Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy - Ouji o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka XIX kenekulia

Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy, artist o ka lua o ka hapalua o ka 19th kenekulia, hele aku la ia ma ka moolelo like o ka mea hoʻoheheʻe kālā o ka wahi lulu pena Ouji nā mea kū i ke akamai. He 'Imi e hoʻomōhala ana i nā loina o ka noho pilikia realism i loko o kona hana, e like me ka pono i' atikala ma luna o ka pähola 'ana o ke akamai. He nui o kona poe i pena i ike Classics o Lūkini pena. Ka mea kākau i ka haku o nā kiʻi, a me ka mōʻaukala ano moʻokalaleo Ke ike weliweli.

maʻamau vitae

Kramskoy, artist, kaulana no konaʻoia iʻo pena, i hānauʻia ma ka makahiki 1837 ma Voronezh mokuna ma ka waena papa ohana. Puka 'o ia ostrogorzhskoe maoli kula, akā, no ka mea, o ka' ohana kaʻilihune,ʻaʻole i hiki ke hoʻomau lākou hoʻonaʻauao 'ia' ana ma ke kula kiʻekiʻe. E hana ana i loko o ka kūloko Duma,ʻo ia lilo hoihoi i loko o Hawaii photo retouching. Soon, kāna kumu ua M. Tulin nana i aʻo mai iā ia i ka hoʻokumu paʻaʻana o ka pena. A mau makahiki ma hope Kramskoy, he artist maikaiʻikeʻia no kona mau kiʻi, oia hoʻoneʻe i St. Petersburg, kahi i lilo ai ia i kona hua noʻeau 'oihana, a mau ae la ia a hiki i ka ulia ka make i ka makahiki 1887.

Kuka nei lakou i ke kula kēia

I ka 1857, lilo iho la oia i ka haumana o Academician Markov, ka mea i hana kūikawā ma ka mōʻaukala pena. I loko nō o kona haʻawina, ua loaa kekahi mau mekala no kona poe pena a me nā kope o nā pena ma nā Artists ma kaʻoihana Halaman. A uuku gula mekala o ka wā e hiki mai kaulana pena i loaa i ka pena hoʻolaʻa i ka Mea Paipala kanaka.

No ka mea artist i ka inoa a me ke kuleana e loaa i ka moku'āina hoomau ia e waiho i ka Competition hana ma ke kahua o ka Scandinavian sagas. Eia naʻe, Kramskoy, artist, hooikaika no kaʻoia iʻo kiʻi o nā hanana a me ka makakū ku okoa ana, a me heʻumikumamākolu nā haumāna huli i ka Academy o Management me ke noi e lawe ia mai ka Competition, hoapono ana i kona makemake i ka mea e makemake e kākau ma kumuhana apau loa i ka poe ia lakou iho makemake. Ma hope i ka pena opiopio kūkulu i kā lākou mau mea noʻeau nā koa, a, aka nae, ua pōkole-i noho ai, mahope mai o kona mau lala koke hoʻoholo i ka neʻeʻana i ka moku'āina maʻiʻo.

"Peredvizhniki"

Pena Kramskoy, nona i pena ia i loko o ka kakahiaka wā o kana hana ua lilo ka iconic hanana i loko o ka nohona kuʻuna o ke aupuni a pau, lilo ae la kekahi o na organizers a me ideological inspirers o keia hui. Kona mau lala kokua aku i nā loina o ka realism i loko o ke akamai,ʻeleu nohona a me ka civic hoʻomoana o Artists. I kana hana, i ka mea kākau kokua aku i nā loina o ka realism. He manaoio aku i ke pena pono ole e wale credible, akā, i lawe ai i ka pono a me ka hoʻonaʻauao manaʻo. Nolaila, e hana pakahi aku la ia hana keaka hookomo.

