euanelio," paʻi i ka 1569. Ma hope o kona OAAIeOO mau kuamoo diverged mua nā mīkini paʻi - Mstislavets hele aku la i ke kulanakauhale o Vilna, a me ka hopohopo a pau e pili ana i ka hopena o ke pai ana i luna o Ivan Fedorov. Kawaihae o ka wā o ke ola, e hōʻike mai ana i ka hihia i, ua kau aku ma luna o ka paa kumu, a me ka mea hou buke, loaʻa kā lākou poʻe heluhelu. He nui ke ike ia i ka manawa o ka buke i mea nui i ke kumu o ka ike, e like me ke kumu o ke kulanakauhale alii? Iae. Paiia huahana ua loa pipiʻi, a enterprising i ka waiwai makemake e kālele 'ia i loko o ka buke, i mālama ana mea i kākau i loko o ia mau mea. Ka mea a ka mea, ua, "e ao aku i ka euanelio" Ua hoike mai ka pomaikai o keia hooikaika oe, a me Ivan Fyodorov hoomaka ae la e manaʻo o ka hou paiia o ka puke.

"Halelu"

1570 i ka mea maikaʻi o ka holoʻokoʻa wā o ka noho ana ma Zdolbunov. I keia makahiki i hele mai i loko o nui loa ka kaulana "halelu", hoʻonaniʻia frontispisnoy engraving depicting o Davida ke alii o ka Iseraela. 'O kēia kekahi o ka loa'āina hoʻohiwahiwa ka lehulehu ākea Fedorova, ana i hoolaa aku ai i kona hoa - ma kekahi o nā' aoʻao höʻailona o Khotkevych. Eia naʻe, mākou manawa olaʻehā wale nō kope o ka buke - mau o ia mea i loko o Western Europe - kekahi ma Rusia, a hoʻokahi - i loko o ka Ukraine.

Ka Union o Lublin i Hetman Khotkevych i loko o ka pilikia kūlana. He hiki i kākoʻo i ka nui mana o ke pai, a ua koi e hoole Fedorov kākoʻo a me ka patronage. haʻalele Book mīkini paʻi aloha Zabłudów, a hoʻoneʻe i ke kulanakauhale. Pela i hoomaka ai i ka wā o kona hana ma Lviv.

I ka 1574, ka mea mua i loko o Ukraine typographic Workshop i hoʻokumu i loko o Lviv. A hou i ka poli mea kākau, proofreader, a hoʻoponopono ia o Ivan Fedorov. Kawaihae no ka keiki makemake eʻoiaʻiʻo e loaʻa i ka hoi hou ana i kona mua puke-mīkini paʻi i hanaia - Lviv kona mua puke "Ka lunaolelo" hoomaka hou. Ma Lviv Fedorov au i ole i kekahi dala paha kulana, no laila, Lviv "lunaolelo" - keia mea i ka mua o na buke Fedorova, a i kona mau hana hoʻopuka puke momoku ahi. Here, Ua paʻiʻia ka mua grammar buke ma Russian, i kapaia o "ABC".

Jobs ma Konstantina Ostrozhskogo

Over manawa, i ka loaa a haʻalele i ka paionia, a ma Lviv, hoomaka ae la oia e alualu i ka kālā setback. He Ua haʻakoi e curtail kona hana a me kaʻae i ke kono ana o ka tycoon waiwai a me ka influential - Prince Konstantina Ostrozhskogo. Haku aloha i ka hoʻonaʻauao aku i kanaka, a mahalo i ko lakou hui, pela no ka mea, ua hoopuniia lakou ma ke kuikahi ma waena o kanaka o nā kānakaʻepekema alakaʻiʻia Gerasim Smotritskaya. Aia ho'āʻo o Ostroh Academy, a maoli i nele i kona mau "Drukarnya" - no ka mea, i loko o ia mau lā, ua kapaia typographic Workshop. Here Ivan Fedorov hana i loko o ka makaukau ana o ka puke a me nā hana Bible i ua e uhi ai i loaʻa a pau i ka manawa o ko ke Akua ka Logou wahi.

I ka 1580 Ostroh pai ana ka hale kuu ka Kauoha Hou me Halelu. No laila, ua he "puke-ka ohi ana o na mea nainuzhnyh", no ka mea kākau ma Timoteo M. Ivan Fedorov. Kawaihae no ka keiki e kuhikuhi i kahi o keia kala. Ka "puke .." ua he pōkole papa inoa o kekahi hopuna mai ke Kauoha Hou, me ka PAaIEN o ko lākou wahi ma kaʻaoʻao o ka Gospels. Mea manao "puke" - he uhiʻaoʻao puke hoʻonaniʻia nunui puka pā, ka'āuna ka mea heluhelu, e wehe aʻe i ke ao nei o ka puke.

Ostrog Bible

O ka holo ana, ke Ostroh Baibala i ke paiia loa kaulana o Ivan Fedorov i loko o kēia wā ua. Ua lilo ihola kēia hana o ka nohona'āina hoʻoili o nā mea a pau Slavic kanaka, a Laʻana i ka pai nō. Inā kekahi poe e hoolaha i ka puke "Ivan Fedorov. Pōkole Kawaihae no na keiki "- Hawaii photo Ostrog Bible pono ua lokomaikaiia mai kona frontispiece. Loaʻelima a paʻi o kēia puke nui. Ivan Fedorov like kona kālā hana, a hoi aku la i ke kulanakauhale ma luna o ke ao nei. Here ia i ho'āʻo i ka hou-wehe i ka typographic Workshop, akā, make iho la me ka ike ana i ka hopena o ko lākou mau hoao. Lviv e wehe i ka pai ana o ka hale o nā keiki a lākou i ka manawa e paionia a me kana poe haumana. Fedorov Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o Onufrievskom ilina kokoke i ka luakini. Keiki, a me ka poe haumana e ku i paionia Ivan Fedorov noho no lakou hana, akā,ʻaʻole i hiki i ke kaulana o kona kumu.