Liberation o Belarus (makahiki 1944). Great Patriotic War

Ma hope o Stalingrad a Kursk Bulge papa o ke Kaua Honua II i ka hope lanakila, hoomaka ae la ka Army Red, e kaua i ko lākou'āina. Relentlessly e hookokoke aku ana i ka hopena o ke Kaua Honua II. A lohe o Belarus ua nui i koe ma ke alanui a hiki i ka lanakila.

ka hooilo ho'āʻo

Ke ho'āʻo mua i hookuuia Belarus ia i loko o ka hooilo makahiki 1944. Ke kūpono 'ana ma ke ala e hiki aku o Vitebsk, i lilo ai i loko o kakahiaka February, akā, ka mea i i hooleiia me ka pomaikai: holo nei ua paʻakikī a me ka hapalua mahina ua hiki ke delve kilomika he umi wale.

Au Byelorussian Front, hoʻohana ma Minsk a me Bobruisk kuhikuhi, na mea i hele aku i ka iki maikaʻi, akā, no mamao mai ka maikaʻi loa. Eia ke kaua, hoomaka ae la oia mamua, ma ka hoʻomaka o Ianuari, a me ka ua i ka 14th i lawe Mozyr a me Kalinkovichi. Ma ke kakahiaka wai, Soviet lākou poʻe kaua ma kela aoao o ka Dnieper, a me ka Nazis lanakila 20-25 ei wahi.

A unhurried mua o ka Red Army hiki ole ke manaoia pakahi aku la ia holomua, no laila, ma ka waena konu o ke kupulau High kauoha akuʻoe i hooholoia e ka hailonaʻana i ke kūpono '. Nā poʻe hao wale i kauoha aku e loaa i kekahi foothold i loko o ka e ku kulana, a kali no ka maikaʻi manawa.

Akä naÿe i ka Hawaiian kuhikuhi, he nui-unahiʻole, i kai eʻe o ka hooilo a me ka kupulau o ka makahiki 1944 ua kokoke holomua: ka hema kae o ka mua i kela kapa o ka mokuna, ka hoʻoili kaua nui ma waho o ka USSR. Hewa mea hele ma ka pauku akau o ka mua: Soviet kaua, ua hiki ke hoʻokō i ka auoiaea o ka Pinilana Kaua. No ka mea kauwela kala o Belarus i ua? Oaony, ka Baltic republics a me Ukraine piha inning.

ana

I ka laina ma ka BSSR mua o ka olelo ma ka Soviet Union piʻo (protrusion auka) lōʻihi o 1100 ei. Ma ka aoao akau ka mea, ua kaupalena 'ia Vitebsk, ma ka hema - Pinsk. Loko o ka piʻo, i kapaʻia ka Soviet General Staff, "ka Hawaiian wānana", hoʻonoho ihola German lākou poʻe kaua - he pūʻulu o "Center", a me kolu o ka pahu, 2nd, 4th a me ka 9th na kaua.

Ke German kauoha i ko lakou wahi ma Belarus o ka nui KUMUMANAʻO NUI nui. Ka mea, i kauoha ia e pale aku i nā koina, no laila ka liberation o Belarus mea,ʻaʻole he cakewalk.

No loko o ka luawai o ka makahiki 1944, i ka Fuehrer i ole manaʻo kaua ua lilo, a ua hooluolu iho me ka manaolana, e manaoio ana ina ka e hanaiiaʻi no ka manawa, e haule iho ma ke kaʻawale kaʻahahui, a laila, i ka hoihoi Soviet Union, ka ho'āʻo 'ia e ke kaua lōʻihi.

Ma hope o ka moʻo o ka manao ana a me ke kālailai i ke kulana, ka Wehrmacht manao, e kali no ka pilikia koke ia mahope iho, mai ka Ukraine, a Romania: e hoʻohana ua hoopakeleia ?? eoi? Ee, ke Army Red ke hana mai i ka palaoa puʻupuʻu, a hiki hoʻi e hoʻonāwaliwali ai Germany strategically nui kihapai o Ploiesti.

