Ke kanaka nāna i hoʻololi i ka honua o ka 'epekema. Galileo Galilei. Pōkole Kawaihae a me kona wehe ana

Kekahi o ka loa kaulana astronomers, physicists a me ka poe akeakamai ma ka mōʻaukala o na kanaka - Galileo Galilei. Pōkole Kawaihae a me kona weheʻana, a oe e aʻo kēia manawa, e ae oe, e kiʻi i ka hōʻuluʻulu manaʻo o keia kanaka kekahi.

Ka mea mua a me ke kapuai ma ka honua o ka 'epekema

Galileo Ua hanau ia ma Pisa (Italy), Pepeluali 15, 1564. I ka makahiki o ka umikumamawalu i ke kanaka'ōpiopio hele i ke Kulanui o Pisa, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina 'inikua hana. Ma keia anu u ia pahu i kona makua kāne, akā, no ka mea, o ka nele o ke kala koke i puʻe wale Galileo e haʻalele aʻo. Eia naʻe, oiai i ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka 'epekema malaila ma ke kulanui, ka mea,ʻaʻole i loko o makehewa, no ka mea, iʻaneʻi i hoomaka ae la oia i ka olelo hoihoi i ka makemakika a me ke kālaikūlohea. No hou i kekahi haumāna,ʻo ia i i haalele iho i kona mau hana hoʻonanea i ka manawaleʻa iā Galileo Galilei. Pōkole Kawaihae a me kona mau discoveries i loko o kēia wā, pâʻani 'o ia kūlana nui i loko o ka wā e hiki mai nä känaka' epekema. No kekahi manawa, ua devotes i ke kuokoa study o mechanics, a laila, i ka 1589, hoi aku la a hiki i ke Kulanui o Pisa, i kēia manawa i loko o ke kūlana o nā kumu o ka makemakika. Kekahi manawa ma hope,ʻo ia i kono e hoʻomau e ao ana ma ka Kulanui o Padua, nā haumāna kahi wehewehe i nā kumu o ke o mechanics, anahonua a me ka kilohōkū. Anna i keia manawa, Galileo hoomaka ae la e e nui discoveries ma ka 'epekema.

I ka 1593 i loko o ka malamalama Haʻalele i ka ka mua scientific hana o ke nä känaka 'epekema - me ka laconic inoa "Mechanics," a Galileo i ho'ākāka' ia i kona mau loina o ka puke.

Astronomical haʻawina

Ma hope iho o ka puke o ka puke "hānau" ka hou Galileo Galiley. Pōkole Kawaihae a me kona weheʻana - i ke kumuhana i ole e kūkā mai hiki ole i olelo ia i nā hanana o 1609. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i ka wā Galileo iho? Aiey iauaeoia kona mua telescope eyepiece concave a me convex maka aniani. Ka mea hana i ka hua o ka hola ekolu manawa. Eia naʻe, holomua ma Galileo i i hooki. Hoomau ana i ka hoʻoikaika 'ana i kona telescope, i lawe mai ai i ka mahuahua mai ai i 32 mau manawa. E kiai ana ia no ka ukali o ka Honua - ka Moon, Galileo loaʻa i kona ili, e like me ka honua nei i lalo, a uhi iho la i keʻano o nā mauna a me nā craters lehulehu. Lau Ua ike Dia ka mahina, a me na hoku ma ke aniani i UAIAaIN ma kā lākou mau nui, a no ka manawa mua i ka manaʻo o ko lākou global remoteness. Na nō hoʻi i ka nui hoʻomāhuahua o miliona o hou ano lani kahi. Eia hou, hoomaka ae la na kānakaʻepekema, e malama i ke kūlana o Venusa, e makaikai i ke noi ana o ka la, a e memo e pili ana i sunspots.

