Kaua Batu Rus (pokole). I ka hopena o ke kaua o Batu i Rusia

Kaua o Batu Rus (Luna XIII) - Army kaua o ka Mongol aupuni a pau i loko o ka palena o ke aupuni kahiko. Kēia hanana haʻalele i ka hohonu hoailona i loko o ka moʻolelo o ko mākou Motherland. Next, noonoo ana i ke kaua o Batu Rus (iki).

prehistory

Au i noho lōʻihi ma mua o ka Mongol feudal haku Batu loli Hawaiʻi manao no ka naʻi aupuni o ka Europa, nā panalāʻau e Hawaiian. I ka 1220-ies. Ua Ua lawe mai i loko o kekahi mau alanui ka hoomakaukau ana no ka wā e hiki mai naʻi aupuni. An nui hapa o ka mea, ua ka Hike he kanakolu tausani koa Jebe a me Subedeya i ka mokuna o ka South Caucasus a me South-hikina Europe i loko o ka 1222-24 biennium. Ke kumu o ka mea i wale nō manao, hoiliili 'ikepili. I ka 1223 ia hang nei i keia kai eʻe, i ke kaua o ke Kalka. Ke kaua i pau ai i loko o ka lanakila no ka Mongols. E like me ka hopena o ke kai eʻe i ka wā e hiki mai lanakila i? Anoee i ka wā e hiki mai kahua kaua, ua aʻo e pili ana i na pakaua a me ka poʻe hao wale i loaa 'ike ma luna o ka wahi o na alii o Rus. Mai ka Polovtsian steppes Jebe Subedeya koa, a hele aku la i ka Volga Pulakalia. Akā, ua luku ka Mongols malaila, a hoi aku la i Central Asia ma na steppes o kēia aneea oneiaey. Ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua o Batu i Rusia i kona mau lāʻana.

Ka hiolo ana o ke Ryazan wahi

Kaua o Batu ma Rusia, ma ka pōkole, i nona ma ka enslavement ana o na kanaka, i ke kāʻili 'ana i a me ka hoʻohui'āina o nā panalāʻau e hou. Mongolsʻikeʻia ma luna o ka hema palena o ka Ryazan na'lii a me ke koi i ka hookupu ia lakou. Prince Yuri noi no ka kōkua mai George Mihaila Chernigovskogo a me Vladimir. Ua luku aku ia ka uku o Batu Ryazan kauoha malu. Na Luna Nui Duke alakai i kona poe koa, a me Murom shelves ma luna o ke kaua palena, akā, i nalowale i ke kaua. E kōkua Ryazan Yuri Vsevolodovich hoouna Union hao wale. Aia he mau shelves o kana keiki Vsevolod, Ieremia kanaka i nā luna, Glebovich, Novgorod poʻe kaua. Kēia poe koa hui ia e kaua aku la lakou, mai Ryazan. Ke kulanakauhale, haule iho la ma hope o ka eono-lā ka hoʻopuniʻana. Hoouna regiments ua, e kaua aku i nā poʻe komohewa kokoke Kolomna, akā, ua make.

Hopena o na kaua mua

Ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua o Batu Rus i koho ma ka make ana, aole wale no Ryazan, akā, me ka hiolo ana o ka na'lii a holoʻokoʻa. Na Mongols hoopio Pronsk, hoopio Prince Oleg I o Ryazan. Kaua o Batu i Rusia (i ka lā o ke kaua mua helu 'ia ma luna aʻe) pu ma ka lukuia'na o na kulanakauhale he nui a me na kauhale. Penei, ka Mongols luku Belgorod Ryazan. Kēia kūlanakauhale i ole ua a laila hoʻihoʻi. Tula noiʻi kuhikuhi ia me ka hooponopono i loko o ka muliwai bana, kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Beloroditsa (16 ei, mai kaʻiʻo nō o kēia Venev). Ua Ua razed i ka honua a me ka Voronezh Ryazan. Nā wahi e pili ana o ke kulanakauhale i haalele no kekahi mau kenekulia. Wale i ka 1586 ma ke kahua o ka hooponopono ia i kūkulu pā kaua. Mongols luku a me ke 'ano maikaʻi-ike kulanakauhale Dedoslavl. haumana kekahi kuhikuhi i ka mea a me ka hooponopono kokoke i ke kulanakauhale o Dedilovo, ma ke kae akau o ka muliwai. Shat.