Ma ka 1870s, ka mea kākau i ka mea a pau moʻo o kamahaʻo kiʻi o kona kaulana wā: ia i kākau i ke kiʻi o Tolstoy, Nekrasov, Shishkin, Tretyakov a me na mea e ae. Ma keia moʻo, he kūikawā wahi ua ku e kekahi kiʻi o ka artist Kramskoy hanaia e ia, i loko o 1867. Kēia pūnaewele puni honua i ke kiekie o ka realism me ke koena o kona mau hana au.

Kiʻi o Nikolai Nekrasov

He nui kiʻi o ka mea kākau i kākau i loko o ke kaila o ke ano moʻokalaleo Ke pena. Depicted ma luna o ia i hōʻike mai iā ia kanaka ma ka hana, no laila, na pena mea, e hoohuli mai i ke ola a me ka aoao o ke ola.

Lakou i mea hoike o na hana kaulana o ka artist, "Nekrasov i ka" hope Songs "," 1877-1878 makahiki. Ma keia pena, ka artist hele mai, e hōʻike i ka haku mele kaulana i hana i loko o ka hope wā o kona olaʻana. Nui, ma ka artist ka hana hoʻokani kūlana nui i ka theme like o ke kanaka noʻonoʻo i ka hoao ana, o kona paio me ka make, a me kekahi kŰia. Ma na hana o nā haku o kēia mau kanaka aohe nohona Ana, e like me ia ma ka hana o nā pena. He mau hōʻike kaua uhane me ka maʻi, a me ka loa ua hoopili i kauoha aku ai e kai aku i kēia manaʻo i loko o ka luna kiʻi.

Women ka Makuahine

Paha i ka hana kaulana loa o ka haku - ". Ka malihini" pena Artist Kramskoy ua hoʻokoʻikoʻiʻia i ka nani o kona kükohu. He 'aloʻahia i ia mea he hoʻokiwikā fashionistas, no laila, ke akahele kauoha i kona helehelena: he waiwai für kapa komo, flirty headdress nani Jewelry a me fabrics.

Hōʻike no ka mea i ke kāʻei kua a hiki i keia pena mea o ka haumāna nui: ka mea, ua hōʻike mai iā ia i loko o ka Ohana, e like me ka mea kākau o ka pau mākou noonoo e kālele ana ma luna o ka leo hone opiopio wahine. He oi loa aku hoi makemake e pena kiʻi o ka artist Ivan Kramskoy. mea kākau o ka pena i ka naʻau i lokoʻokoʻa.

Inā ka wahine i loko o ka luna kiʻiʻelua i ka poe hookiekie, he ikaika oweliweli, ke kumu hoʻohālike i ka canvas "Girl me kona pahi," ma ka Akä, ua hoikeia mai ma ka pilikia, i ola koke ia ia mea, e haalele a pau 'ē aʻe, a mea loa ka hoʻoponopono-ke kemu. No laila, i kona maka, i kū'ē i ka helehelena o ka malihini, expresses hohonu i kia nō, ke kaumaha a me ke kaumaha malamalama.

"Inconsolable ke kaumaha"

Kēia kiʻi i pena i ka 1884, hooeueuia lakou e ka artist ka pilikino kaumaha, ka mea i lilo kana keiki. Nolaila, e like me ka wahine, e hōʻike 'ia i loko o ke kanikau ua kahikoia a nani, kilo i nā hiʻona o ka wahine o ka mea kākau.

Kēia pena i kekahi, mai nā hana o ka mea kākau o ia o ka manao, i ka mea, ua imbued. I ka waenakonu o ka canvas hōʻike i waena-elemakule wahine i loko o kaʻeleʻele male. Ua kū aʻe a hiki i ka pahu piha o ka pua. Kona kaumaha, ua hoikeia mai i loko o ke kulana, i ka loa maoli, a me noa, a me kona mau maka, a holo i kona mau lima, i kona lua kaomi waina i ka hainaka i kona waha. Kēia pena mea paha i kekahi o ka mea ikaika loa ma ka artist a Lūkini nō i loko o mau.