Kelemania, ma hope o ke Kaua Honua I: ulu a me ka hoʻopulapula

Na losing aupuni Kelemania, ma hope o ke Kaua Honua au ua hoano e ka nui waiwai a me ka nohona hoʻoponopono ulia. Ke aupuni Ua lukuʻia aupuni mō'ī, a ma kona wahi i hele mai i ka Repubalika, i kapaʻia ka Weimar. Ua pili aupuni'ōnaehana ana a hiki i ka makahiki 1933, ka wā o nā Nazis hele mai la i ka mana, alakaiia'ku e Adolf Hitler.

November kipi

Ma ka Akuma ka o 1918 ke Kaiser ka Kelemania, ua ma luna o ka verge o ke pio i loko o ka First World War. Ke aupuni Ua paupauaho ma ka hookahe koko ana. Ke kaiāulu kanaka, Ua lōʻihiʻoihana kaua'ōhumu mai me na Aupuni Wilhelm II. Ua kūpono ma ka NowemapaʻOiʻenehana, a hoomaka iho la ma ka November 4 me ka uprising o ka luina ma Kiel. More nei, he ua, ua like hanana ma Rusia, kahi o nā kenekulia-kahiko mō'ī ua hina no ka nui. Ka mea hiki i ka hopena, a ma Germany.

November 9 ke Kuhina Nui Kuhina Maksimilian Badensky kūkala i ka pau ana o ka noho alii ana o Wilhelm II, ua mua poho mana ma luna o nā mea Ka hanaia i loko o ke aupuni. Kaulike hoolilo i kona mana i ka manao o ka Friedrich Ebert Foundation, a haʻalele Pelelina. Ke hou poo o ke aupuni, oia kekahi o na luna o na kanaka kaulana Kelemānia pōʻai-kemokalaka ka hele, a me ka SPD (Social kemokalaka Party o Germany). Ma ka Ia lā ka mea i kūkala ka hoʻokumu o ka repubalika.

Ke kue i ka Entente maoli ahulau. Nowemapa 11 ma Kompenskom ulu lāʻau i loko o Picardy armistice i kakauinoaia, a ua lilo i papani ai hoi i ka hookahe koko ana. Ano, i ka wā e hiki mai ana o 'Eulopa i loko o nā lima o nā diplomats. Hoomaka unofficial ke kūkā 'a me ka hoomakaukau ana no ka nui kūkā. I ka hopena o nā mea a pau kēia mau hana i ke Kuikahi o Versailles, kakau inoa ma ke kauwela o 1919. Ma ka mau malama i mua o ka hopena o ka 'aelike, Germany ma hope o ke Kaua Honua au ua hoano e ka hailona no na hana keaka hanana.

Spartacist uprising

Kekahi kipi hiki aku ai a hiki i ka mana holo, a ua ho'āʻo ana e lawe i kekahiʻano o nā kaua, a me ka Nowemapa kipi i loko o keia ano, ua i koe. Elua mahina ma hope o ka haule ana o ke aupuni mō'ī a me ka hope o ke kaua i loko o Pelelina wawahi mai puali kaua ma waena o koa kupaʻa i ke aupuni a me nā kākoʻo o ka Communist Party. Recent makemake e kūkulu i loko o ka hale aina o ka Soviet Repubalika. Key ikaika i loko o kēia neʻeʻana i ka Spartacus o Oʻahu a me kona loa kaulana lala: Karl Liebknecht a me Roza Lyuksemburg.

January 5, 1919 na Communists i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i kekahi' olohani i uhi i ka pau ana o Pelelina. Oia koke ulu i loko o ka kaua uprising. Kelemania, ma hope o ke Kaua Honua au i ka lapalapa ipu keleawe i loko o i clashed keʻano o nā mea kū i a me ideologies. Spartacist uprising Ua luku Episode o keia confrontation. A pule ma hope, i ka hana ana huli mai e ia i ka poʻe hao wale i luku mai kupaʻa i ke Aupuni Kūikawā. January 15 Karl Liebknecht i pepehi Roza Lyuksemburg.

Bavarian Soviet Repubalika

Ke pili aupuni ulia i loko o Kelemania, ma hope o ka First World War kūpono ma kekahi nui uprising o nā kākoʻo o Marxism. I 'Apelila 1919, i ka mana i loko o Bavaria no i ka Bavarian Soviet Repubalika, pila hāpa e ku e aku i ke kikowaena aupuni. Aupuni alai ae la ma kona Communist Evgeny Levin.

