Ke pathogenesis o tuberculosis. Ke etiology o tuberculosis. Symptoms a me na hoailona o ka tuberculosis

About tuberculosis i lohe ai ma na mea he nui, akā, mau kanaka hoʻomaopopo ai i ka maoli pilikia o keia maʻi weliweli. No ka nui makahiki, kauka a puni ke ao nei i aʻo i nā kumumea ka hoʻopukaʻana i ka hooulu ana o ka maʻiʻaʻai, i ka papa kuhikuhiE na hoailona a me symptoms. Iloko o keia manawa, ka mea i loaʻa i ke kakahiaka nui kahua o tuberculosis o na maʻiʻaʻai a me nā nā loko hiki ke hana i loko o ka asymptomatic palapala, a me ka nele o ka lapaʻau hiki aku ai i ka mea complications.

Pōkole 'ike e pili ana i ka maʻi

I ka lā, i ka pathogenesis o tuberculosis aʻo i loko o piha. He He mea pepehi weliweli a me ka lahui lele mai, kena ae la ia e infectious Luna, mai ka genus Mycobacterium.

He nui na ano o ka microorganisms i ka hoʻonāukiukiʻana mai i loko o kānaka. Mau nā:

• kanaka, ia lŘlŘ loa pinepine, helu mahina no ka 92% o nā hihia hoike;
• bovine, i nā hualoaʻa ma me ka nui loa emi maʻi, ka mea, e ae mai ana 5%;
• waena,ʻano nui māhele ma South Africa, ma Rusia i ka maʻi 'akomi i loko o 3% o nā mea maʻi;
• iole a me ka manu, ua loaʻa wale nō i loko o kanaka me ka immunodeficiency Hawaii ma ka mōʻaukala.

Mau kanaka ike i ua ole kaupalena i ka'anatomia o ka naehana nenoaiu e tuberculosis. Ke bacillus Ua hoi ana:

• mau iwi;
• gastrointestinal'āpana;
• genitourinary kahua;
• lolo.

Nānā 'ole o ka wahi, ka maʻi i loa pilikia, a e inevitably alakai i ka make inā untreated.

I ka maʻi i ka lōʻihi incubation au. Ka mua symptoms e ikea mai ai ma hope o 3 months - 1 makahiki ma hope o ka hoʻokomo 'ia' ana o ka infectious Agena.

'ikepili helu

Health 'Oihana a puni ka honua i seriously mea e hopohopo nei e pili ana i ka kokololio laha ana o ka maʻi. Rusia i loko o ka papa inoa o ka'āina ai 22th wahi.

Mamua, i ka bulk o iho mailoko o na kanaka i ana'ōlelo i loko o ka hale paʻahao. Akā, mahope mai o ka kakahiaka nui 90-ies hoʻomaka ka outbreak, a me ka bacillus i ka papakaukau hohola.

Kela la i keia diagnosed hou hihia o ka tuberculosis waena waiwaiʻohana, ka hapanui o na keiki a pau, mai nā mea maʻi.

Ma ke ola kino mālama hui, kēia mea i pili i ka emi i loko o ka hae o ke ola o kanaka, ka poe i e ike i ka manawa, a ua kauoha ae e pili ka kūkuluʻana o ka'āina.

No ka mea, he nui na makahiki i hoʻokō i kēia maʻi laha hoʻomalu i ka lākou o ka kāohi ana i ae iki e stabilize i ke kulana, e ho'ēmi i morbidity a me ka make. Mau nā:

• Vaccination o nā pēpē i loko o ka haukapila;
• ka hoʻokoloʻana hou hihia ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka Mantoux hoao ana (no ka keiki), a me ka m-kukuna (i loko o nā mākua).

Tuberculosis bacillus ka loa hoʻopale i? Aneie loli, no laila, he lōʻihi manawa ua mālama 'ia ma ka viable moku'āina i loko o ka wai, aina, a no laila, ma luna o. N. No ka' ole-kaʻaeʻana me ka walaʻauʻana rula o ka pilikino kou niho pilikia o ka noho o kona kulana kiʻekiʻe.

ano hoailona

Ke iniiaiie kumu o ka pathogenesis o ka anal o pathogenic hoaa i loko o ke kino. Na kanaka mai,ʻaʻole koke haule maʻi, me, eiaʻaʻohe hoopii.

