Laulā-E haʻalele nō i nahele: hiʻona, kokua ia, mea kanu a me nā holoholona

Ke oo? O deciduous ululāʻau ua aia ma luna o ka mokuna o Manchuria, Aole loa Hikina, i loko o ka pakiko ciia o 'Eulopa, hikina China, North America. ia no hoi e loli ai ka hema hapa o South America a me kekahi māhele o Central Asia.

Laulā-E haʻalele nō i nahele e, he pono ole loa kahi alii i ka mahana ke aniau, a me ka lākiō o ka wela a me ka ona mau - i ka maikaʻi. Kēia i nā 'ano kūpono i ka ulu wa pono. Haumana papa ma ka ulu lāʻau, aia nō akea, ma keia hope aku i ka inoa o ka ululaau. He aha nā hiʻona i hōʻike maoli wahi? Laulā-E haʻalele nō i ka ululāʻau i ka home i na holoholona, mea kolo, a me nā manu, nā mea kolo.

ano hiʻona

No broadleaf ululāʻau moe i loko o ka mea e mau okoa tiers hiki ke hōʻike 'ia ma ia mau mea. Kekahi o ia mau mea - ke kiekie, ka mea'ē aʻe - lalo. Mau nahele laau uuku, weuweu ulu i loaʻa i loko o ekolu tiers, ua poe aina uhi ma lichens a me mosses.

Kekahi hiʻona o ka malamalama? Eia. Ma kēia mau ululaau hoʻokuʻu mau mālamalama i kā mākou. Mua mālama i loko o ka makahiki hou, i ka wa a ka lāʻau aole nae e i uhi ma foliage. Ka lua - ma o ka haule ana i ka wa a ka foliage'ōpuʻu hou. Summer malamalama anal i ka palena haʻahaʻa. Luna aaeei wehewehe i nā hiʻona o ka mauu uhi.

Lepo broadleaf nahele waiwai i loko o ke aloha a me ka mea pōhaku i huiʻia. Ka mea, i ka hopena o ka decomposition o ke kanu litter. Laau deciduous ululāʻau loaʻa lehu. Oi loa aku hoi i ka hailonaʻana no ka mea, i loko o ka lau - ma kahi o elima pakeneka. Ka lehu, ma ka huli, ka waiwai ma ka kalipuna (he iwakalua hapahaneri o ka huina). Ma kona haku mele 'ana i ka loaʻa o potasiuma (ka hola elua pakeneka) a me ka silikone (i ka ekolu hapahaneri).

Laau deciduous nahele

Scaffolding o kēiaʻano i wehewehe aku ma ka waiwaiʻano o ka laau? Ueo. Hope oe e hiki ke helu e pili ana i ke kakini. Laulā-E haʻalele nō i ululaau o ke taiga, no kekahi laʻana, i ole pela waiwai i loko o keia pili ana. Ke kumu o ia ka hoʻohalahala aniau o ka taiga mea,ʻaʻole like hiʻona i ka ulu a me ka hoʻomohala o na flora. He nui koi haku mele 'ana o ka aina a me ka aniau o ka laau? Ueo e ole ola ma lalo o adverse ana.

Ma ka hema o ka Tula māhele mea kaulana nahele. He hāʻawi i ka manaʻo nui o ka mea paha e ka laulā-E haʻalele nō i ululaau. Ka aina o keia wahi mea maikaʻi no ka ulu ana o na laau like petiolate oka, uuku-E haʻalele nō i Lime, aquifolium a me ka mahinaʻai Maple, e like me ka lehu, elm, elm, na ohia a me ka ohia. Laau oka a me ka lehu kiekie loa, hahai aquifolium Maple, elms a me linden. Hiki ilalo lilo i - kahua maple, hihiu laau ohia a me ka ohia. E like me ka rula, o ka Hoʻohaku kulana ua noho ma ka lāʻauʻoka, a me na laau a hana e like ukali.

E mākou noʻonoʻo i nui au mamuli o ka luna-i oleloia laʻelaʻe 'ia dendroflora.