Hoouka ma Vladimir a me Suzdal

Ma hope iho o ka make ana o ka Ryazan aina kaua o Batu i Rusia ka mea i kaulia ana he mau. I ka kaua akula i ka Mongols ka aina Vladimir-Suzdal, ka mea, koke hopu shelves Evpatii Kolovrat - Ryazan boyar. Me keia mea hou paukū ua hiki i ka lanakila i ka poʻe komohewa, hoopai kaumaha poho. January 20, 1238, ma hope o ka elima-lā hoʻopuni, haule iho la Moscow. E paku ana i ke kulanakauhale, he Vladimir (keiki muli iho o George) a me Philip kahu nona. Ma ke poo o ke kanakolu paukū ili nā Moscow paukū, e like me ke kumu, ua Shiban. Yuri Vsevolodovich, neʻe maila ka akau a hiki i ka noho River, hoomaka ae la e ohi i ka hou paukū, oiai e kakali ana no kilo mai Svyatoslav a me Yaroslav (kona poe hoahanau). I kakahiaka nui February 1238-la Pal Vladimir ma hope o kaʻewalu-lā ka hoʻopuniʻana. Ua pepehi hoi i ka ohana o Prince George. Ma ka mea hookahi February, ke ole Vladimir haule iho la i na kulanakauhale e like me Suzdal, Yuryev-Polsky, Pereslavl-Zaleski, Starodub-ma-Klyazma, Rostov, Galich-Mersky, Kostroma, Gorodets, Tver, Dmitrov, Ksnyatin, Kashin, Uglich, Yaroslavl . Ka mea, ua pio lakou, a Novgorod wahi e pili ana Portage Lamsky a me Vologda.

Ke kahua ma ka Volga māhele 'āina

Kaua o Batu i Rusia ua loa pīhoihoi. Ma waho aʻeo ia walaʻauʻana, i ka Mongols ua Nā hana ikaika. Me ke kōkua o ka hope loa 'ana i mālama' ia o ka Volga māhele. Secondary koa alakai ma Burundai no ekolu pule uhi palua ka mamao ma mua o ka papa kuhikuhiE Mongolian poʻe hao wale i ka pua ana o Torzhok a me Tver, a hele mai, mai Uglich i River City. Vladimirskie shelves aʻole 'oe i manawa e hoomakaukau ai no ke kaua, ua hoopuniia a aneane loa anaiia mai. Part o vigilantes Ua pio. Akā, i ka mea ia manawa, a me ka Mongols ae aku poho nui. Center Jaroslav waiwai e waiho ana ma ke ala o ka Mongols hoʻolaha i Novgorod mai Vladimir. Ua lawe Pereslavl-Zaleski i elima mau lā. He make i ka hopu ana o Tver, kekahi o nā keiki kāne a ke aliʻi Yaroslav (i kona inoa i ole, ua malamaia). Nāʻoihana mai i apo ia 'ike i komo i loko o ke kaua o ke kulanakauhale o Novgorod. No iki e pili ana i kekahi Yaroslav hana. Kekahi noiʻi pinepine Ua kuapo i ka hoʻopakeleʻana kökua Torzhok Novgorod i i hoouna aku.