Ke kue i ka ekalesia

Kawaihae o Galileo Galilei - o ka aʻe ke kahua ma ka confrontation o ka 'epekema no ka manawa, a me ka Ekalesia i ka mea i ao ai. Nä känaka 'epekema ma ka muli o ko lākou mau kilona koke hele mai a hiki i ka hopena i ka heliocentric nenoaiu o ko ke ao nei, mua i manaoia, a hoomaikai aku la lakou ma Copernicus, o ka oiaio wale. Kēia mea kue i ka literal ano o ka Halelu 93 a me 104, a ma ka hou, ke kumu holoholomoku Ecclesiasts o 1: 5, a e loaʻa i pili i ka honua i ka immobility hiki. Galileo Ua kiiia i Roma, kahi a hoike aku la i ke koi, e hooki aku i hoʻolaulaha "heretical" manao, a me ka nä känaka 'epekema i puʻe wale akula kēlā iāʻoe, e hoʻouna.

Eia naʻe, ua Galileo Galiley, kona discoveries ma ia manawa i mua ua loiloi 'ia e hoa kekahi o ka' epekema kaiāulu i ole hoʻi i kāpiliʻia. I ka 1632, oia i ka maalea hele nei - publishes i kekahi puke me ke kuleana "ʻano No ka Two Aliʻi World Systems -. Ptolemaic a me Copernican" Kēia hana i kākau i loko o ka hana i ka manawa o ka palapala o keʻano o, na i komo a i he mau kākoʻo o ka Copernican kumumanaʻo, e like me ka follower o na aʻo o Ptolemy a me Aristotle. Pope hoʻokiwikā VIII, ka mea he hoaaloha maikaʻi o Galileo, i haawiia ae no ka puke o ka puke. Akā, ka mea, i ole mau loa - e like me ka mau o ka mahina o ka hana i ike i hoopaapaa me nā tenets o ka ekalesia, a banned. Ka mea kākau ua kauoha no hoi ia i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo ma Roma.

I ka hoʻokolokolo 'ana, hele aku ia no ka hala loa o ka lōʻihi manawa: mai April 21 a hiki i June 21, 1633. June 22, Galileo i puʻe wale i ka olelo i kona hou kikokikona, e like me ka mea ana i kipaku aku i kona "wahahee" & okua ia.

Ka hope makahiki i loko o ke ola ana o ke nä känaka 'epekema

Au i ka hana i loko o pilikia ana. Ua hoouna aku i kona Kauhale Archertri Galileo ia ma Florence. Here ka mea, ua lalo mau hoʻomakākiu ma ka hoʻokolokoloʻia, a aohe kuleana e koho i ke kulanakauhale (Roma). I ka 1634, make iho la i ka punahele kaikamahine o ke nä känaka 'epekema, a i loihi ua lawe malama ana ia ia.

Make hele i Galilaia January 8, 1642. He Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia ma luna o ka mokuna o ka Kauhale, me ka hanohano, a me ke ahiahi tombstones. Naʻe, i ka 1737, ma hope o aneane he haneri makahiki, ka mea i hooko aku la i hope makemake o ke nä känaka 'epekema - i hoolilo ai i kona lehu i ka monastic Chapel o Florence Hale Pule Nui Santa Kroche. Makahiki-March, la oia i hope kanuʻia ma laila, ma ka ilina o Michelangelo.

posthumous hoʻopulapula

He mea pono i loko o kā lākou hilinaʻi Galileo Galilei? Pōkole Kawaihae a me kona weheʻana i loa i ke kumuhana o ka hoopaapaa o na clergy, a me ka malamalama o ka 'epekema ao nei, ma luna o kēia kumu, hoʻomohala i ka hailona ana i kāna hana e lawelawe a me ka hoopaapaa. Eia naʻe, wale 31 December 1992 (!) John Paul II kauoha aku ua ae ia ka hoʻokolokoloʻia i loko o ka 33rd makahiki o ka XVII kenekulia i ka hewa, hahau i ke nä känaka 'epekema e recant i ka heliocentric kumumanaʻo o ka ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ua kālaiʻia ma Nikolaem Kopernikom.