Me ka mea hoʻonāwaliwali maoli nō o ka e hoʻonele i ala mai:

• he hōʻemi iki mahuahua ma ke kino ana wela;
• mahuahua naau kōmi;
• loa sweating i ka po;
• hoʻopalai maka hui me ku pono ili pallor;
• nawaliwali, pōniuniu;
• cough;
• sputum kawili pu ia me ke koko.

Mea hōʻemi o mau ana aicieeaao no ka mea, o ka mea toxins kaʻapu kōheoheo germs. Ke hou aku i ka helu i ka nui o ka hou hai symptoms.

Ka mua hoailona o ka tuberculosis i loko o nā mea maʻi me ka ikaika'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana i e haʻahaʻa a me kahi e loa.

Ka loa loa papa a me ka kokololio Holomua ua malama i ka poe ola pilikia me.

Inā ka microorganism ua pepehi:

• Iwi - aia no he ikaika kaʻeha ma nā mea a pau ami a me ka oolea.
• Brain - he mea nausea, ka luaʻi, loa headache, a me ka Muscle eha.
• Urinary nenoaiu - ka hoʻomanawanui mau Kahalaopuna hoʻohālana bladder. Ka holomua ke kahua o ka helehelena o ke koko i loko o ka mimi.
• Gastrointestinal'āpana (GIT) - aia no he ikaika abdominal discomfort, nausea, ulaula streaks ma ka noho.
• Skin - ma luna o kona ili hana nodules piha me ka pus, i ho'ākākaʻia mai i loko o ka papa.

E kū'ē i ka backdrop o ka papa lōʻihi o ka tuberculosis, he mea ka hoʻoʻino granulomatous 'ano o ke kaʻina hana i hiki ke malama i loko o kekahi hoʻohuli ai i nā hui. E kuhikuhi i kona hoʻohana laekahi 'ano o kaʻike,.

kamepiula pūʻulu

Medicine ua lōʻihi hōʻike i ka pathogenesis o tuberculosis hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka moku'āina o ke kino i ka mea e malu ai nenoaiu.

Mai infecting ole kekahi mea'ōnaehana paleʻea, akā, i loko o ka lani kiekie loa kamepiula pūʻulu nā kānaka:

• HIV, a kōkua iā ia,;
• pio;
• loaa mai kela maʻi mai (ulcers o ka digestive'ōnaehana, mimikō, a pela aku ...);
• i hewaʻano;
• kaikaina;
• malama ole ana i ka kou niho rula;
• Ka pololei, hui 'ana me ka iho mailoko o kanaka;
• i hāpai keiki;
• ʻike piʻi regular stress;
• aole i loaa i ka mea e pono ai nā wikamina a me nā minelala hao;
• e noho ana i loko o environmentally keakea wahi;
• mai haʻahaʻa-loaa mau ohana;
• ole paa wahi o noho ai.

I ka ho'ā 'ia paha, i ka pathological kaʻina, ke pathogenesis o tuberculosis ua wehewehe aku e hoomahuahua ia infectious.

shape

Keʻano o ka maʻiʻaʻai hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka lapaau, ke kēla pahiki o infecting'ē aʻe kanaka. Līkaia no ka mea kēia pae o ka tuberculosis:

1. Open. Malama i lesions o na ia maʻiʻaʻai. Inā lawe mai sputum Ka Ikepili ua hoʻopaʻa i ke alo o pathogens i loko o laila, i ke kanaka mea infectious.
2. Pani '. Me ka hopena maikaʻi hopena, ke hoʻomanawanui nei i ka lawe ana i ka maʻi.

Inā ke koʻokoʻo loaʻa i loko o ke kino mua paipai iniiaiie palapala, ma ka mea ku pono hihia o ke kula kiʻekiʻe.

Eia hou, i ka maʻi ke oko a ma ka aoao maoli ka luku aku:

• miliary;
• hoʻolaha;
• infiltrative;
• i kaupalena 'ia;
• cheesy;
• fibrocavernous;
• tuberkulemny;
• cavernous;
• cirrhotic;
• tuberculous pleurisy.

Papa o ka maʻi i loko o ka wā kamaliʻi, a i hāpai keiki

Ke etiology o ka tuberculosis paipai i ka loa paha ia e iho mailoko o kanaka me ka nawaliwali'ōnaehana paleʻea nenoai. Oia ka 'aʻe' paha e congenital, akā, ka hapanui pinepineʻia i loko o ke kaʻina hana o ke ola, ma lalo o ka aoao o ka likeʻole aʻe.