Ka hopena o ka 'ana o ka aina Volga

Mea kākau moʻolelo Tatishchev, Ua haawiia no i ka hopena o ke kaua, unuhi ae hoʻolohe i ka mea i na poho ma na huahelu o ka Mongols kekahi mau manawa, uaʻoi aku ma mua ia o Russian. Naʻe, i ka Tatars i mai no ia i ka lilo ana o ka poe pio. Ka mea, aia ma ia manawa ua nui ma mua o ka poʻe komohewa ana ia lakou iho. No laila, no ka mea hoike, i ka hoʻopio o Vladimir hoomaka wale ma hope o ke kime hoi mai, mai ka Mongols ma lalo o Suzdal pio.

hoomalu o Kozelsk

Kaua o Batu i Rusia, mai ka hoʻomaka o Malaki 1238 ka mua paʻa ma luna o kekahi definite kumumanao. Ma hope o ka lawe Torzhok residues poe Burundi, hui mai me ka papa koa, huli, anapu koke i ka hehi. Komohewa Novgorod i hiki aku ka hola 100 mile. Kekahi mau kumu i wale nōʻano o kēia huli. Kekahi la i ke kumu i ka pūnāwai thaw, ma na mea e ae - i ka make māinoino o ka pololi. Kekahi ala e, ke kaua o ka poʻe hao wale o Batu hele aku i Rusia, akā, i loko o ka 'ē aʻe kuhikuhi.

Ano, ua maheleia ka Mongols i loko o nā pūʻulu. I ka papa kuhikuhiE poe hala ma ka hikina o Smolensk (30 ei, mai ke kūlanakauhale), a i ka holo ana i loko o Dolgomostya aina. he mea hoike i loko o kekahi o ka moʻokalaleo mea i luku ai ka Mongols, a holo aku la. Ma hope o ia, i ka papa kuhikuhiE aoao neʻe hema. Eia ke kaua o Rusia i koho ma ke kaua o Batu Khan i loko o nā palena o Chernigov aina, kuni Vshchizh, Aia i kokoke koke i ka Central wahi o ka na'lii. E like me ke 'ike mai i kekahi kumu, e pili ana i kēia mau hanana pepehi 4 keiki a Vladimira Svyatoslavovicha. A laila, i ke kumu nui koa o ka Mongols huli ho opa ao i ka hikina ńkau. Pepehi Karachev a me Bryansk, Tatars hopu Kozelsk. Hawaiian Group, ia manawa, i wahi ma ke kupulau o 1238-ko kokoke Ryazan. Alakai poʻe hao wale, ua kanuʻia ihola ia a me Kadan. I Kozelsk ma ia manawa i aliʻi ai Basil - 12-makahiki-kahiko moopuna o Mstislav Sviatoslavovych. Ke kaua no ke kulanakauhale ana i nā hebedomaʻehiku. By May 1238 nā pūʻulu elua i hui pu ma lalo o ka Mongols Kozelsk, a hoopio iho la ia ma hope o nā lāʻekolu,ʻaʻole naʻe me ka kaumaha poho.

hou Aey? acaeoey

Kaua o Rusia Batu Khan i loko o ka hapalua like-13th kenekulia hoomaka ae la e lawe sporadic. Na Mongols kaua akula wale i loko o na aina mau kihi, ma ka suppression o uprisings i loko o ka Kipchak hehi, a me ka Volga māhele 'āina. Ma ka moʻolelo, ma ka hope o ka moʻolelo e pili ana i ke kai eʻe o ka akau-hikina nā panalāʻau e, e pili ana i ka malie i pu aku i ke kaua o Batu Rus ( "Makahiki o ka maluhia" - me ka 1238 e 1239-la). Ma hope o kona October 18, 1239 la i hoʻopilikiaʻia, a lawe Chernihiv. Ma hope iho o ka haule ana o ke kulanakauhale o ka Mongols hoomaka ae la e hao, a oki loa i ka wahi ma ke Desna a me Sejm. Devastated a luku iho la ia, he Rylsk, Vyr, Glukhov, Putivl, Gomiy.

