Koko clots ma ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. Pulmonary embolism: mea, lalau mai, symptoms, hopena, lapaʻau

Life-na olelo hooweliweli e maʻi mea pulmonary embolism (PE). Mākou e kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka mea i hanaʻia i ke koko clots. Mawaena o na pathologies a pau o pulmonary embolism ua hookuu e makau 'ikepili helu. e hiki ke koko clots ma na maʻiʻaʻai ma kekahi manawa e aeie i ka artery. Eia naʻe, he pinepine ia mea ona. Kokoke i kekahi hapakolu o nā mea a pau e hoomanawanui i ulia make ia lŘlŘ like me ka hopena o blockage o ka pulmonary artery ma ke koko clot.

Ano o ka maʻi

PE mea,ʻaʻole he aupuni kūʻokoʻa maʻi. E like me ka inoa paipai, keia mea heʻilihune o ka thrombosis.

Koko clot, Nana ae la iluna, mai kona wahi o ka hoʻonaʻauao 'ana, laweia aku la oia ma ma ke koko nenoaiu. Pinepine, ke koko clots ana i loko o ka laloʻaoʻao. I kekahi manawa ia IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE i loko o ka naau pololei. A koko clot hele ma ka akau atrium, ventricle a me loko o ka pulmonary holo. Heʻoniʻoni i loko o ke kino hoʻokahi mahu artery me venous koko - akemāmā.

Apuni ka clot ua kapaʻia he embolus. He kome i na ia maʻiʻaʻai. Kēia mea he loa pilikia loa kaʻina. A koko clot i loko o nā maʻiʻaʻai koke aeie i ka artery lala. Mau moku i nui i loko o ka helu. Eia naʻe, i ko lakou anawaena emi. Once i loko o ka moku ma i ke koko clot hiki ole kekahi, ia ālai 'koko. I ka mea pinepine hiki aku ai i ka make.

Inā he hoomanawanui wawahi i ke koko clot i loko o ka akemāmā, na waiwai hilinaʻi ma luna o nā mea i huli mai e e puka liiiU moku. Embolus ma loko o ka maʻamau koko lako i na nā'aʻaʻa, a me ka manawa kūpono o ke kinoea, e loaa hou i ka pae ana o liʻiliʻi lālā, a nui arteries. Ke hoʻomanawanui ikeia hypoxia.

Ke oolea o ka maʻi

Koko clots ma ka akemāmā ia ho mai complications o physical maʻi ma hope o ka nahunahu hanau a me ka pae'ōnaehana ana. Make nei mai i kēia maʻi ka loa kiʻekiʻe. He ka 3rd alakai kumu o ka make, alua wale no mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko maʻi puʻuwai a me ka maʻi 'aʻai.

I kēia PE ua uluʻano nui ma luna o ke kāʻei kua o ka kēia mau kumumea:

• loa pathology;
• eiiieaenaʻoki kino;
• i ka eha.

I ka maʻi ua wehewehe aku ma ka loa, heʻano o disparate symptoms, pokole o kaʻike,, he pilikia kiʻekiʻe o ka palaho. 'Ikepili helu hōʻike, ma ke kumu o ke kia-mortem keia hookolokolo ana, koko clots ma na maʻiʻaʻai i i ole manaʻoi hoʻokoe' diagnosedʻaneʻane 50-80% o ka heluna kanaka i make ai ma muli o ke pulmonary embolism.

Ka maʻi ia lŘlŘ loa hikiwawe loa. Ia mea ke kumu ia mea nui e koke aku, a pololei diagnose abnormalities. Like pono me pono lapaʻau kanaka ola e hiki ke hoola.

Inā loaʻa i nā manaʻoi hoʻokoe 'ia akulla kekahi koko clot i loko o ka akemāmā, ke ola pakeneka ua nui mahuahua. Ka make ana i waena o nā mea maʻi i loaa i ka pono lapaʻau, mea e pili ana i 10%. Me kaʻike, a me ka nui kūpono lapaʻau, ka mea hiki 40-50%.

Nā kumu o ka maʻi

A koko clot i loko o nā maʻiʻaʻai, he Hawaii photo no i kahi i loko o kēia 'atikala i ka hopena o ka:

• hohonu aa koko thrombosis o ka laloʻaoʻao;
• i ke kahua o ke koko clot i loko o kekahi wahi o ka venous nenoaiu.

