Ke Reformation ma Europe

Ma ka pau ana o ka Middle Ages ka Ekalesia Hui i kekahi o nā papa hana richest a loa ikaika maʻEulopa. Akā, i kēia mana ua maopopo wale: ke anaina kanaka, a me ka noʻonoʻo a me ka hanohano, oi maturely'ōhumu mai me ka omnipotence o na clergy, a ho'ōla kūpono ma ka neʻeʻana no ke kūkulu hou o ka ekalesia - ka Reformation.

kumu

Ma ka pau ana o ka XV kenekulia kingship i waho i loko o nā'āinaʻEulopa he nui loa. Kings, e hilinai ana ma luna o ka poe koa, a me ka bureaucracy, ua olioli ole me ka piʻiʻana o ka Pope i loko o kā lākou mau hana. Kā lākou waiwai alakaʻi mō'ī i ole e pono ai. Haunted na'lii a me ka waiwai o ka Hui Church, a i kekahi o ka mea nui loa landowners maʻEulopa. Ae, ina wale ia! Ma tithing, uku no nā lawelawe a me ke kuai ana o indulgences clergy hoʻolimalima i nui na dala o ke kala i "ʻau" i loko o ka mamao Roma. Kēia Mō'ī, o ka papa, i ole makemake.

Ano o kanaka e,ʻaʻole makemake nā kahunapule, a laila. Mua, ka mea kiʻekiʻe ka lilo o ka mea ume, a like aliʻi. Ka lua, o ka 'ōlelo o ka hoomana - i kela kanaka keia kanaka i hoomaopopo mea i oleloia mai e ke kahuna ma luna o kona Lakina. Akā, hiki aku ia i makemake i ka mea i ka ekalesia ua hoomaemaeia nei inequalities. Ua huli mai ia i ke kanaka o ka haahaa me Kinohi i ka wa e ola nei, e lilo i kekahi mea, a hiki ina mea pulls kanaka waiwai. A i 'ole tolerate hoʻoweliweli mea e ka poe ma ka mana wale no ka mea i ai, ke'ōlelo nei lākou, oi ma mua o wānana.

E hoomaka ana o ka Reformation

Ka nui'ōhumu mai me ka Ekalesia Hui ua kapaʻia i loko o ka hakina Germany. Nolaila, ia mea me ia, a hoomaka ae la ka Reformation maʻEulopa. I ka 1517, he opiopio theology Kumu Martin Luther like ma luna o ka puka o ka hale ekalesia o 95 Hōʻuluʻulu Manaʻo - kā lākou mau manao ma ka ekalesia kauoha. Ke kumu i ka rampant kuai o indulgences. Mau palapala a pau, i ke kālā no hua'ōlelo, 'ike e pili ana i ke kalaia'na o no hala. Ka mea, ua kūʻaiʻia e nā mōneka, e holoholo mākou ma Germany. Aie i ka indulgences Pope? Oaony e kūkulu hou i ka ekalesia o ke St .. Petero ka ma Roma. Luther Hoohewa mai la i kēia mau kauoha. He manaoio aku i ka Pope i kekahi kuleana e hoopuka kala aku. Luther no hoi i olelo mai ai mai ke alo o ka lush kānāwai, monasticism a me ka celibacy, haawiia mai ia e kahuna. I ka Baibala ua maopopo i ka ano o kēia kanaka Kelemānia, ka poe i ike ole ai he Roma, oia unuhi ia i loko o kā lākou 'ōlelo.

Luther ka wiwo ole hai alakaʻi Pope Leo X ua uuku au. He Koi aku la ia ia e haʻalele i kona mau manao, a me ka wā āna i hoole mai, hai mai la ia ia i ka heretic, a excommunicated. Akā, Luther Ua i deterred - ma ka mea ku ole, i loaa i ka papal bipi, oia haehae ihola ia i ka okioki. I nehinei i ka Kumu ikea ka nui o nā kākoʻo, me he influential. pee iho la kekahi o ka Kelemānia aliʻi ia i loko o kona hale kākela, kakau iho la kahi Luther theological hana. Ia manawa, i ka Reformation ma Europe i increasingly ulu. LutherʻIkea ukali i kaumaha aku ai, e hele aku no i koe aku ma ka hoonoho iho la ao like. Ko lakou luna Tomas Myuntser alakaʻi i ke kipi ulu i loko o ka kua'āina kaua. Kelemānia luna koke luku aku i ka poʻe poʻe kipi poorly, i ka wā ma koa mea. Ke uprising Ua brutally uhi pū. Ma hope o ia, no ka Reformation ma Germany hope hele i loko o ka lima o ka naita ma alii ko lakou.

Ka paio ma waena o nā mau ekalesia

Oiaio,ʻaʻole pau i ka aristocracy Luther maliu mai i ka manaʻo ikaika. Ma waena o Kakolika a me ka poʻe Kalawina (e like me ka la ia mea adherents o ka hou ana) pepehi i ka kaua paio. Ua mau ae la ia no ka lōʻihi manawa a pau Augsburg honua ua loaʻa i kēlā me kēia luna iho i nā kānaka apau e hoʻoholo i nā mea e hiki mai i ka hoomana i loko o kona aupuni. Ka manaʻo e kūkulu hou i ka ekalesia ua lele, a me ka wa o ka Reformation ma Europe i palahalaha ae ma ka hema o Hawaii, Kuikilana, Palani, ka Scandinavian aina. Ma ka Netherlands, kūloko Kalawina nui kipi ku e Paniolo rula, a loaʻa Kuokoa.

Mua hoʻomohala i ka Reformation maʻEnelani. King Henry VIII koi i ka Pope, no laila, ua hāʻawiʻo ia iā ia iʻae e oki mare i kana wahine hookahi. He hoole, a me ka mō'ī hai aku i ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia Church mea hou e kaukaʻi ma Roma. No laila, i ka 1534 i ke poo o na clergy ma keia aina, a me a me ka mea nāna o nā mea a pau ekalesia waiwai, i lilo ai ia i alii. Ua mea akaka i ka Pope ka hoole ana ua wale he pretext e hopu nā mea a pau no ia mea no ia i ka ekalesia. A me ka mea i nui koke hanaia. Ke koena o ka Anglican Church, e like me ka mea ua kapaia ano, ua i ka manawa lōʻihi e like me ka Hui.

Eia naʻe, ma ka waena o ka XVI kenekulia ka Hui clergy i hele mai ai i ke ola, a me ka Reformation ma Europe e halawai ikaika e kū'ē'ē mai. Ke vanguard o ka paio e ku ei ka poʻe Kalawina lilo i ka mea o ka Jesuits, hoʻokumu i ka 1540 kona mau ukali Kau aku la lakou ma Europe i ka pukapuka o ke kula, nana i haawi mai i ka hoʻonaʻauao maikaʻi, a no ka inculcate i nā haumāna o ka Ekalesia Hui aloha. Na Jesuits i ole kānalua a me ka espionage, hoohihia lakou mau konohiki a pau aliʻi Aha. Mau ana e pili 'ae' e hooki i ka Reformation. Akā, me ka mana mua o ka Ekalesia Hui hou ia.