Ma ka noho 'ana kamaliʻi hoomalu'ōnaehana ua i maopopo i hanaʻia, no laila, ua māhuahua ka pilikia o ka maʻiʻaʻai ma inverse like i ka makahiki i ke keiki ka. E. No ka mea, o lalo, o ka oi paha malicious laau.

Ma hope o maʻiʻaʻai, ka maʻi ia lŘlŘ ma ka like me loko o nā mākua, akā, i loko o ka oi loa palapala. I Kekahi Mau oko ao mai i mea.

TB i hāpai keiki mea,ʻaʻole he kumu no kona hoopau wale.

Ke hoʻololi i kaʻeleu pae hiki ke ike ia ma ka trimester mua a ma hope o haawi. Ma nā manawa rarer. Keia mea aie a hiki i ka ha awina o ka'ōnaehana paleʻea oihana, a me ka hormonal loli i loko o ke kino.

Maʻiʻaʻai o ka fetus ua ole mau malama. Holo nōhie ia mea typical no ka mea kēia pepa.

• fibrocavernous;
• loa luku;
• hoʻolaha.

Oia pathogens oluolu i kela kapa o ka placental ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai, ma o na la hanahana loa ka haunaele ma ka fetus.

Once ka pololeiʻike, ke hoʻomanawanui nei ma lalo o ka mana o ka gynecologist a me Tuberculosis.

Lapaʻau hoomaka koke, me ka Nāna e koho i huahana i loaʻa i ka mea uuku loa hopena maikaʻi 'ole ma o ka unborn keiki.

Inā ka maʻi ua 'akomi i ka manawa, o ka prognosis no ka wahine a me ke keiki kao-aloha, akā, ma laila nō' ia. I kekahi manawa, abortion ua nō paipai.

ana manaʻo

Ma hope iho o ka helehelena o ka hoailona mua o ka hana kupua nā mea maʻi kākaʻikahi kipa i ke kauka, akā, ma ka lapuwale. Ma hope o ka ea paha e noho malie hoi luhi e hūnā ole wale tuberculosis akā, i nā mea weliweli ka maʻi.

ʻO kekahi hōʻemi iki mea hōʻemi o ke ola me ka ole i na hoailona o ka huʻi naehana nā mea palahēhē, akā, me ka kuni e lilo kēia i mea e kipa i ka kauka.

Ka loiloi mua nana e kino i ka hoolohe i ka mea a pau hoopii, e lawe i ka mooolelo o ka etiology o tuberculosis, a haawi kuhikuhi ana i ka pono ho'āʻo ma (ke koko a me ka mimi), a me nā pono haʻawina, e hiki ia:

• Fluorography. 1 e paa ana ia i kela makahiki, mai ka makahiki o ka 15. Ua apono 'oe e hōʻike pulmonary tuberculosis a me nā naehana maʻi. Hookomoia ma ka papa inoa o OAXA ana no ka hana, ma mua e hele ana i loko o ke kaua, a no laila, ma luna o. N. Inā i ka hopena o ka m-kukuna mea debatable, me ka hou X-kukuna hana.
• Mantoux hōʻike. He nui nā kanaka kuhihewa i hookahuli ai ia me ka pakuiia auanei lakou. He He kūikawāʻano o kaʻike, o ka tuberculosis. Ua ua lawe mai ia i nā keiki i loko o ka makahiki, mai 1 makahiki a hiki i 14 - 15 makahiki, i kekahi manawa, i ka 17. A ka poe liilii, kui kele ma ua hookomoia ma lalo o kaʻili o ka waiwai - tuberculin. Ma kona 'ole loaʻa ka neoneo nā huahana o pathogenic laau. "A pihi" e hele mai ma hope o ka ihe. No ka mea loiloi '? Acoeueoao ana kona anawaena.
• Ua hoʻopili immunosorbent mea o loko (Elisa). Ua apono 'oe e hoʻoholo i ke alo o microorganisms i loko o ke koko ma ka manawa o ka mahele.
• Sputum Ka Ikepili Ziehl-Neelsen. Lawe mai i loko o nā mea maʻi a pau me ka hooloihi ae i cough. Sputum ua iaʻi lakou me ka kūikawā pāʻoihana, e leie aku e hooholo i ke alo o pathogenic bacilli.
• Bacteriological ka hua. Ua hoike nei oe i ke ano o ka lāʻau hoʻonāukiuki i ka maʻi. Lulu oʻoʻana e pili ana i 1-2 mahina, akā, e hāʻawi mai loa pololei hualoaʻa, e leie aku oe e koho i ka hoʻokō Inc.

