Kotelnikov Gleb Evgenevich - ka inventor o ka parachute: Kawaihae, mōʻaukala o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole

Kekahi o ka mea nui maunakea hana - parachute - hele aku la i ka manao paa a me ka hooikaika ana o ka pono i kekahi kanaka - ke akamai-aʻo aku Gleb Kotelnikov. He ole wale, ua i ka hoʻoponopono i ka hailona o ka loa huikau no kona manawa, oaoieei-pilikia, akā, i ka manawa lōʻihi, e kū ai i ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka nuipa a? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka hoʻopakeleʻana AEeAaOA.

i kakahiaka nui makahiki

I ka wā e hiki mai inventor o ka parachute Gleb Kotelnikov i hanau 18 (30) January 1872 ma St. Petersburg. Kona makua kāne i ke Kumu o ka Balanced ma Moscow University. Ka a pau ohana Ua leʻaleʻa o ke akamai: music, pena a me ka hana keaka. Ka hale ua pinepine o ke kahua aeoaeuneiai hana. Ia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau i ka mea, i ole paa i ka parachute inventor me he keiki moe o ke kahua.

Ke keiki pâʻani pono ma luna o ka hoʻokani piano, a me nā mea kani (balalaika, mandolin, violin). I ka mea ia manawa, i kēia mau kuko i ole ālai ia 'aʻe me Gleb hākilo hoihoi i loko o keʻano hana. Mai hanau loaa ke gula lima,ʻo ia mau mea i ka hana a me kaʻohiʻana (no ka laʻana, i loko o 13 makahiki ia e hoʻokele i ka houluulu i kekahi hana pahupaʻiwikiō).

'oihana p

Wā e hiki mai, a ianoiyuaa a koho i ka inventor o ka parachute e e hooponoponoia ia mea, ma hope o kaʻohana pōʻino. Makua make prematurely Gleb a i kana keiki, e haʻalele i ka moe ana o ka conservatory. He hele aku la i ka Kiev mea kaua ma Kula. puka 'o ia ke kanaka opiopio me ka hanohano i ka 1894, a pela i lilo ai i luna. Kēia i hahai ma makahiki ekolu o ka hana i loko o ke kaua. Ma hope o kona hoʻomaha loa, Kotelnikov lilo i luna i loko o ka moku'āina excise Oihana. I ka 1899, oia mare i kona wā kamaliʻi loira Yulii Volkovoy.

I ka 1910 i ka 'ohana a me na keiki ekolu hoʻoneʻe i St. Petersburg. I ke poʻo, i ka wā e hiki mai inventor o ka parachute lilo i Mea Keaka ma ka People ka House, i hiki i ke kahua pseudonym Glebov-Kotelnikov. St. Petersburg haawi aku la ia hou kūpono a me ka inventive Loaʻaʻia e hoʻokō. All mua makahiki nugget Hoomau iho la lakou me ka hana ma ka aeoaeuneiai pae.

Hobby mokulele

I ke kakahiaka nui XX kenekulia ka hooulu ana o ka maunakea. Ma na Lūkini kulanakauhale, a me St. Petersburg, i ua mālama '÷ de, a vividly ka lehulehu hoihoi. It pela lilo ike me ka maunakea, a me ka wā e hiki mai inventor o ka parachute backpack Gleb Kotelnikov. I ka wa e ola indifferent keʻano hana, ia i hiki ole ignite pono i loko o ka mokulele.

By coincidence, Kotelnikov lilo i unwitting hoike no ka make ana o ke kahu moku mua i loko o ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini maunakea. I loko o ka ÷ holo ke kahu moku Matsievich haule iho la i ka noho, a make iho la, pohā nui ma ka honua. E hahai ana ia ia i ka primitive, a i lolelua ka mokulele.

Ke kupono o ka parachute

Ka hewa ke komo pū Matsievich ua he Logical no o ke ahiahi ma ka loa mua mahuka o ka mokulele kiko'ī. Inā hele aku la kekahi kanaka i loko o ka lewa, e kau iho i ua lü i kona ola. Keia pilikia ua kaua kipi a hiki mua o ka mokulele. Ma ka XIX kenekulia ma ka like unresolved waiho wale aku no balloons. Ina o ke ahi kanaka i trapped. Lakou hiki i haʻalele i ke kaa ma ka pilikia.

Keia hihia e hiki ke wehe pilikia wale i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka parachute. Nā hoʻokolohua mua i lawe mai ai no kona? Iecaianoaaiiuo i loko o ke Komohana. Eia naʻe, no ka pilikia i loko o hua'ōlelo o oaoieei-ano ua lilo ka paʻakikī manawa no ia. Over na makahiki, maunakea headway. Hikiʻole i ka i ola-e hoola i kumu hoʻomalu pailota seriously hampered ke kūpono 'ana o ka holoʻokoʻa aeronautics oihana puolo. Ua hele aku la,ʻAʻole eʻole wale daredevils.