Alakaʻiʻia e kēia mau iho me ka noʻonoʻo, ka ke Kelemānia a huki i ka hema i ka papa kuhikuhiE ikaika, arguing i ka liberation o Belarus mea olelo lealea, e hoʻomaka i keia manawa pokole, i ole i aole hoi i ka moku'āina o kaʻenemi ka poe koa, a me ka kūloko olelo ma nā mea a pau i ka hoouka.

hana maalea

USSR pono mālama i ka hoa paio i kēia mau hilinaʻi wahahee. I kūkulu i nā kikowaena kaiaulu wahahee pale aku ia lakou, 3rd Ukrainian Front strenuously hoʻi me ka neʻeʻana o ka umi infantry moku, i hana i ka illusion i ka mea e kahiko ai naehana hoʻonoho ma Ukraine, noho ma wahi, oiai ma ka mea a lakou i koke ke holo i ke kikowaena hapa o ka laina o ka hoouka . Alakai aku ia lehulehu nā paena manipulation ke hoʻololi i ka wahaheʻe mai hai aku i kaʻenemi, a ma ka manawa nō i loko o ka ikaika mahuka i ka hoomakaukau ana i ka hana "Bagration": ka liberation o Belarus uaʻaʻole lōʻihi aku.

May 20 General Staff pau i ka hoʻolālā o ke kai eʻe. E like me ka hopena, i ka Soviet High E kauoha akuʻoe i manaʻo e loaʻa ai i nā kēia Pahuhopu:

• pahu aku ai hoʻi i ka enemi, mai Moscow;
• auka ma waena o nā pūʻulu Nazi poe koa, a hoʻonele iā lākou kamaʻilio me kekahi i kekahi;
• e hoolako i ke kumu no ka palapala moʻopane ana mahope ka hopena ma luna o ka enemi.

E loaa ia oe, i ka Hawaiian kūpono 'hana pono? Aaony, no ka mea, o kona hoʻokūkū kaukaʻi nui loa: i ke ala a hiki i Warsaw i ka lanakila wehe, a no ia mea, ma luna o Pelelina. Ka paio ke ehuehu o ka nui, no ka mea, ma ka mea e kū ai i ka pahu hopu ia ua pono ia:

• e lanakila i ka ikaika loa enemi pakaua kahua
• e puʻe i ka nui muliwai;
• noho KUMUMANAʻO NUI kulana;
• i loko o ka shortest laina e hookuuia mai ka Nazis Minsk.

Ka aponoia kuka

22 a me May 23, i ana no ka manao i ke komo ana o ka Front luna poe i kuleana i loko o ka hana, a ma 30 E kau aku no ia i hope aponoia. E like me ia ia ia, ka mea, i hilahila:

• "Perforate" ka Kelemānia e pale aku ia i loko o nā wahi eono, hoʻohana 'ano kähähä, a ho'āhewa wale a me ka hahau ka mana;
• Ia, Mai pepehi pūʻulu ma Vitebsk a me Bobruisk, i malama ia e like me keʻano o ka "'ēheu" o ka Hawaiian kualono;
• ma hope o ka wanaao ae, e neʻe i mua ma luna o ka converging ala, e lawe i ka i nui enemi koa i ke kaiapuni.

Ka holomua hoʻokō 'ana o ka manao ua maoli i ka hoopau ana i ka Wehrmacht kaua i loko o kēia māhele' āina a me ka hiʻohiʻona nō ka piha liberation o Belarus: makahiki 1944 i manao e hoopau i ka lehulehu ekaeka hlebnuvshie i ka weliweli o ke kaua a hiki i ke aʻo.

Major i komo i loko o kēia hanana

Ma ka nui kūpono 'ole i kekahi koa Dnieper Flotilla a me eha fronts: ka 1st Baltic a me Hawaiian ekolu.

He paʻakikī e overestimate i ke alahula mau kūlana hoʻokani i loko o ka manaʻo o nā hana guerrilla huahelu: me ia hoʻomohala i ka neʻeʻana o Belarus liberation mai fascist komohewa paha e lawe nui aku manawa a me ke kākoʻo 'ana. Iloko o ka ai-kapaia hoino aku kaua partisans e hoʻokele e puhi i aneane 150 tausani mawah. Keia, o ka papa, me ke kahaha nui complicates ke ola o ka poʻe komohewa, a koe nō i hoʻomaka 'ana ma lalo o ka huakaʻi derailed, luku iho la ia e holo, na awa palapala a me ka hana nui'ē aʻe kāʻeʻaʻeʻa neʻe iki. Ke kīpoʻohiwi e neʻeʻana i loko o Belarus i ka mea mana i loko o ka Soviet Union.

