Ke liberation o Kharkov mai fascist komohewa

Kaua o Kharkov ua he Logical a me ka mea nui hopena o ka holomua mau hana o ka poʻe hao wale Soviet ma ka Kursk Bulge. Last ikaika German counterattack ho'āʻo i Wahi, a me ka hana e ua i loko o ka kala kakahiaka o ka hanalima wahi o Ukraine, e hiki ke haawi aku i ke alo.

ana hana

Kūpono 'ia ma Kharkov i loko o ke alo o ka puu o ka pilikia. Ka mea nui hiki ke noʻonoʻo pono i ka hoʻokumu o ka waihona ipu no ka mea hou liberation o hema-Bank Ukraine i ka nui, a me ka pau o ka hanalima Donbass (ua ka manawa kūpono o ka pūhaka hoouka). No hoi, ka mea e hopu i ka amo aeuiiai ieaia? O ke kulanakauhale (he mau international airport Airfield mokulele hola), a me ka hope, e hooki aku i hou ho'āʻo Nazis e loan-hoouka ma ka pio o ka Kharkov pae (nui ma ka nui a me ka ikaika).

No ke aha la Kharkov?

Ma keia e pili ana, i ke kulanakauhale i haawiia mai ai ka nui o nui? Ke pane waiho i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Kharkov, a mahope mai o ka XVIII kenekulia ua he nui mawaena konu o ka hoʻokele waiwai a me ka nohona kuʻuna o Sloboda Ukraine. Ua i loko o ka waena o ka XIX kenekulia i ke kulanakauhale i ke alahao kamaʻilio me Moscow. Ua iʻaneʻi i ka 1805 wehe i ka mua i loko o Ukraine, a ianoiyuaa a University o kēia manawa (medieval Academy a me ke Kulanui o Lviv ma ka manao mai i helu), a laila, i ka Polytechnic Institute.

I ka mālama '-kaua manawa i Kharkov ua he nui ka hana' enekinia oaio, ia haawi 40% o nā huahana o ka hana i loko o Ukraine, a me ka 5% - ma ka pau aina. Alaila, ua he iao? Iiaie oaoieei Loaʻaʻia.

Aia he ideological kumu. Ua i wahi ma Kharkov Ahaolelo o Soviets, hai mai la i ke kukuluia'na o ka Ukrainian Soviet Repubalika i loko o December 1917. A makahiki 1934, i ke kulanakauhale i ka oihana kapikala o ka Ukrainian SSR (ku nei no ka "Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Repubalika",ʻaʻole i maʻa i ka bebe boomers, he mea heʻokoʻa i loko o ka hua h ÷ ailona i loko o ka 'ōlelo Ukrainian).

Ka Ike

A me ke Kelemānia a me Soviet aoao me ka maopopo loa i ke ano o Kharkov. No laila, i ka hopena o ke kulanakauhale i ke kaua ua loa paʻakikī. Ke liberation o Kharkov i ka 1943 - ka mea, ua mua o ka ha o ke kaua no ke kūlanakauhale. Pehea na mea a pau i hiki mai ai? Ma keia a ana au i ke no hoi ia.

24-25 October 1941 ka Nazis hana o Kharkov i i. Ua loaʻa iā lākou kŘpa a uuku - loli ana ma ka hopena o ka hala koke pio o ka 'āina, a kokoke Kiev a me Uman ka ieoaeunoai, ma ka Soviet ka pōʻino i noʻonoʻo i ka haneri o na tausani. Ka mea wale nō mea i koe i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, he Radio-kekahi lāʻau 'mines (hoao iho la kekahi mahope Naita me ia e e loaʻana), a me ka nui loa o ka hanalima lako a pan e hoʻokele i ka wehe a me ka luku aku.

Akā, ma ka hopena o kupulau o 1942, ka Soviet kauoha i ka hoao e recapture i ke kulanakauhale. Ke kūpono 'Ua poorly i hoomakaukauia (i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o ka hakakā-makaukau ke koe nō), a hou mai ma lalo o ka mana o ka Red Army i kekahi mau lā i ke kūlanakauhale. Ka hana ana mai ka 12 a hiki i 29 May, a hoopauia hoi ma ka hui he nui a puni ka Soviet poʻe kaua, a me ko lakou piha pio.