Ke Soviet Lepupalika Ua hoʻonohonoho 'ia kona mau Red Army. No ka wa i noho hiki ke komo i ka puʻe o ka poʻe hao wale o ke aupuni, akā, ma hope o kekahi mau pule ia ana ua hee a ua auhee ia Munich. Nāʻekeʻeke hope o ke kipi i ua kau aku ia ma luna o May 5. Events ma Bavaria alakai aku ai i ka mea hū inaina o ka hema-'ēheu ideology a me kākoʻo o ka hou kipi. I ka mea e noho kokoke ana Iudaio, kūpono i ka nalu o Anati-Semitism ma ke poo o ka Soviet Repubalika. Ma kēia mau kanaka i ka manaʻo i hoomaka ai e pāʻani'ano'ē nationalists, me kākoʻo o Hitler.

Weimar kumukānāwai

A mau lā ma hope o ka pau ana o ka Spartacist uprising i loko o kakahiaka 1919, i paʻa mau koho, a i koho ai i ka haku mele 'ana o Weimar National Ahaolelo. He noteworthy i oiai ke kuleana e koho ai no ka manawa mua loa i loaa mai i kekahi wahine Kelemānia. Ka mua Constituent Ahaolelo houluulu i 6 February. Ka a pau aupuni ua ukali kokoke i ka hana ma loko o ka uuku Thuringian kūlanakauhale o Weimar.

Ke ki hana ana o na kanaka ka poeikohoia i loko o ka hookamaia ana o ka hou kumukānāwai. E hoomakaukau ai no ke kānāwai walaʻauʻana o Kelemania, alakai aku levoliberal Hugo Preiss, ka mea ma hope lilo ka Reich Kuhina o ka Kalaiaina. Ke Kumukanawai i kekahi aupuni 'aelike a me ka loa okoa mai ke Kaiser. I ka palapala i kaʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai ma waena o nāʻano pili koa o ka hema a me ka akau'ēheu.

Act e hoʻokau i ka hale kanawai aupuni a ka lehulehu me ka pono nohona a me ka lokomaikai hoi o ka ai no kona poe kanaka. I ka papa kuhikuhiE Ahaolelo kino o ka Reichstag i koho ia no eha makahiki. He i ka moku'āina Bedroom, a hiki hoʻololi mai i ka oihana o ke poo o ke aupuni (Kaulike), e like me kekahi Kuhina.

Loaa i loko o Kelemania, ma hope o ka First World War hiki ole e loaʻa me ka maikaʻi-functioning a me ka maikaʻi-O ke kaulike kālai'āina kahua. No laila, i ke kumukānāwai hoʻolauna i ka hou poo o ka moku'āina - Reich Peresidena. Ua i ka mea nana i hoonoho mai i ke poo o ke aupuni, a loaa i ka pono, e hoike mai i hale kanawai. Reich peresidena koho ia ma ke koho ma 7-makahiki makahiki.

Ka mua ke poʻo o ka mea hou Kelemania, ua ka Friedrich Ebert. He paʻa ia i nā hana i loko o 1919-1925 GG. Weimar Kumukanawai, a waiho iho la i ke kumu no ka hou aina, i aponoia e ka Constituent Ahaolelo ma 31 Iulai. Reich pelekikena kakau inoa ia ma August 11. Kēia lā i hai aku i ka lahui Holiday ma Germany. Ka mea hou pili aupuni? Eia i kapaia ka Weimar Repubalika i loko o ka hanohano o ke kulanakaukale, i kahi i hooholoia hiʻona'āina constituent anaina kanaka, a me ka Kumukanawai o laila. Kēia kemokalaka aupuni ana mai ka 1919 a hiki i ka makahiki 1933. Omaka ka mea, waiho iho la i ka Nowemapa kipi i loko o Kelemania, ma hope o ka First World War, a me ka mea i luku mai ma ka Nazis.