I ka ia? Ac? "Hana Bagration", pela paakiki e manaoio i ka huakaʻi o ka 1st Belorussian Front ma lalo o Rokossovsky. Ma ka wahi o Bobruisk kuhikuhi loa ano, ka mea, i ole he conducive i ka pomaikai nui - i loko o kēia mau mea i ke kauoha kiʻekiʻe, a me ka kekahi, a me ka kekahiʻaoʻao ua loa lōkahi. A, oiaio, hoouka aku ka hoʻohana 'ana poʻina nalu ma impassable Swamp - he pilikia, e kau iaʻo Iosepa, ka apuepue hiki. Akā, i ka ilāmuku Koi ikaika i nui na kēia kanaka Kelemānia i hoouka ma kēiaʻaoʻao, no ka mea, o ka mea ola o nā wahi lepo wai ike oleʻoi aku ma mua o kākou. Ia mea ke kumu o ka 'olohani e e kākoʻo mai iʻaneʻi.

Ke koena o nā koa

Fronts komo i loko o ke kai eʻe i ua me ka nui loa ikaika ae la. Ke Railroad i Aʻole e holopono ana mai o ka makau akā, mai o ka manao. I loko o ka makaukau i lawe Ia kini o ka lako a pan a kanaka - a pau i loko o kaʻaeʻana me ka ikaika mahuka.

No ka mea kēia kanaka Kelemānia manao e noʻonoʻo kona poe koa ma ka hema pauku, kū'ē i ka Red Army Kelemānia Army Group "Center" loaʻa paha kekahi mau manawa emi kanaka. Ku 36.400 Soviet pū a me ka papa wiliʻai - 9500 e ku e 5200 poʻina nalu a me ka hoʻoponopono '-propelled pū - 900 poʻina nalu a me ka hanaʻino mai pū, e ku e 5300 huahelu o koa maunakea - a 1.350 mokulele.

Ka hoʻomaka manawa o ka hana i mālama i ka mea pili i malama i malu. A hiki i ka hope loa ka manawa o na kēia kanaka Kelemānia mai i i ka iki manaʻo e pili ana i ka forthcoming kai eʻe. Oe ke noonoo ai i na mea ulu aʻela kekahi haunaele ka wā i kakahiaka nui ma ke kakahiaka nui o June 23, "hana Bagration" Ua hope hoʻomaka.

Haohao no ka Fuhrer

i paipai 'o fronts a me na puali ona, heʻaʻahu. No ka laʻana, i ka hopena mana o ka 1st Baltic (4th Army) ua,ʻaʻole hiki ke hahi i ka enemi me kekahi pāpā huhū hae. No ka lā o kaʻoki kino ana ua hiki ke lanakila wale nō 5 km. Akā, i ka Eono kiai a me kanaha-kolu kaua ka pomaikai ka akaaka: ka mea, i "hou" i kaʻenemi pale aku ia lakou, a hele Vitebsk mai ka Koro. Na kēia kanaka Kelemānia koke aku la lakou, a waiho ma kahi o 15 ei. I kaʻeha koke waikahe ka poʻina nalu o ka 1st mau pūʻali.

3rd Belorussian Front koa o ka 39th a me ka 5th puali Vitebsk piliwaiwai, mai ke kūkulu hema, Ane hiki i kekahi Luchesa muliwai, a hele aku la ma ke kūpono '. Ieoaeunoai pani ia iho: i ka lā mua o ka hana, ka ke Kelemānia a ua hiki wale hoʻokahi wale nō e pakele ai i ka 'āina: dvadtsatikilometrovaya o ka "ala hele" laula, ua pōkole-i noho ai, i ka pahele slammed pani i loko o ke kauhale Ostrovno.

Ma Orsha Mamuli o Soviet koa i mua e kali ana no ka hoʻokō 'ole': Kelemānia pale aku ia lakou ma keia wahi i Ua loa ikaika, i kaʻenemi desperately hewa, a competently kokua i ka hihia. Hoao mai ana e noa ai ka Orsha i i loko o Ianuali, a nele. I ka hooilo, nalowale ke kaua ia, akā, e lilo i ke kaua: "hana Bagration" koe aole wahi kaawale no ka ole.

11-la a me ka 31-ko koa malaila i ka pau lā mai, e kiʻi i ka laina lua o ka Kelemānia pale. Ia manawa, i ka 5th Panzer Army i kali i loko o na mau eheu: ma ka hihia o ka holomua Ua Hopu i loko o ka Orsha ala e hiki aku ia i ke ala a hiki i Minsk weheia.