Ke kolu o ka hoao i loko o hou 'ano kūpono. A hiki i ke kaua o Stalingrad o ke Komohana Hema Front hoomaka kūpono 'ana i loko o ka Donbass. Ma hope iho o ka hoihoi o Paulo pūʻulu ma ke kūpono 'neʻe Voronezh Front. Ma Pepelualiʻo ia i wahi Kursk a me Belgorod, a me ka 16th o pio Kharkov.

Me ka manao i ka manao o ka nui-me ka unahiʻole counteroffensive hana ( "Susana,", a hele mai i ka hoopau i ka Kursk Bulge), ka Kelemānia ke aupuni makemake eʻae i ka lilo o ia he nui amo Hub, like Kharkov. March 15, 1943 ma nā māhele SS (a mai i manaʻo i ka mea e wale ua hiki ke pana, a kuni i ka mea Katyn na Iudaio -! Ka SS e noho ana i ka waiwai i loko o ka poʻe kaua o Hitler), i ke kulanakauhale i hou-pio.

Inā o kaʻenemi, aole ia e haawi ...

Akā, i loko o July, Hitler ka ee-kūpono 'kumumanao wa; Soviet kauoha ua kūkulu ma ka pomaikai. Kūpono 'ia ma Kharkov ike likeʻano nui no ka mea kokoke wā ma mua o ka pau' ana o ke kaua o Kursk. I ka hoʻolala no ka mai ana mai kala o Kharkov ana no ka papa kuhikuhiE nīnau ka: ina paha e lawe mai i ka hana ma ka papa a me ka make ana o kaʻenemi?

Manao e pepehi i ka luku - ke kaiapuni koi manawa-e hoopau ana. Ae, e pomaikai ae brilliantly ma Stalingrad, akā, hou i loko o ka papa o kūpono 'kaua, ke Army Red hookahi manawa hou io i ka mea wale nō i loko o kakahiaka makahiki 1944, i ke kaua o ka Korsun-Cherkassy Pocket. I ka Ia manawa, e hoomaau Kharkov, Soviet kauoha a ka noonoo e haʻalele i ke "ala hele" e Haʻalele i ka Nazi lākou poʻe kaua - e hoopau ia i loko o ke kula ua simpler.

Here i keia la - hele i ka la apopo

I ke kauwela o 1943 ma ke kaua o Kursk i ike, a me kekahi hana hoihoi KUMUMANAʻO NUI koho, a lilo iho la ia i kekahi ano o ka "? Inoaia" o ka Red Army. Ua ninoieo i ana i ka puu hua palaoa i lawa ka ikaika ma kekahi mau wahi aho, ua kīkoʻo akula pauku o ke alo. E like me ka hopena, i kaʻenemi i puʻe wale akula kēlā iā frantically kiola lākou me ke koe no lōʻihi mamao. Akā,ʻo ia i ole i manawa e hana ia, e like me ka mea kaua i loko o ka okoa wahi, a me ka hakaka i ma luna o kekahi protracted ano i loko o ka pauku mua.

Pela no ka mea, ua i loko o ke kaua o Kharkov. Activity o ka Soviet poʻe hao wale i loko o ka Donbas, a me ka'ākau kihi o ka Kursk Bulge Hoʻokē akula ka Nazis e hoolilo koa, mai ka Kharkov. Oe ke hoouka.

koa o na aoao elua

Ma kaʻaoʻao Soviet ka poʻe hao wale o ka Voronezh Front (he Alihikaua - Army General Vatutin) a hehi (luna - Colonel-General Konev) fronts. Ke kauoha ana o ka hana o ka hou-subordination o nā māhele o kekahi alo i kekahi ma ka mea i oi ka naauao ana. Ōhumu ma ka Kharkov, Donetsk a me Orel olelo ma ka Ilamuku Vasilevsky.