Ke Kuikahi o Versailles

Ia manawa, ma ke kauwela o 1919 ma Farani houluulu diplomats mai a puni ka honua. Lakou halawai e kūkākūkā a me ka hooholo mea e ia Kelemania, ma hope o ka First World War. Ke kuikahi o Versailles, a lilo iho la ia i ka hopena o ka lōʻihi kūkākūkā kaʻina hana, i kakauinoaia ma o Iune 28th.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE theses o ka palapala, ua like penei. France Ua loaa mai Germany hoopaapaa aina o Alsace a me Lorraine, ua lilo aku ia ma hope o ke kaua me Prussia i ka makahiki 1870. Pelekiuma hele aku la a hiki i ka mokuna apana Eupen a me Malmedy. Poland i haawi mai i ka aina ma Pomerania a me Poznan. Danzig lilo i noa kulanakauhale-'ākilikai. Ka lanakila mana i hooponopono o ka Baltic Memel wahi. I ka 1923, ua i hoolilo i ka hou kūʻokoʻa Lithuania.

I ka 1920, e like me ka hopena o na kanaka kaulana plebiscites Denmark loaa kekahi hapa o Schleswig, a me Poland - he apana o ke keena Silesia. Small hapa o ia hoolilo no hoi ia i ka mea e pili Czechoslovakia. I ka Ia manawa, ma kekahi koho ana o Kelemania, hoopaa iho la i ka hema o East Prussia. Na losing aupuni e kumu hoʻomalu i ke ku okoa ana o Austria, Poland a me Czechoslovakia. I ka mokuna o Kelemania, ma hope o ke Kaua Honua au hoʻololi i loko o ke ano i ka aina i lilo a pau Kaiser panalāʻau ma na wahi e ae o ke ao nei.

Hoʻokau 'a me ka hoʻoponopono'

Pili ana i ka Kelemānia hema kapa o ka Rhine malalo i ka demilitarization. Na puali koa hiki ole hou oi aku i ka hoailona o ka 100 tausani kanaka. Ua abolishes muli o koa lawelawe. Ua nui ua ole i hoopohoia iho moku kaua i hoolilo lanakila'āina. No hoi, Germany makemake hou i ka laekahi kapa kila kaa a me ka hakakā mokulele.

Uku aku mai Kelemania, ma hope o ke Kaua Honua au ua like ia 269 ieeeea? Kaha, i lākou, ka hola 100 tausani na tona o ke gula. No lailaʻo ia i ka uku i ka piʻi 'waiho wale aku no ia e ka Ally'āina like me ka hopena o ka eha-makahiki kai eʻe. Ua hoʻokumuʻia A hana ke aeia, e hooholo i ka koi 'ia dala.

Ka pōʻaiawaiwai Kelemānia ma hope o ke Kaua Honua au i ae nui mai ka uku. Uku depleted i hōkaiʻia aupuni. Ua iʻaʻole i kōkuaʻia e ka mea i loko o 1922 , ka Soviet Rusia kipaku uku aku, a haawi aku ia no kaʻaeʻana i ka nationalization o Kelemānia waiwai i loko o ka lānai hou i hana Soviet Union. Ma kona ola ana, i ka Weimar Repubalika, a i ole uku i kaʻaelike dala. A hiki Hitler hele mai la i ka mana, āna i hana ai, a papani iho la i ke kālā ka hoʻoili. I ka uku o ka uku aku i hana hou ia i ka 1953, a laila, hou - i ka makahiki 1990, ma hope o ka unification o ka aina. Eia uku aku mai Kelemania, ma hope o ke Kaua Honua au i uku wale nō i loko o ka makahiki 2010.

na kāna hana e lawelawe

No malie ma hope o ke kaua i loko o Kelemania, i ole e hele mai. Ke kaiāulu kanaka, nui nō nā kumu kā lākou plight, ia mau mea, ua haʻalele a me ka pololei'ano'ē koa, ka poe i imi no ka poe kipi a me culprits o ka hoʻoponopono ulia. Ka German hoʻokele waiwai ma hope o ke Kaua Honua hiki ole e hoihoi hou ia no ka a eia i pepehi iho at ia o na hana.