Hana ma luna o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole

Ma hope o ka lono kaumaha Episode i loko o ka h ÷ ike de o Gleb Kotelnikov (i ka mea nana i invented ka parachute), huli aʻela ia i kona keʻena i loko o ka piha Workshop. Akamai i pulakaumaka no ia me ka manao e hana i kekahi hoʻopakele kaa i makemake kōkua pailota e ola mahope aku o ka pelane kui. Ka loa kahaha ko oukou naau i ua aeoaeuneiai Mea Keaka hoʻomaka wale no ka mea oaoieei-pilikia ma a no na makahiki ma ka makehewa kaua nui akamai mai a puni ka honua.

A pau i ka ho okolohua ka inventor o ka parachute Kotelnikov lawelawe 'ia ma kona mau lilo. Kālā ua pilipaa, pinepine i e skimp ma luna o nā lāliʻi. Nā kope o ka ola o kana oihana i hāʻule mai ka lupe a me St. Petersburg hale. Boilermakers la he noae o puke ma luna o ka mōʻaukala o ka lele ana. O ka hoao ana i wahi kekahi ma hope o ka 'ē aʻe. Ke kiʻekiʻe, ka mea inventor hele mai i ka maikaʻi loa hoʻonohonohoʻia o ka wā e hiki mai hoʻopakele kālā. Ua Ua manao ia e kekahi mau nō a me ka Lightweight parachute. I ka poe liilii, a me ka uē helu,ʻo ia hiki mau ia me ke kanaka, a kōkua mai ma ka noho pilikia loa koke.

E noa ka nīnūnē

E ho ohana i imperfectly parachute manao ua fraught me kekahi mau mea hewa. Ka mea mua o ka maoli ua lele akula nō i mua, ka mea i kali i ka ke kahu moku, i Dome ke kaikoeke. No ia mea, Gleb Kotelnikov (i ka mea nana i invented ka parachute) hoolilo nui manawa i ka manao o ka wehe 'nenoaiu. ka mea, he la no hoi kekahi mau manawa, e 'oiaʻiʻo ma loko IeIIeYOA. Inā 'oe ke hoʻohana i ka hewa manao ola o kana oihana kanaka hiki randomly ka ao ka i loko o ka lewa.

Kona mua kükohu mokulele backpack parachute inventor kulana kupono ma dolls, mannequins. E like me ka mea hoʻohana silika lole. I mea i keia mea ke i ka palekana wikiwiki lakou ma ke kanaka ma ka honua, ka mea i mai ma kahi o 50 kapuaʻi kuea mau mika o ka lole. First Kotelnikov pelupelu ia parachute i loko o ka headgear, akā, ka mea paha e pono nui silika. Ua hele mai nā inventors me ka palapala kākoʻo pāʻoihana no keia pilikia.

I ka manaʻo o ka backpack

Paha makemake e kekahi i ka inoa o ka inventor o ka parachute ina Gleb Kotelnikov i ole manaʻo e hoʻoponopono i ka pilikia o ke pelu ana i ka parachute me ke kupaianaha backpack. I mea e pono ma o kona mea i hele mai me ka palapala unuhi a me ka pohihihi loa ana hana. Eia hoi, ke inventor hoʻomaka e hana i ka prototype mua. Ma keia hihia i ka wahine, i kokua mai ia ia.

Soon, oia ua makaukau ia RC-1 (Russian - Kotelnikovsky). Loko o ka backpack ua he kūikawā metala holopapa a me nā'ōwili hao lalo. Boilermakers i 'ole ia i ka mea hiki ke wehe i ka hikiwawe e loaa. No keia kahu moku, pono wale e huki i ka kūikawā kaula. I ka wai i loko o ka backpack hamama Dome a me ka haule lilo smoother.

hoʻopau pā ai

Ke parachute ninoieo o 24 canvases. Ma ka mea a pau Dome hele maa, a i pili i ka pale kaula. Ka mea, hoopaaia lakou makau i ka lalo, pohole ia e kekahi kanaka. Ua ua he kakini o ka pūhaka, a me ka'ūhā mua umauma kaula. Aia ua hoʻi i hoʻomākaukau i ka puka lou no na wawae. parachute na mea maalea, e leie aku i ka ke kahu moku, a hiki i ka pāʻana ia ma ke kaolo o ka honua.

Ka wā e lilo i mea akaka i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole e e ka Hopu ma ka maunakea, Kotelnikov hoohihiaia e pili ana i kope. He i ole i ka iaoaioa, a, no laila, i kekahi malihini i ike i ka parachute ma ka hana, a me nā loina o kona functioning maopopo, ke aihue i ka manaʻo. Mau mea e hopohopo nei alakai Gleb Paton E neʻe i kā lākou ikea ai i ka makapo Novgorod wahi i ao aku i na keiki a ka inventor. I ka mea makemake e ikea ka mana hope o ka hou hoʻopakele kaa.