2nd Belorussian Front smoothly a ana ka hoʻokikina ma Mogilev. Ma ka pau ana o ka lā mua o kaua i loko o ke kai eʻe ma luna o nā kapa o ke Dnieper e hoʻokele e hoʻopio i ka foothold maikai.

June 24 ana e hookuuia Belarus, a hoʻomaka i ka 1st Belorussian Front, i lawe i kona mau hakakā nuʻukia: e neʻe i ke ala e hiki aku o Bobruisk. A laila, manaʻolana no ka haohao kaua e materialize i piha: no, ma kēiaʻaoʻao o ka ke Kelemānia a i ole makemake pōpilikia. lākou malu laina i hoʻopuehuʻia a me ka poe uuku.

Ma Parichi wahi wale hahau pae wawahi 20 ei - i loko o kaʻeha koke ka pūnawele poʻina nalu o ka First Na kiai mau pūʻali. emi i Bobruisk The kēia kanaka Kelemānia i. Alualu ana ia lakou, i ka avant-garde ua ikea June 25 ma luna o nā outskirts o ke kulanakauhale.

Ma ka hihia o Rogachev Apana mua kulana home 'ole i ole pela rosy: ka enemi ka piena o pale, akā, i ka wa i hooleia ka olelo o ka lāʻau a hiki i ke kūkulu'ākau, nā mea e loaʻa leʻaleʻa. Ma ke kolu o ka lā ma hope o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka hana o ka Soviet kēia kanaka Kelemāniaʻike ihola ia i manawa e pakele ai, akā, Hawaiʻi moku: hohonu i loko o kaʻenemi ka hope o ka Soviet poʻina nalu koke ana. June 27 e hei ai lakou pani. Ua huli mai e e oi aku mamua o eono mahele o ka enemi, i nā lā loa luku i ma.

i ka pomaikai

Ka hoouka kaua ua loa kokololio. Lune 26, ka Army Red hookuuia Vitebsk, 27, ma hope o ka huhu, e kaua ana i ka Nazis nō haʻalele Orsha, 28, Soviet poʻina nalu hoi au i loko o Borisov, ka mea i hiki ke loa maemae i ka Iulai 1st.

Near Minsk, Vitebsk a me Bobruisk i make 30ʻenemi moku. 12 lā ma hope o ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka hana, Soviet lākou poʻe kaua nui 225-280 ei, hoʻokahi jerk ka wawahi hapalua o Belarus.

Oia ka hooulu ana o ka hanana Wehrmacht he i makaukau, a me ke kauoha pololei a hiki i ka pae "Center" koa grossly a systematically kuhihewa. manawa lehulehu hele no ka hola, a me kekahi manawa - i loko o nā minuke. Ma mua, ka mea, ua paa nae ka hiki ke pale aku encirclement, hehi hoʻi i ka manawa a hiki i ka muliwai. Berezina a e pili ana iʻaneʻi i ka laina hou o ka pale. He olelo lealea i loko o keia hihia i ka liberation o Belarus e lawe wahi i loko o na malama elua. Akā, Field Ilamuku W. Bush i ka mea ma ka manawa. Ina o kona manaoio ma ka infallibility o koa ho, no ka ikaika, ua Hitler, i loaʻa ua underestimated i ka mana o ka enemi, akā, oia mea he fanatical kēia mau kauoha a Hitler "e hoʻopale Hawaiian protrusion ma kekahi kāki" a hōkaiʻia kona poʻe kaua. 40 tausani na koa a me na ilamuku, e like me 11 Kelemānia pūkaua nui ka poe i noho kiʻekiʻe kulana, ua lawe pio. Ke hualoaʻa mea, kala, hilahila.

Walawala ai ma na successes o kaʻenemi, hoomaka feverishly na kēia kanaka Kelemānia ke kulana e hooponopono: Ua ousted Bush ma Belarus hoomaka ae la e huki aiiieieoaeuiuo iiauo pili 'o Randy. E ike i ka au, ka Soviet kauoha koi wikiwiki, a lawe Minsk i mua o Iulai 8th hope. Ke kuka Ua oi 3 o ke kapikala o ka repubalika i ua hoʻokuʻuʻia, a me ka nui ikaika o kēia kanaka Kelemānia (105 tausani koa a me na ilamuku) hikina o ke kūlanakauhale - hoopuniia. Ka hope aupuni ia i na mea he nui o lakou i ike i loko o koʻu ola ana, lilo Belarus. Makahiki 1944 ohi i pepehi i ko lakou koko e ohi ai :. 70 tausani kanaka, a ma kahi o 35 tausani i, e hele ana oukou ma na alanui o ka uwa o ka Soviet kulanakauhale alii .. enemi mua ka nuku kaulana i? ieaoa hana i ka nunui 400-kilomika o nahā i ua mea e liquidate. Na ke Kelemānia a holo aku la.