Loa i emi pinepine, keia pathology hiki ke IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE i loko o na aa koko o ka peritoneum, a keʻenaʻaoʻao.

'Ākena kumumea, A laila'ōlelo akula i ke kūpono 'ana o ke ahonui o ka pulmonary embolism i 3 triggering kulana. Ka mea, ua kapaia "ka triad o Virchow." Mau kumumea nā:

1. Hoemiia koko māmā holo i loko o ka venous nenoaiu. Stagnation i loko o nā ipu. Kali koko pele.
2. Ka mahuahua propensity e thrombosis. Gipersvertyvaemost koko.
3. Nā palapū a hanaʻino i ka venous pa.

Pela, loaʻa nō kekahi mau wahi, i hiki i ka hoʻonāukiukiʻana o ka ma luna aʻe, a ua 'akomi i like me ka hopena o clot i loko o ka akemāmā. Nā kumu i ke hūnāʻia ma lalo o ke kēia mau ana.

Ma ka meheu o ia o venous koko pele hiki ka hopena i loko:

• lōʻihi huakaʻi, hele, me ka hopena o ka a kekahi kanaka i no ka manawa lōʻihi, e noho ma luna o ka pelane, kaʻa, mau ukali;
• hospitalization ma a na koi moe koena no ka lōʻihi manawa.

Ma gipersvertyvaemosti koko hiki i:

• e uwahi ana;
• i ke ano o ka hanau ana huaale, estrogen;
• aaiaoe predisposition;
• oncology;
• polycythemia - he nui helu oʻulaʻula koko keena;
• ʻoki kino;
• hāpai keiki.

I ka venous pā eha alakai:

• hohonu aa koko thrombosis;
• wahi lulu wāwae nā palapū;
• ʻoki kino o ka lalo lala.

kamepiula kumumea

Lapaau i ka mea kēia predisposing kumumea ma i pinepine i loaʻa ka mea i kā mākou koko clot i loko o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. Ka hopena o ka maʻi i'āina pilikia loa. No ia mea, ia mea e pono nō ia e lohe i ke ola ana o kela poe kanaka, ka poe i ike i nā kumumea olelo ma lalo nei:

• hoemiia physical ha awina;
• makahiki no 50 makahiki;
• oncologic pathology;
• ʻoki kino;
• naau ole, myocardial;
• traumatic eha;
• varicose aa koko;
• hana o hormonal contraceptives;
• ka nahunahu hanau complications;
• erythremia;
• overweight;
• aaiaoe maʻi;
• systemic lupus erythematosus.

I kekahi manawa ka mea, hiki ke diagnosed koko clots ma na maʻiʻaʻai o na wahine ma hope o ka nahunahu hanau, o ka oi aku kaumaha poʻe. E like me ka rula, e like me ka moku'āina ua ma mua ma ke kahua o ka clot i loko o ka uha a bipi. Ka mea, ua iho manaʻo eha, kuni, redness a nani. About keia maʻi E e hoike i ke kauka koke, no laila, i ole e aggravate i ka maʻi kaʻina.

Ke ano symptoms

I mea e diagnose i kekahi koko clot i loko o ka maʻiʻaʻai, na symptoms o ka maʻi e e hala ole. It E e loa makaala me ka hiki ana o keia maʻi. Eia naʻe, no ka lapaʻau kiʻi o pulmonary embolism Ua like. Ua Ua nānā 'ia e ka oolea o ke pathology, uku o ka? Acaeoey a me ka loli ma pulmonary symptoms o ka nń ku maʻi hoʻonāukiuki ma keia complication.

Inā he mea he koko clot i loko o nā maʻiʻaʻai, symptoms (auhau) i loko o ka hoʻomanawanui i kēia:

1. Pokole o ka hanu, me ka ulia noʻaʻohe'ē aʻe kumu.
2. Aia ka he mahuahua i loko o ka naau i kela (no kekahi minuke o ka oi ma mua o 100 hahau ana).
3. Pale ili me ke ano oho tint.
4. Pain, 'ia i loko o nā wahi likeʻole o ka sternum.
5. Hoʻopōʻino na naau oʻu motility.
6. Oi hyperemia'ā'ī aa koko, a me ka poe plexus, nānāʻana aku i kā lākou bulging, i nanaia pulsation o ka aorta.
7. Ukiuki o peritoneum - he pā mea Makamae lawa, he meaʻeha i loko o ka'ōpū aloha.
8. Heart ohumu mai ai me.
9. ua hoemiia ikaika puʻe.