No ka manao tuberculosis o nā nā loko ma ka hou i lawe mai:

• X-kukuna;
• MRI ole HI scan NineManga.com o ka loli wahi;
• encephalogram a me ka m. p.

Ke pathogenesis o tuberculosis ua loa like hiʻona me ka nui no hoi na maʻi, e like me ka maʻi 'aʻai, no laila,ʻaʻole manawa e hiki e manao ia koke.

lapaʻau

Koho o ka Incʻano nui hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka pathogenesis a me TB nā keʻena lāʻau lapaʻau. Ua ua hana ma lalo o ka mana o ka TB hoʻomalu, a lawe i ka lōʻihi manawa. Ma ka hapanui o na hihia, ka mea, he 2 makahiki, he uuku emi 3-4.

Ke koho ana o ka lāʻau noaia hilinaʻi nui ma luna o na mea he nui aʻe. I hookuu, ke kauka i ia i ka hoʻoholo 'ana ma luna o ke kumu o:

• ano o ke ahonui;
• makahiki a me ka wahine;
• hookolokolo hualoaʻa, a no laila, ma luna o. n.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE pahu hopu o ka lapaʻau.

• e ka mea hoʻomanawanui ole-lele;
• hoʻoulu i ka ho'ōla o ka poino nā'aʻaʻa;
• hoʻihoʻi aku ola.

Noke hualoaʻa Hiki ke loaʻa me ke kōkua o nā kēia mau ai ':

• Para-aminosalicylicʻakika.
• "Streptomycin".
• "Kanamycin".
• "Rifampicin".
• "Ftivazid".
• "Pyrazinamide".
• "Ethionamide".

ʻano nui hoʻohana 3, 4, a me 5 eiiiiiaiou ka poʻe.

E hōʻoia i ka hoʻohana 'ana me ka nānā' pākahi chemotherapy, lōʻihi like 'ole a me ka laʻau heluna.

Hope anaʻano pākīkē ka lapaʻauʻia'aʻaʻa e noho kaʻina mea lohi, aʻaʻole loa e like me ka pono, nolaila, no ke ano maoli'aʻaʻa? Aiiio kaʻina pinepine hoakaka phthisiatricians pathogenetic lapaau. Kēia nā He okoa huahelu o ka hana e loaʻa ai maikai hualoaʻa. O nā ke hiki aku:

• Anati-hoʻoʻino konohiki;
• immunomodulators;
• nā'ūhū;
• B nā wikamina;
• sorbents;
• ai 'no ka hoomalu ana a me ka hoihoi hou ia ana o ke akepaʻa (hepatic);
• glutamicʻakika;
• anticoagulants;
• antikininov;
• anabolic steroid i;
• antiallergic konohiki a me na mea e ae.

hana

Loa pinepine, i ka loiloi mua ano o ka maʻi mai i koiʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau lapaau. Ma holomua hihia ole hiki ole ia ano hana. Inā ka mea, e loli ai ka maʻiʻaʻai ua lawe mai:

• Lobectomy.
• Resection.
• Bilobektomiyu.
• Pneumonectomy.
• Kavernoektomiyu.
• Pneumothorax.

E noonoo pono i ka pathogenesis o extrapulmonary tuberculosis hou hiki no hoi ke hoopiliʻoki kino.

I ka wā o nā complications mai ka gastrointestinal'āpana o ka iho mailoko hoakaka ia oaeouee? A pilikiaʻoki kino, e wehe i ka hopena.

Tuberculosis CNS hanaʻano nui makeʻe kulana 'ana. Inā ka mea, e ole ke kōkua, ke hoomau aku a hiki i ka wehe 'ana o lesions. Kēia mea he nui loa luna 'hana, a hiki alakai i irreversible hopena.