Elua ke kahua hana

"Hana Bagration" oia o nā kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ka hoomaka mua ma luna o 23 June. I keia manawa, ka mea, ua pono e uhai ma kaʻenemi ka KUMUMANAʻO NUI alo, flanking poe e luku aku i ka Hawaiian kualono. fronts paopao wau i ke kiʻekiʻe o converging, noʻonoʻo i loko o kekahi wahi ma ka palapala 'āina. Ma hope o ka pomaikai o ka pilikia i loli: ka mea, ua pono i ka urgently hōʻoia i ka alualu o kaʻenemi, a me ka wawahi i ka palena manawa laina. July 4 ka General Staff o ka USSR hoʻololi i ka palapala kumumanao, pela pau i ka pae mua o ke kai eʻe.

Ma kahi o ka converging diverging mau kuamoo mua no: 1st Baltic Front neʻe i Saula, 3rd Belarus e hookuuia Vilnius a me Lido, 2nd Belorusski mua no Navahradak, Grodno a me Belostok. Rokossovsky hele aku i loko o ke ala e hiki aku o Baranovichi a me Brest, a pau hope, au i hele mai ai i Lublin.

I ka lua o ka pae o ka hana "Bagration" hoomaka ma 5 Iulai. Soviet hao wale hoomau lākou kokololio mua. Ma ka hapalua like-kauwela hoomaka vanguards fronts e puʻe ke Neman. Ua hopu Major bridgeheads, a ma luna o ka Vistula River. Narev. Ma Iulai 16, o ka Army Red ku Grodno a me 28 - Brest.

August 29 hana i pau. Mai ana mai houʻanuʻu e ka lanakila.

Ke kaʻakālai nui o

Ma kona laulā "Bagration" o kekahi o ka mea nui loa kaʻakālai kūpono 'paipai aʻo kai eʻe. Huina liberation o Belarus Ua paa no 68 lā. Makahiki 1944, ma ka mea, i ka hoopau ana i ka hana o ke aupuni. Ua hapa 'ia' hoopakeleia mai ka palena o ka Baltic States, Soviet lākou poʻe kaua ma ka mokuna, a noho kekahi hapa o Poland.

I ka make ana o ka pūʻulu ikaika o kaua "Center" ua he nui koa a me ka kaʻakālai i ka pomaikai. Ua Ua loa luku 3 brigades a me 17 mau papa hoa paio. 50 māhele nalowale oi ma mua o ka hapalua o kona mau lala. Soviet poʻe hao wale i East Prussia - overarching Kelemānia outpost.

Ua ka pilina i ka holomua hope o ka mea hana i nāʻaoʻao, e like me ka puka o ka lua o ka alo.

Iloko o ka Kelemānia hana nui i ka poho o ka pili ana i ka hapa miliona kanaka (make, eha a me na pio). USSR i ae mai ka pōʻino nui, a me ka huina o 765 815 kanaka (178,507 make, 587.308 hoehaia). Soviet koa hōʻike i na hana mana o ka heroism ka mea, e waiho i ka liberation o Belarus. Makahiki o ka hana, nae, like me ka holoʻokoʻa wā o ka Apana World War i ka manawa o ka oiaio aupuni e piʻi like. Ka repubalika i ka ai iiiaanoaa o ka mea paipai manaʻo a me nā kia hoʻomanaʻo i. Ma ka 21st kilomika o ka Moscow alanui kūkulu i ka Mound o ka nani. Kapaau ho'āliʻi aku iā haʻi ho okumu ana ho eha'Elau symbolizingʻehā alo i lawe mai kai eʻe.

Ke kumukuai o keia kūloko lanakila ua ai nui, i ka Soviet aupuni i ana e hookupaa i ka mekala no ka liberation o Belarus, akā, a laila ka mea, aole hiki. Kekahi sketches Ka hoʻolilo 'ia e waiho i loko o ka Minsk Museum o ka Great Patriotic War mōʻaukala.