E hoomanawanui i ka poe i ike i ke koko clot i loko o ka akemāmā, ka luna symptoms i ike pono. Naʻe, i kekahi o kēia mau symptoms ua ole e pili ana i ka mea i ho'ākāka '.

Ma waho aʻeo ia ka nui 'ano, i ka i kēia Huipuia, e hoʻomōhala:

• kuni;
• puʻu i ke koko;
• maʻule hou ihola nō;
• eha ma ka sternum;
• ka luaʻi;
• kāʻili 'ana i ha awina;
• wai i loko o ka sternum;
• coma.

I ka papa o ka maʻi

Mai ka pathology pili ia i kekahi mea pepehi weliweli loa maʻi,ʻaʻole waho aʻeo ka make, e e noʻonoʻo i oi au mamuli i kupu mai symptoms.

Initially, i ke ahonui e hoʻomōhala ana i pokole o ka hanu. Kona hanana ua i mua ia e kekahi hoailona. Ke kumu no ka hoike ana o ka iini symptoms i loa kahi e. Pokole o ka hanu akaka ma ka Exhale. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma ka noho malie kani, i ukali ia e ka rustling malu ai. Naʻe, ka mea, he mau manawa.

Ma waho ia, PE ua pu e hoomahuahua ia ka naau kōmi. 'Enehana hou mai luna 100 kui iho oe a no minuke.

Ka hiki pono o ka pahikaua emi ana i loko o ke koko,. Ke degere o ka ho'ēmiʻana o kēia 'inideka mea inversely hapaʻauhau i ka oolea o ka maʻi. I ka lalo puʻe kulu, na lesions oi koʻikoʻi hoʻonāukiuki PE.

Pain hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka oolea o ka mai, a me ka nui o ka pōʻino, ua make vascular kāna hana pae 'ia i loko o ke kino:

1. Pain ma hope o ka breastbone, a ua loaa he pahi, discontinuous külana. Kēia discomfort Ua wehewehe aku artery blockage. Ka ehaeha hualoaʻa mai nā aʻalolo mīkini'opihia o ka moku paia.
2. Stenokardicheskie discomfort. Pain ua compressing külana. Aia i loko o ka'āina o ka naau. Pinepine i hāʻawi mai ai i ka poohiwi maka, kahiko.
3. Ola discomfort i loko o ka pau sternum. Kēia pathology hiki i emi iho complication - pulmonary infarction. Ke discomfort Ua nui hoʻokāʻoi 'ia kekahi neʻe - hohonu hanu, me ka puʻu, kiheʻana.
4. Pain ma lalo o na iwi aoao ma ka akau. Nui e emi discomfort hiki ana ma ke akepaʻa wahi, ina o ka hoʻomanawanui i koko clots i loko o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai.

lawa koko ike i loko o ka ipu. Ua hiki hoʻonāukiuki i ka hoʻomanawanui.

• ola hiccups;
• hoʻopilikia i loko o ka abdominal paia;
• paresis o ka naʻau liʻiliʻi;
• bulging o na aa koko nui ma ka ai a me ka wāwae.

Ka ili 'ilikai i ka haikea waihoʻoluʻu. Pinepine hoʻomōhala ashy poʻo a me ke kai. A laila, hiki mai ka hui ana uliuli lehelehe. Ka hope hiʻona paipai i ka papakaukau embolism.

I kekahi manawa, i ka hoʻomanawanui ke lohe i ke ano naau ohumu, arrhythmia ua 'akomi i. Ma ka hihia o pulmonary infarction Mei hemoptysis, hui me kaʻoiʻeha i loko o ka pahu, a me ka wela i lawa ke kiekie. Hyperthermia kānāwai no kekahi mau lā a me kekahi manawa i ka pule a me ka hapalua.

Ma nā mea maʻi i loko ona thrombus i loko o ka maʻiʻaʻai, hiki e malama aʻe 'ana o ka lolo holo. Mau nā mea maʻi pinepine i hiki mai:

• maʻule hou ihola nō;
• convulsions;
• pōniuniu;
• coma;
• hiccups.