I ka poe koa o na fronts ka mea, he 5 na kiai na puali (me 2 pahu) a me ka Air Max. Kēia hōʻike mai ka nui pili i ka hana. Ma ka mua hapa i koho no ka Hopu hana unprecedentedly kiʻekiʻe lehulehu a me ka enehana mea kaua, i koke loaa nā pū, pakiko-propelled pū a me ka pahu T-34 a me RB-1. Ua kiola pū i loko o ka wahi kūpono 'mea kaua mau pūʻali o ka Bryansk Front. 2 Army i loko o ke koe nō, e olelo oe.

Mai ka German pale lima paʻa koa infantry a me ka pahu, a me ka 14 infantry a me 4 pahu māhele. Hope, ma hope o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka hana, ka Nazis koke laila' ai i ka 'āpana o kona kilo me ka Bryansk Front a me Mius. I waena o kēia mau kilo, he mea pono-ikeia na apana like "Totenkompf", "Viking", "Das Reich". Mai Hitler ka luna a me nā hanana e pili ana i na kaua a puni Kharkov, e pono ike no Manstein.

Luna mai o ka hala

Ke kumu nui loa o ka Kharkov KUMUMANAʻO NUI hana - nae Belgorod-Kharkov kūpono 'ana - Ua loaa i ka pā'ālua inoa - ". Hana Rumyantsev" Iloko o ka Nui Patriotic War ka Soviet Union hoole mai i laha hana mua piha mamao loa mai ka "imperial" hala o ka aina. ¶ A i loko o Russian mōʻaukala, e nana i examples i hiki ka hoihoi o kanaka i ke kaua, a lanakila. Ka inoa o ka hana, e hookuuia Kharkov - mai i kēia wahi. Ka hihia mea ole ka mea wale - hana ma liberation o Belarus ua ike like me ka "Bagration", a koke mua o nā hanana o Kharkov ma ka'ākau kihi o ka Kursk Bulge "hana Kutuzov" Ua lawe mai.

Aku i Kharkov!

Ua kani maikai, akā, e hana pololei i ua hiki ole. Ke kuka i kapaʻia no ka mua uhi i ke kulanakauhale, me ka hoʻokikina 'iniha, kapuaʻi, e wehe i nā'āpana o ka hema a me ka akau o Kharkov, a laila, hoʻopio i ka mua kapikala o Ukraine.

Ka inoa "Rumyantsev" ua pili ia i ke kumu nui loa o ka hana - ka maoli hopena ma Kharkov. Belgorod-Kharkov hoomaka ana August 3, 1943, a ua i ka ia lā 2 Hitler ka panzer moku e noho ana i loko o ka "ipuhao" ma lalo o Tomarovka. 5 o ka mua hapa hehi e kaua komo i loko o Belgorod. No ka mea, ma ka ia lā i nā koa o ka Bryansk Front ua mumulu maiʻaeto lā, kaulana kēia papalua pomaikai nui fireworks ma Moscow. Ka mea, ua ka mua lanakila aloha iloko o ka Nui Patriotic War.

August 6 hana "Rumyantsev" ua i piha kowali, ka Soviet poʻina nalu i pau ai i ke kāpaeʻana i kaʻenemi i loko o Tomarovskaya ieoaeunoai, a neʻe akula Zolochev. ka mea, hele mai la i ke kulanakauhale ma ka po, a me ka mea, ua ka hapalua o ke kaua. Ka poʻina nalu moe malie, me ka headlights aku. I ka kālai lāʻauʻana i loko o ka Pule Hoola kauhale, huli ae la lakou, a'uī ia piha wikiwiki, haohao hoouka hoʻoholo i ka pomaikai o ka Belgorod-Kharkov hana. E möakäka houʻaoʻao pale o Kharkiv hana mau i mua ma luna o Bogoduhov a me ka hoʻomaka o ke kaua no ka Akhtyrka.