Purulent ili granulomas hiki ke hoʻohana no hoi.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE manao ana o ia mau hana - e hoʻopau i ka hopena o ka maʻi, a paha hoihoi i ka loli nenoai.

He aha e hana ai i ole e

Ma naʻe o ka mea eʻole ke paio me ka tuberculosis 'inikua, pathology mea no loa, he pono ole ia ma ka heluna kanaka, no laila, i ka poino, e ike ana i ka hoʻopale' a me kou 'ohana.

• Vaccination. E keia vaccination ma ko lakou mau makua, akā, mai haʻalele ia. Ua apono 'oe e hoʻomōhala ikaika e hoʻonele i ka pēpē i ka maʻiʻaʻai, a i ka loa ikaika ma hope o hiki 1 makahiki. E like me ka hopena, i ke keiki mea i hana ino me ka tuberculosis, a hali aku ia i loko o ka maʻalahi ano.
• Mau nana. Ua apono 'oe e kuhikuhi i ka maʻi i loko o kona kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao i kakahiaka nui, a lawe mai i ka hoʻokō lapaau, e pale aku i ka maʻiʻaʻai ana o ka helu nui o kanaka. Kēia nā ka Mantoux hoao ana a me ka umauma X-Ray.

Kekahi pūʻulu o nā mea maʻi i hōʻike kāohi chemotherapy, ia maka:

• Me he palupalu'ōnaehana paleʻea'ōnaehana a maʻi akemāmā maʻi, gastrointestinal'āpana, Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu.
• Noho ana i loko o ka hookahi lumi me ka iho mailoko o kanaka.
• Me ka loli ma ka naehana'āpana e ku e ia i ke kāʻei kua o ka loaa ana tuberculosis.
• Wā kamaliʻi me ka ilihune hualoaʻa Mantoux hōʻike.

Ma waho aʻeo ia 'inikua uao ai', loaʻa nō i ka helu o nā koi i ke emi i ka pilikia o ka ulu i ka maʻi. E hana i kēia.

• hana mau;
• ai ke ola i keʻai;
• aumeume me ka 'ino;
• holoi lima loa ma mua ai ana, a ma hope o ka hele ana i ka lehulehu wahi;
• kaupalena hui 'ana me ka maʻi kanaka;
• pono disinfected keʻokeʻo maluna, malaila e iho mailoko o;
• mau lawe nā wikamina, a hoʻomākaukau i loaʻa ka polyunsaturated momoma nāʻakika me ka Omega-3.

All-TB hoʻomalu, kauka i kekahi wahi huna ma pehea e emi i ka pilikia o ka aoao tuberculosis. E hana i kēia, e pono i aina kakahiaka i loko o ke kakahiaka, a me ka pale ia manawa lōʻihi o ka pololi ma ka lā (oi loa ka wā o ka pono e hoʻohana lehulehu amo). Ua Ua manaoio ia, mai ka bacillus iʻaneʻane hiki ole e komo iloko o ke kino.

complications

Ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole o ka tuberculosis ua hoailono aku ma luna o ko lākou mau maka, e hookaulua i ke kipa i ke kauka a me ka ole lapaʻau' ana. Holo palapala hiki ke olelo hooweliweli aku i kānaka:

• cardiac a me ka ÷ naehana hanu ole;
• kahe ana ke koko mai o ka loli ana i nā loko;
• ulceration, fistula;
• hihia hoʻiʻaʻa puʻuwai hana a me ake;
• kūpono 'ana o granulomas ma ke kino;
• amyloidosis;
• pneumothorax;
• mea hōʻemi o Hawaii ho'āʻo;
• lōlō;
• sepsis;
• gangrene;
• necrosis;
• coma;
• ona.

I ka mea ilihune loa na complications o ka maʻi prognosis.

Mai ka luna ka mea, hiki e manao ia ka maʻi hoʻonāukiukiʻana mai o keʻano o nā symptoms. Ka mua hoailona o pulmonary tuberculosis i hoike lōʻihi cough, mai hoʻopau i ka mucolytic ai '. Kēia e Alert i ka hoʻomanawanui, a hele aku la ia ia e ike i kekahi kauka. He waiwai, e hoomanao i ka maʻi pane pono i ka iapaau ana me ka 'eleu lapaʻau, a ma ka hihia o ke hoʻololi i ka holomua ano o ka pilikia kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu complications, inevitably e alakai ana i ka make eha.