Ma March 1920, ua Kapp putsch. Ua ho'āʻo coup Ua aneane alakaʻi i ka hoʻopau o nā mea a pau o ka Weimar Repubalika i loko o ka lua o ka makahiki o kona ola. Part e like me ke Kuikahi o Versailles disbanded nei i ka poe koa, a hopu aupuni hale ma Pelelina. Society mahae. Kupono mana evacuated ma Stuttgart, kahi i kapaʻia no ka poʻe,ʻaʻole e kākoʻo i ka coup a me ka hoonohonoho pepehi iho at ia. E like me ka hopena, i pepehi i ka poe kipi, akā, i ka waiwai a me ka infrastructural? Acaeoey o Kelemania, ma hope o ke Kaua Honua I hou ana i ka loa nui.

I ka Ia manawa i loko o ka Ruhr'āina, kahi ua nui na mines ua he kipi o na hana. Ua hoʻolauna ke demilitarized wahi poʻe hao wale, e ku e ana i ka olelo hooholo o ka Kuikahi o Versailles. Ma muli o ia ka 'aʻe ana i ka' aelike i ka Palani kaua komo i loko o Darmstadt, Frankfurt, Hanau, Homburg, Duisburg a me kekahi'ē aʻe komohana kulanakauhale.

Na hao wale hou haʻalele Kelemania, ma ke kauwela 1920. Eia naʻe, tensions ma ana i ka naita lanakila aina hoopaakiki mau iho la. Ua Ua kena ae la kālā kuwaho o Kelemania, ma hope o ka First World War. Ke aupuni Aʻole ole i lawa ke kālā i uku aku. Ma muli o ke 'ole' ana i ka hookaa ana i Farani, a Pelekiuma noho i ka Ruhr wahi. malaila ko lakou poe koa a pau i loko o 1923-1926 GG.

aneiai hoʻoponopono ulia

Kelemānia kuwaho ma hope o ke Kaua Honua IIʻeleu ma luna o ka hana o ka loaa ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahi pono ke alu like. Alakaʻiʻia e kēia mau iho me ka noʻonoʻo, i ka 1922 o ka Weimar Repubalika kakauinoa i 'aelike me Soviet Rusia kuikahi o Rapallo. Ka palapala i kapaʻia no ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ke kalaiaina hui' ana ma waena o ka noho kaʻawale ke kalohe Hawaii. Hoʻohui o Kelemania, a me ka Russian Hui (a ma hope o ka Soviet Union), kena ae la eha ma ka naau i waena o Europa capitalist aina e, AOON ka Bolsheviks, a oi loa aku hoi ma Farani. I ka 1922, hoʻoweliweli pepehi Walter Rathenau - Kuhina o ko na Aina e, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia i ka hōʻailona o ka berita ma Rapallo.

Mawaho pilikia o Kelemania, ma hope o ke Kaua Honua maloʻo ma mua o ka maloko. Aie i ka mea i mākaukau i uprisings, e pepehi iho at a me ka uku aku i ka hoʻokele waiwai o ka aina i ka houʻolokaʻa aʻela i loko o ka lua. Ke aupuni ho'āʻo e hoola i ke kahua ma ka hoʻoulu i ke kala o ke kala.

A maoli hopena o kēia kulekele ua emi ka waiwai o ke kālā, a me ka hū impoverishment o ka heluna kanaka. Ke kāki o ka aina kālā (pepa mark) ole-ua oki ka emi. Emi ka waiwai o ke kālā ulu i loko o hyperinflation. Uku haʻahaʻa luna a me nā kumu uku kilograms o ka pepa kālā, akā, e kūʻai i kēia mau miliona, aohe mea. Kālā stoked e'a'ā ana. Ilihune alakaʻi i ke kaumaha. He nui na moʻolelo i hope i hōʻike mai ia mea, ua nohona upheaval ia e hele mai i na Aupuni hoʻohana populist slogans nationalists.

I ka 1923, ka Comintern ho'āʻo e lawe ka lanakila o ka ulia, a hoʻonohonoho i hoao mai ai i ka hou kipi. Ua pilikia ka. Center kū'ē Communists, a me ke aupuni, hoomaka ae la i Hamburg. Nā poʻe hao wale komo i ke kulanakauhale. Ke hoʻoweliweli mai i wale mai ma ka hema. Ma hope iho o ka abolition o ka Bavarian Soviet Repubalika o Munich lilo i wahi paa o na nationalists a me conservatives. Ma Nowemapa 1923 i loko o ke kūlanakauhale, aia ua kekahi coup i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka'ōpio politician Adolf Hitler. Ma muli o ia kekahi kaua kipi Ebert Reich pelekikena kau pilikia rula. Beer Hall Putsch Ua paopao a ua ho'āʻo kona initiators. Hitler i loko o ka hale paʻahao mahina wale 9. Kona hoi ana i ke ku okoa ana,ʻo ia ka hoʻomaka 'ia me ka Ekahi no ka pii ana i ka mana.