I ka Ia manawa hapa o ka Hawaiian a me South-Western Fronts hemo aku i kūpono 'i loko o ka Donbas, ka hoʻokikinaʻana i Voronezh Front. Ua ua i ae e hoolilo ma lalo o ka Nazis Kharkiv kilo. August 10 Ua laweʻia ma e ke alahao laina Kharkov - Poltava. Na Nazis ho'āʻo e counterattack i loko o ka wahi Bogodukhov a me Akhtyrka (i hele ma ka holika o ka SS), akā, i nā hualoaʻa he ee-e hoomaau nā kaʻa mokulele - e hooki i ka Soviet mua, ka mea i hiki mai.

hou ulaula

August 13 ka German pale laina i wāwahi 'ana i ka Kharkov. lāʻekolu ma hope o ka kaua ua, ua ma luna o ka outskirts o ke kūlanakauhale, akā, Soviet lākou poʻe kaua neʻe i mua,ʻaʻole i hoʻokēʻai me mākou makemake - loa ikaika Kelemānia e pale aku ia lakou. Eia hou, i ke kūpono 'ana o ke Voronezh Front i hoʻokaʻulua ma muli o ia i nā hanana ma Akhtyrka. Akā, 21 o ka mua laila, i ke kūpono ', aiʻulupā Akhtyrsky pae, a me ka 22, hoomaka ae la na kēia kanaka Kelemānia withdrawing mai Kharkov kona wahi.

I ka oihana lā o ka liberation o Kharkov - August 23, i ka wa a ka Soviet kaua i hooponopono o ke kumu nui loa o ke kulanakauhale. Naʻe, i ka suppression o ka ia'ku o kanakaʻenemi pūʻulu a me ka wehe 'ana o kona mau wahi e pili ana a hiki i ka 30th lā. Piha liberation o Kharkov mai fascist komohewa hang nei i ia lā. Ma 30 August, i ke kulanakauhale i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka hoʻolauleʻa o ke kala. Kekahi o na hoa o ka hanohano,ʻo ia ka wā e hiki mai nui kakauolelo N. S. Hruschev.

liberation meʻe

Mai ka Kharkov hana i piliʻano nui loa, i ke aupuni i ole stint ma ka hoʻolilo 'ana i ka mea i komo. Kekahi mau māhele like me ka honorary inoa pili ana i kā lākou mau inoa i nā hua'ōlelo "Belgorod" a me ka "Kharkiv". Koa a me nā ilāmuku o ka moku'āina hoʻolilo 'ia' i haawi. Akā, eia ka mea, Kharkiv inoa Hero City ia i kumu kāki. I mai la lakou, Stalin hoʻoholo ihola iā ia ma muli o ia ka mea i hope hookuuia ke kulanakauhale ua wale i ka ha o ka hoao.

183rd Infantry Māhele i nā kānaka apau i ka inoa o ka "lua-Kharkov". Ka mea, ua i nā koa o kēia māhele mua komo i ka papa kuhikuhiE kulanakauhale kuea (ia. Dzerzhinsky) a ma Pepeluali 16 a me August 23, 1943.

Maikai hoike aku ia lakou iho i loko o ke kaua ma Kharkov Soviet Stormoviks "Petlyakov" a kaʻao pahu T-34. Nō - ka mea, hua mai, a me ka hoʻomalu o ka Kharkov kaʻa kauō Plant! Evacuated ia Chelyabinsk, e kanu i ka 1943, hoomaka ae la nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka poʻina nalu (e - Chelyabinsk kaʻa kauō Plant).

mau paʻa

Kaua me ka poho 'ole e hana, a me ka mōʻaukala keʻae i Kharkov. Ke kūlanakauhale ua gloomy alakaʻi ma kēia pukana. Soviet ka pōʻino ma lalo o kēia kūlanakauhale e noho ana i ka loa nui i loko o ka holoʻokoʻa Nui Patriotic War. O ka holo ana, ia ua maopopo i ka huina huina o nā mea a pau i ke kaua eha. Ke liberation o ke kulanakauhale, a me ka puni waiwai oi aku mamua o 71 tausani. E ola ana.

Akā, Kharkov ola, a ua kukulu i nō ka lōʻihi manawa i hana me kona mau lima, a alai ae la i ka hoʻomaopopo like Motherland nui ... A, ano, i ke kulanakauhale no ka manawa e ...