I kekahi manawa, i ho'ākāka 'ia symptoms ke hui na hoailona o kaʻaʻa puʻuwai ole, huʻi palapala.

complications o pulmonary embolism

He loa pilikia pathologies ma i IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE koko clot i loko o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. Nā hopena no ka kino hiki ke e lauwili. Ua hoʻoholo i ka papa o complications o ka maʻi, i ka pono a me ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ke ola o ka hoʻomanawanui.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE hopena o PE e:

1. Chronically ke kiekie puʻe i loko o nā ipu pulmonary.
2. Pulmonary infarction.
3. Paradoxical embolism i loko o nā ipu o ka p ÷ ai nui.

Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole nā mea a pau i kaumaha, ina manaʻoi hoʻokoe 'diagnosed koko clots i loko o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. Ei i kaulana ma luna, ka mea e maikaʻi, ina e loaa i ka hoʻomanawanui i nā pono lapaʻau. Ma keia hihia, ke hiki ole mea kiʻekiʻe, e kń i ka pilikia o kaʻawaʻawa loa hopena.

Ma lalo nō o ka papa kuhikuhiE maʻi i kauka diagnosed like me ka hopena o complications o pulmonary embolism:

• pleurisy;
• pulmonary infarction;
• pneumonia;
• empyema;
• akemāmā abscess;
• ʻaʻa puʻuwai ole;
• pneumothorax.

recurrent pulmonary embolism

Kēia pathology mea hiki mau manawa e e hai hou i loko o nā mea maʻi ma ke ola. Ma keia hihia, ia mea heʻano o recurrent thromboembolism. Kahi o 10-30% o ka hoʻomanawanuiʻana ma hope o kekahi i ka maʻi, prone i recurrent Episode o pulmonary embolism. Kekahi hoomanawanui i e ka nui o okoa ho'āhewa wale. Ma awelika, kā lākou helu loli aʻe mai ka 2 a hiki i 20. He nui na E neʻe i pathology Episode ho blockage o liʻiliʻi lālā. Hope keia pathology hiki aku ai i ka nui artery embolization. Ua i hana i ka nunui pulmonary embolism.

Nā kumu o ka recurrent pepa hiki e:

• maʻi maʻi o ka ÷ naehana hanu a me ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko nenoai;
• oncologic maʻi;
• ʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau 'uao i loko o ka abdominal wahi.

Kēia palapala, aole akaka lapaʻau hoailona. Ua Ua wehewehe aku ma blurred no. Pono diagnose i kēiaʻano mea loa paʻakikī. Pinepine unexpressed symptoms kuhihewa no symptoms o'ē aʻe ka maʻi.

Recurrent pulmonary embolism hiki ana i ke ana ma lalo nei:

• paakiki pneumonia, hang nei noʻaʻohe'ē aʻe kumu;
• maʻule hou ihola nō;
• pleurisy 'ia no kekahi mau lā;
• asthma;
• mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko'opi;
• pokole o ka hanu;
• mahuahua naau kōmi;
• wela, 'aʻole e hoʻopau i ka antibacterial ai';
• naau ole, maʻi maʻi i loko o ka wa e kaawale aku o ka akemāmā a me ka naau.

I ka maʻi ke alakai i ka i kēia complications:

• emphysema ;
• pulmonary fibrosis - akemāmā'aʻaʻa UAIAaIN e connective;
• naau ole;
• pulmonary hypertension.

Recurrent pulmonary embolism ka mea, no kekahi hope Episode hiki ka hopena i loko o ka make.

ʻike, o ka maʻi

Ka luna symptoms, e like me ua oleloia, mea i maopopo. No laila, ma muli o kēia mau hoailona hiki ole ke diagnosed. Naʻe, i ka wa a ko poʻo, pono hoike ano symptom 4:

• pokole o ka hanu;
• tachycardia - mahuahua naau kōmi;
• umauma eha;
• pokole o ka hanu.

Inā ka hoʻomanawanui i hoailona ole o ka eha, a laila,ʻo iaʻaʻohe thromboembolism.

Akā, i na mea a pau ka ai maʻalahi. pathologyʻike, mea paʻakikī loa. Ia e kēia PE e kālailai i ka manawa kūpono o ka ulu i ka maʻi. No laila, i ke kauka initially kokoke noonoo ana i ka mea e hiki kamepiula kumumea: ke alo aku o ka naau kaua, thrombosis,ʻoki kino. Ua apono 'oe e hoʻoholo i ke kumu o ka maʻi, i ka wahi mai a ka clot i loko o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai.