"Golden Twenties"

Hyperinflation, ua haehaeʻia ka mea opiopio Weimar Repubalika, i Wahi e ka hoike ana o ka hou kālā - hoolimalima lama. Kālā mihi, a me ka hōʻeaʻana mai o nā haole waiwai kūʻai i nā alakaʻi i ke aupuni i loko o ka pono, a hiki nae i ka nui loa o na kāna hana e lawelawe.

Pakahi aku la ia pono hopena dala i hele mai, mai kahi'ē, ma ke ano o 'Amelika loan ma lalo o ke kumumanao o Charles Dawes. I loko o kekahi mau makahiki i ka papa hana o Kelemania, ma hope o ke Kaua Honua I alakai ai i ka loa-kali noaaeeecaoee o ke kulana. i pili ka pomaikai i loko o ka wā 1924-1929 GG. Aʻu i kapa aku i ka "Golden Twenties".

Ka mawaho kuwaho o Kelemania, ma hope o ke Kaua Honua I loko o kēlā mau makahiki i kekahi holomua. I ka 1926, ua hui i ka 'Âlapa o Nations, a lilo iho la ia i ka piha lālā o ko ke ao nei kaiāulu, hana ma hope o ka aponoia ana o ke Kuikahi o Versailles. E malama i ka pili aloha me ka USSR. I ka 1926, Soviet a me Kelemānia diplomats ua kakauinoa i ka hou Pelelina Kuikahi o neutrality, a non-aggression.

Kekahi mea nui kalaiaina berita lilo Briand Pact - Kellogg. Kēia 'aelike, i kakau ia ma 1926 ma ki honua mana (a me Kelemania), hai mai i ka renunciation o ke kaua me he mea kökua ka kālai'āina. Pela i hoomaka ai i ke kaʻina o e pili ana i ke ano o Europa like maluhia.

I ka makahiki 1925 ke koho ana i mālama 'ia i ka hou Reich Peresidena. Ke poo o ka moku'āina ua General Paul av Hindenburg, ka mea hoi i komo i ke ano o Field Ilamuku. He ua kekahi o na ki luna o ke Kaiser ka poe koa iloko o ka First World War, me nā hana kuhikuhi ma ke alo ma ka Hikina Prussia, kahi e kaua me ka poe koa o Tsarist Rusia, he. Rhetoric Hindenburg ua markedly okoa mai ka rhetoric o kona, hoʻokomo, Ebert. Old koa 'Imi hoʻohana ma populist slogans o ka Anati-Socialist, a nationalist ano. Mau hui hualoaʻa alakai he ehiku-makahiki kālai'āina 'ana o Kelemania, ma hope o ka First World War. Aia ua no kekahi mau hoailona o ka instability. No ka laʻana, ma ka hale kanawai i ole i alakai i ka aoao poe koa, a me kaʻahahuiʻae like hoʻokuʻu ma kahai mau loaʻa iā lākou iho ma ka verge o'opi. Lunakanawai ma aneane kela manawa clashed me ke aupuni.

The Great kaumaha

I ka 1929 i loko o ka US he ua he kumukūʻai market kui ma Wall Street. No ka mea, o keia, mea, papani iho la i laweʻae'ē i ka haole Germany. Ke aneiai ka hoʻoponopono ulia, koke kapaia ka Great kaumaha loli ke ao nei a pau, akā, ka mea, ua ka Weimar Repubalika i ae mai o ka mea ikaika ma mua o na mea e ae. Kēia mea,ʻaʻole kahaha ko oukou naau, mai ka aina loaʻa i ka hoahanau, akā,ʻaʻole lōʻihi-makahiki kumupaʻa. The Great kaumaha koke alakai aku ai i ka'opi o ka hoʻokele waiwai Kelemānia, kue o ka mea hoʻolilo, nuipa a ka nele, a me ka nui 'ē aʻe crises.