Ke paio no ka iaoaioa

Ke kupaianaha moʻolelo o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o ka parachute hoomauia August 10, 1911, ka wā Kotelnikov i kākau i ka piha palapala i ke Kuhina o ke Kaua. He hōʻike i au mamuli o ka oaoieei-ano o ka hou 'ikamu, a wehewehe i ka nui o kona manaʻo i loko o ka poe koa, a me ka kivila maunakea. Aia hoʻi, wale i ka helu o ka mokulele, a mahuahua nui, a me ka mea, ua hooweliweli ma ka hou makeʻana o nā koa poʻe hoʻoholo moku.

Naʻe, ka mea mua Nyquist palapala ho'āpono nalowale. Ua Ua lilo akaka manawa i ka inventor e i, e hana me ka weliweli ulaula leki. Hoomaka ae la oia e pester i ka War Office a me nā kauoha. E ho'ōla Gleb E. lua i loko o ke Komite o ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole. Eia naʻe, functionaries o keia oihana i haalele ai i ka manaʻo o ka poʻe akamai. Ka mea, hōʻole, e haawi aku i ka iaoaioa, e noonoo pono i ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole lapuwale.

iaia

Ma hope o ka ole ma ka hale Kotelnikov ua i kūhelu kakau o kona hana mea hou i hana muaʻole ma Farani. Ka lōʻihi-kakali hanana i wahi March 20, 1912. A lailaʻo ia e hoʻokele e hoonohonoho i mau hōʻike, i i mālamaʻia pailota a me nā mea komo i loko o ka opiopio Lūkini maunakea. Aku lakou i hele June 6, 1912 i loko o ka kauhale o Salyuzi kokoke St. Petersburg. Ma hope iho o ka make ana o Gleb Paton i kēia kūlanakauhale i Kapa hou i ke Kotelnikovo.

June kakahiaka ma ke alo o ka naau lehulehu kahu moku, hoʻonui oki i ka pau ana o ka loop, a hoomaka ae la i ka pela hoʻomaʻamaʻa mannequin e haule i ka honua. Ke anaina e nānā i ka hana ma loko o ka lewa me ke kōkua o nā binoculars. Ma hope o kekahi mau kekona i keʻano papa hana hana, a ma ka lewa haule hamama Dome. Ma ia lā, aohe makani, i ua kumu mannequin pae pono aku la ma kona mau wawae, a kū ma laila no kekahi mau kekona, haule iho la. Ma hope iho o kēia lehulehu ho'āʻo holoʻokoʻa honua aʻo i ka inventor o maunakea backpack parachute.

Mass? Iecaianoaaiiuo o parachutes

First moʻo? Iecaianoaaiiuo o RC-1 hoomaka ma Farani i ka 1913. Koi no ka parachutes mahuahua ma ke kauoha hope koke o ka First World War. Ke Lūkini hoʻopakele He poho i pono ai no ka mokulele pailota "Ilya Muromets". A laila, no ka mea, he nui na makahiki Caeiiiaaoaeunoaa?-1 noho paʻa mau i loko o ka Soviet Air Max.

I ka wā o ka Bolshevik Aupuni Kotel'nikov hoomau iho la oia e komo i loko o ka hoʻololi 'ana i kona kikokikona hana mea hou i hana muaʻole. He ua hana ia me Zhukovsky, kaʻana like kā lākou mau aerodynamic keʻena hoʻokolohua. Inā pilikia ka haumāna ua lele komo me parachutes ho'āʻo Ke Ana Hoʻohālike ua lilo he nui hoikeia - ka mea, hoike no ka nui helu o nā kanaka mākaʻikaʻi. I ka 1923, ua he kumu hoʻohālike RC-2. Gleb Kotelnikov ua lako ia me ka kalaka nui-pahee satchel. Kēia Ua hahai kekahi mau ka hoʻololi 'ana. Parachutes lilo oi pono a me ka mea hiki.

Ka poʻe me kona inventive haʻawina Kotelnikov pau i ou wahi lihi iki o ka manawa kōkua i ka lele laau palau. He haʻi'ōlelo, ua he malihini hookipa ana i loko o nā haʻuki kaiaulu. I 55 makahiki o ka makahiki aie i ka inventor wawahiia ho okolohua. A pau o kona hoʻoilina ia i haawi aku ai i ka Soviet moku'āina. No ka lehulehu e piʻi like i i hookoia Nyquist i ka Papa Hanohano o ke Red Star.

Ua hoʻomaha loa, Kotel'nikov hoʻomau e noho ana ma ka'ākau kulanakauhale alii. kakau iho la oia i nā puke a me nā puke. A lohe o World War II, i lilo ai, he kūpuna a me iki ike ana Gleb E., nae, i loko o ka hoʻolālā o ka lewa pale o Leningrad kaʻeleu loa. Blockade hooilo a me ka wi i hana i ka nui loa i kona ola. Nyquist Ua evacuated i Moscow, kahi i make aiʻo ia ma luna o November 22, makahiki 1944. Famous inventor Ua kanuʻiaʻo ia ma Novodevichy pā ilina.