OAXA ana no i ka ka loaʻaʻana a me ka loa o pulmonary embolism i ke kēia haʻawina:

1. ECG. Loa informative hana o kaʻike,. Electrocardiogram haawi i ka manaʻo o ka degere o ka maʻi oolea. Inā e hui pu iho la keia 'ike me ka mōʻaukala o ka maʻi, pulmonary embolism diagnosed me kiʻekiʻe miomio.
2. X-Ray. Kēia like no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o PEʻike, Ua uninformative. Naʻe, ka mea i hiki ke hoomaopopo i ka maʻi, mai nui no hoi na pathologies mea i like symptoms. No ka laʻana, ma lobar pneumonia, pleurisy, pneumothorax, aortic aneurysm, pericarditis.
3. Echocardiography. Ka like hōʻike i ka kūlike loa wahi o ka thrombus, palapala, nui, ka leo.
4. Akemāmā scintigraphy. Kēia papa hana i hāʻawi mai i ke kauka o ka 'kiʻi' o nā ipu pulmonary. Ua maopopo ia wahi o ko lakou kupikipikio koko holo. Akā, e hōʻike i ka wahi kahi IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE clots i loko o nā maʻiʻaʻai, he mea hiki ole. Ke kuka nei lakou i ke kiʻekiʻe PalekanaEND_LINK cia wale ka wā nui vascular pathology. E kuhikuhi i pilikia ma ka liʻiliʻi lālā me ke kōkua o kēia iaoia ole i ke Akua.
5. Ultrasonography o ka'ūhā aa koko.

Inā pono, i ka hoʻomanawanui hiki ke hāʻawi i nā ano o ka noiʻi.

ka manaʻo kōkua

E hoʻomanaʻoʻoukou, inā e hele aku i ke koko clot i loko o nā maʻiʻaʻai, symptoms o ka hoʻomanawanui i hoʻomōhala i ka uila holo. A e like me koke alakai i ka make. Nolaila, ina he mea hoike no pulmonary embolism E e hāʻawi ai i ka hoʻomanawanui i koena a koke kapa aku i ka cardiology "ambulance." Ke hoomanawanui Ua hoʻokomo i ka mālama nui malama pa alima.

Pilikia mālama ua ma muli o ka i kēia hanana:

1. Pilikia kikowaena aa koko catheter, a komo lāʻau "Reopoligljukin" a monakō koko-novocaine ukuhiia.
2. Lawelawe intravenously lawelawe ai ', "Heparin", "dalteparin", "Enoxaparin".
3. Ola ai eliminated narcotic analgesics, e like me "Promedol," "Fentanyl", "Morin," "Leksir", "Droperidol".
4. Ka oxygen Inc.
5. Ke hoomanawanui Ua lawelawe thrombolytics: o ia hoʻi, "Streptokinase", "Urokinase".
6. Ma na hihia o ka arrhythmia pili kēia mau ai ': "makanekiuma sulufahate", "Digoxin", "ATP", "Ramipril", "Panangin".
7. Inā he hoomanawanui ua lawelawe i ka kŰia naoh no ka mea, "Prednisolone" a me "Hydrocortisone", a me antispasmodics, "ole-ma Silo", "Eufillin", "papaverine".

Aoao, e hana me PE

Resuscitation hiki e hoihoi koko ana i na ia maʻiʻaʻai, e pale aku i ke kūpono 'ana o ke sepsis i loko o ka hoomanawanui, e like me ka hoʻopale' ku i ke kahua o pulmonary hypertension.

Eia naʻe, ma hope o mua kōkua i ka hoomanawanui ma ka pono o ka hoʻomau lapaau. Kaua pathology ua nona i pale i ke recurrence o ka maʻi, piha resorption o ke koko clot.

I ka lā, loaʻa nō na aoao elua, e lawe aku oe i ke koko clots i loko o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. Nā Papahana O Ka lapaau ana o na kēia mau pathologies:

• thrombolytic Inc;
• ʻoki kino.

thrombolytic Inc

Lāʻau lapaʻau ua nānā 'ana ma luna o na laau e like me:

• "Heparin";
• "Streptokinase";
• "Fraksiparin";
• 'aʻaʻa plasminogen activator;
• "Urokinase."