A hou kemokalaka Kelemania, ma hope o ka First World War, ma ka pōkole, uaʻoi loa aku ka ma ka noho ana i ka hoʻololi 'ana i ia mea, ua hikiʻole i ka. Ke aupuni Uaʻelemakule e kaukaʻi ma o ka US, a me ka US ulia hiki ole hoopai i ka ona e loa. Eia naʻe, ninini ihola i kaʻaila ma luna o ke ahi, a me ka kūloko nā loea kālai'āina. Aupuni, hale kanawai a me ke poo o ka moku'āina ma mau kue ana a me ka hiki ole kukulu iho la lakou i ka nui-pono AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN.

A maoli hopena o ka'ōhumu mai me ka papa kahua o ka heluna kanaka i lilo i ulu'ano'ē. Alakaʻi ma ka hana mikiʻala Hitler NSDAP (National Socialist Kelemānia Party) makahiki ma hope o ka makahiki i loaa i kekahi ke koho hou koho. Ke kaiāulu kanaka, i lilo i mea mahaloia manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē e pili ana i ka stab i loko o ke kua, betrayals a me ka poe Iudaio kipi. No huʻi inaina no ka ike ole enemi ua hoano e ka mea i kupu mai ma hope o ke kaua, a i ole ike ia kona ke haiia'ku keiki kanaka.

I ka hiki ana i ka mana o ka Nazis

Ka hiʻona o ka Nazi Party alakai kona alakaʻi Adolf Hitler i kālai'āina. Aupuni a me nā lālā o ka hale kanawai, hoomaka ae la e noonoo i ka pīhoihoi nationalist me he lālā o ka maloko mana pu. Kemokalaka aoao iʻaʻole i hanaʻia i ka 'amelika alo e ku e Nazis a pau e ho onui ana hiʻona. He nui centrists imi i loko o Hitler ka Ally. Mea e ae, manao iho la ia i kona pōkole-noho pawn. I ka mea, Hitler, o ka papa, i loa Ua manageable huahelu, a deftly hoʻohana aku o kela mea keia e mahuahua kona hiʻona, e ka mea, he waiwai ulia a me ka noʻonoʻo loi o communists.

Ma March 1932, ua hele ka e hiki mai ana ke koho Reich Peresidena. Hitler hoʻoholo e komo i loko o ke koho kai eʻe. Ke'ākeʻakeʻa mai no ia i kona mau'Aukekulia kupa. Ma ka Ewa o ke koho ana, Kalaiaina Kuhina Honolulu'āina a pau i kauoha mai ai i ka kulekele luna i loko o ka Pelelina aupuni. Kēia formality ae Hitler e kiʻi Kelemānia kupa. Ma ke koho ana i loko o ka mua a me ka lua o ka a, oia i ka lua wahi, losing wale ia Hindenburg.

Reich peresidena no i ka luna o ka NSDAP me ka mālama nui. Eia naʻe, makaʻala kūpuna poo o ka moku'āina i kau aku i ka hiamoe a kona mau alakaʻi lehulehu, i manaoio e mai ia Hitler e makau. January 30, 1930 he kaulana nationalist, ua hoonohoia luna'aha'ōlelo, - i ke poo o ke aupuni. He kokekau wale Hindenburg manao ka mea, ke mana i ka minion o ka pomaikai, akā, ka mea, ua hewa.

I ka mea, January 30, 1933 i ka hopena o ka kemokalaka Weimar Repubalika. Soon, i nā kānāwai "Ma pilikia mana" a me ka "Ma 'ohana ka palekana o ka People, a me ka State", i hoʻokumu i ka dictatorship o ka Apana Reich i ia. Ma 'Aukake 1934, ma hope o ka make ana o ka poe kahiko Hindenburg, Hitler lilo Fuhrer (alakaʻi) o Germany. NSDAP Ua hai aku ka mea wale nō loio aoao. I lawe i ka mooolelo o ka hou mōʻaukala haʻawina, Germany ma hope o ke Kaua Honua I hou ma luna o ka alanui o militarism. An nui hapa o ka ideology o ka hou moku'āina lilo revanchism. I luku mai ai i loko o ke kaua hope, hoomaka ae la na Kelemania e hoomakaukau ai no ka hookahe koko ana, a hiki aku weliweli.