Hiking i loko o ka'āina i loko o ka Dnieper

E kōkua i ka Mongolian kaua 'ole i loko o ka māhū-Caucasus, i hoouna aku mākou i ke kino, alai ae e Bukdaem. Ua hiki i ka 1240. I e pili ana i ka ia wā, nō e hoʻouna aku Batu Munch, ka makani ino, a Guyuk ka home. Ka i koe, hao wale e hōʻuluʻulu hou i, ka hoʻokuʻi i ka lilo ana o ka lua o ka pio povolzhtsev a me Polovtsian. I kekahi kuhikuhi ana i ka ?? eoi? O ke kapa akau o ka Dnieper. Ka hapa nui o ia (Kyiv, Volyn, Kalikia a, presumably, Turov-Pinsk na'lii a) i ka 1240 ua, e lawe pu ma lalo o ka mana o Daniela a me cornflowers - keiki Roman Mstislavovich (Volyn kia'āina). Mua, e manao ana ia lakou iho i hiki ia lakou ke ku imua o ka Mongols hele aku la a hiki i ka Ewa o ke kaua o Hungary. Presumably ka manao o Daniela i, e noi aku i ke alii o Bela VI kokua i kipaku ka ho'āhewa wale 'o ka Tatars.

I ka hopena o ke kaua o Batu i Rusia

E like me ka hopena o ka kela poe kanaka ei kaua o ka Mongols pepehi i ka nui helu o ka moku'āina o ka heluna kanaka. Ua luku nui o na kulanakauhale nui a me ka poe liilii, a me nā kauhale. Ālai 'loli Chernihiv, Tver, Ryazan, Suzdal, Vladimir, Kiev. 'Ia, he Pskov, Veliky Novgorod, i ke kulanakauhale o Turov-Pinsk, Polotsk a me Suzdal alii. E like me ka hopena o ke kaua ana o ka moʻomeheu kŘpa a nui noho i ae irreparable poino. No kekahi mau makahiki i loko o nā kūlanakauhale a kokoke loa o ka pōhaku kūkulu i ku ana. Eia hou, ua huikau o kana oihana nalowale like Jewelry hana aniani, ai? Iecaianoaaiiie, lawe lima, cloisonne, nenoaio i? Polychrome pālolo. Rusia lags me ka nui loa i loko o ke kua o kona ulu ana. Ua Ua ua haalele no kekahi mau kenekulia aku nei. A oiai o ka Western kauä kuapaʻa hana ulu ma ke kahua o ka primitive hoʻomāhuahua, Lūkini kana oihana i paa kekahi o ka pauku Ewa, o ke ala ana i ua hana mua o ka kaua o Batu hou.

Ma ka hema aina o ka noho heluna nalowale aneane loa. I koena kupa hele aku i ka ulu lāʻau ma ka akau-hikina, maluhia iho la ia ma waena o ka Oka a me Volga,'Ākau. Ma kēia mau mea, ka mea, ua lilo i ke kai anuanu o aniau a me ka momona soils e like me ia ma ka hema wahi, luku iho la ia, a devastated e ka Mongols. ʻIliahi? Ooia i noho mana ana ma ka Tatars. No ka mea, o keia, uaʻaʻohe kamaʻilio ma waena o Rusia a me nā huakaʻi i ke kai'āina. Kaiapili-papa hana o ka Fatherland i loko o ka mōʻaukala au mea ma ka loa haʻahaʻaʻilikai.

E like me nā luna hoʻolale moʻolelo

i ke kaʻina hana o ka kahua a me ka hoʻokuʻi pū o kaulua huahelu a me regiments o kaumaha lio, i specializes ma ka pololei loa machetes, wawahi iho la i loko o Rusia koke ma hope o ke kaua ana o Batu noiʻi e hoailona oukou. I loko o kēia wā, ua he unification o ka mana i loko o ka maka o ka hookahi koa haku. He Ua haʻakoi e pana i ke kakaka, a ma ka mea ia manawa, e kaua me ka pahi kaua a me ka ihe. Mai keia, ua hiki ke manao nei makou, a hiki wale i ka waiwai, feudal o ka Lūkini poʻe hao wale i loko o kona ulu ana, ua haalele no i ka mau o ke kenekulia aku nei. Moʻolelo e mai no ka 'ike e pili ana i ke ola ana o ke kaʻawale infantry huahelu. He mea maopopo. No kā lākou ho okumu i kūpono kanaka makemake e uhai aku, mai ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo, a kuai lilo aku i ko lakou koko no ke kala. A i loko o ka-yeiiiie? I a ua Rus naemnichestvo ka mea, ua hala loa pipiʻi.