Ia ai 'ke hoike mai i ke koko clots, a pale aku i ke kahua o ka hou clots.

Ka lāʻau "Heparin" lawelawe i ka hoʻomanawanui intravenously ma 7-10 lā. Ma keia pono kekahi lāʻau 'kiko'î o ke koko clotting. No ka 3-7 lā ma mua i ka lapaau i ka hoʻomanawanui i lawelawe kekahi o na kēia mau ai 'ma ka papa palapala:

• "Warfarin";
• "Trombostop";
• "Cardiomagnyl";
• "Thrombotic ACC."

Hooponopono ana o ke koko clotting mau. E loaa ana ka paha mau papa (ma hope e loaa ana i ka pulmonary embolism) e pili ana 1 makahiki.

Lapaʻauʻia "Urokinase", "streptokinase" lawelawe intravenously i ka lā. Kēia manipulation Ua hai 1 manawa no ka malama. Intravenous pono a me ka'aʻaʻa plasminogen activator. Ka hookahi mahele lāʻau e e lawelawe ma kekahi mau hola.

ua i lawe mai Thrombolytic Inc ma hope oʻoki kino. ka mea, ua i papa ia i loko o ka hihia o pathologies, i hiki ke huikau e kahe ana ke koko. No ka laʻana, peptic ulcer. No ka mea, thrombolytic ai 'ke hoʻonui i ka pilikia o ke kahe ana ke koko.

ʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau lapaʻau

Oia ka ninau ua hoala wale i loko o ke pio ana o kekahi wahi nui. Ma keia hihia, e pono koke wehe IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE koko clot i loko o ka ia maʻiʻaʻai. Lapaau ana i ka eia ua pono. Special lako a ua wehe 'ia mai ka moku thrombus. Kēia hana e leie aku e hoʻopau i keʻakeʻa nei i ke koko alanui.

Complexʻoki lāʻau lapaʻau 'uao Ua hana ina nui na lala a puka liiiU artery kumu. Ma keia hihia ia mea pono e hoihoi koko ma aneane nā wahi o ke akemāmā.

Kāohiʻana o pulmonary embolism

thromboembolism maʻi i ka welelau o ka recurrent papa. Nolaila, ia mea nui ia e hoopoina e pili ana i ka hana kāohi ana i ke hoomalu aku i ka recurrence o ka loa a me ka hooweliweli ana ia pathology.

Oia ana e loa nui ia i kanaka me ka pilikia kiʻekiʻe o ka ulu i kēia maʻi. Kēia waeʻano nā kānaka:

• mua o 40 makahiki;
• Hahau ana a me ka naau hoouka;
• me overweight;
• i maupaʻa Episode mōʻaukala o ka hohonu aa koko thrombosis a pulmonary embolism;
• undergoneʻoki kino ma luna o ka pahu, wāwae, pelvic nā loko, i ka'ōpū.

Kāohi nā loa nui 'ana:

1. Ultrasonography o ka'ūhā aa koko.
2. Maʻamau lawelawe ma lalo o kaʻili hoomakaukau "Heparin", "Fraksiparin" a me ka lapaʻauʻia injected i loko o ka aa koko "Reopoligljukin".
3. Superimposition o pilipaa lole wili ma kona mau wawae.
4. 'ōpā kūikawā cuffs aa koko bipi.
5. E hīkiʻi ana wāwae nui aa koko.
6. Implantation o vena cava kānana.

Ka hope iaoiaeii mea he Kāohi maikaʻi o ka thromboembolism. heʻano o ka cava kānana i papahana i keia la:

• "Mobin-Uddin";
• "Gunther Tulip";
• "Greenfield";
• "Hourglass".

I ka Ia manawa, e hoomanao i kēiaʻano papa hana ka loa paʻakikī, e hookupaa ai. I ka pololei ole cava Kānana i lilo wale ike loea Kāohiʻana, akā, ua hiki no ia i ka hua o ka pilikia thrombosis ho okumu a me ka mahope? Acaeoey o pulmonary embolism. No laila, i kēia hana e wale nō, e hanaʻia i loko o pono-e iai? Oaiaaiiua ola oaio, wale nō ma ka palapala hōʻoia no technician.