1. Oak. 'O kēia ka papa kuhikuhiE kukui coniferous laulā-E haʻalele nō i ka ululāʻau ma ka Europa ?? eoi?. English lāʻauʻoka - kekahi o ka loa dolgorastuschih, a nui na laau. Ua Ua loaʻa ma luna o kekahi mau mea e kukaʻi i loko o hoʻokahi pae aku i uka. Me ka hiki, e tolerate pahi Oak hiki paha nani tapeworms me spherical, obovate, shatrovidnymi kalaunu shape.
2. Elm. i loaʻa malimali a me ka apuupuu laha 'i loko o na ululaau o ka ole-ʻeleʻele pāhili. Mau laau nui lakou overriding pae coniferous a me deciduous ululaau. Mua hoʻomano hoʻohana no ka landscaping, akā, i loko o nā makahiki i kēia au i ua hoʻemi ma muli o ai i ka laha ana o ka mai, e like me ka Hōlani maʻi o ka elm.
3. Europa lehu. Ke kanu kīnā kanakolu a kanaha mau mika i loko o kona kiʻekiʻe. No keia laau ua wehewehe aku ma ka 'ano pololei kumu, o ka wauke mea malamalama oho (me ka manawa e loaʻa pouli), moe kolohe openwork kona pāpale aliʻi, e hala he hailona o Map. Ka mole'ōnaehana i ka loa nui, ikaika, anuanu nā'ōpuʻu a me ka pūlumi. Ka hanohano nō hoʻi hiʻona - kiʻekiʻe e koi ma o ka haku mele 'ana o ka lepo. Europa ka lehu mea he nui? Ueo? Aneii kahua-aiiay. Kēia wela a me ka photophilous mea kanu, ulu aiʻaihueʻia hāpai hewa. Flowering ka lehu i wahi i loko o Mei, i ka pollination kaʻina ua hanaʻia e ka makani. maturation manawa o ka hua - October-November. Ka mea, e haule iho a me ka hooilo, a me ka wanaʻao luawai.
4. Beech Forest. Hoomau ana i ka hoolilo ana o i laau ulu i loko o deciduous nahele,ʻaʻole e hōʻike ia. Ua hiki he kanaha mika kiʻekiʻe, a hoʻokahi, a me ka hapalua mika i loko o ke anawaena. Beech wauke mea malamalama poohina, elliptical lau. ka nui hoi o ka makana mau mea - komohana o 'Eulopa, i ka Caucasus, ka Crimea. Home waiwai o beech nahele o kona hua. Nutritious kukui oo ai ma September-October. Ka mea, aneane kanakolu pakeneka semidrying komo o ka momoma kaʻaila, i ka ua nui - o nitrogenous waiwai. Waiwai ka hua o kekahi waiwai ma ka pia, pulapula o ke, nāʻakika (citric a me ka malic), tannins. Interestingly, ka niho alkaloid kapa fagin mālama i ka wā pūlehu lākou i hua pisetakia, e decompose. No laila, e lilo loa palekana no kanaka ola. Mai hua paka he kope ae pani, ma ka honua palapala, ka mea, e hoʻokomo ana i kaʻike mau palaoa i loko o ka makaukau o ka Hale Puhi Palaoa huahana. Beech laau ka nani a me ka mau nō Nani Loa mea.
5. Maple. Laulā-E haʻalele nō i ulu lāʻau, aia i loko o ka Europa hapa o Rusia, a me ka Caucasus, e wehewehe aku i maikaʻi ulu 'ia aquifolium (he pono ole) Maple. Mau laau ulu mai no he iwakalua mau mika i loko o kona kiʻekiʻe. Lākou mau lau i nui, pouli uliuli a pau, a me elima lobes. Wauke waihoʻoluʻu - poʻo. Hoi e pana aku a me nā lau o keia laau e hoʻomano hoʻohana no ka iapaau ana o nā maʻi puʻuwai. Ma kēia mau makana ano he he nui nui o ka ascorbicʻakika, alkaloids, tannin. Decoctions a me infusions pono palapū, li nui. Ka mea, i paka i ka choleretic, diuretic, antiseptic a me ka analgesic hopena. Adherents o ka lāʻau lapaʻau lapaau ike i nā lāʻau i loko o deciduous nahele e loa maikaʻi kēia. No laila, Maple lau a me ka hoi e pana aku i paipai no ka hoʻokō lapaʻau o jaundice, hakuʻala pohaku, e pakele o ka nausea a me ka luaʻi.

lau nahele

Plant deciduous ka ululāʻau i wehewehe aku ma ka nui a me ka palahalaha lau papa. No ia mea, ua kapaʻia ka mea, shirokotraviem lāʻauʻoka. Kekahi mau lau nahele e hele mai, mai ka hookahi paha, ka mea, aole loa kuahene impenetrable o nā lāʻau kukū. Others, eia nae, hana i kekahi ano o ka moena e uhi ana i nā'āpana. Oia lau nahele i Hoʻohaku. I waena o ia mau'āina kaikuaana, sedges a me ka huluhulu Zelenchuk yellow.

Hapanui herbaceous mea kanu e ola ana ma ka deciduous nahele, mea he perennial. Ka mea, e ola mai i kekahi mau makahiki. E like me ka rula, i ko lakou ola ua mālama 'ia e vegetative propagation. Na anoano ka mea, Ole poorly. A ano hiʻona o kēia mau mea kanu - lōʻihi lola honua a me ka aboveground hoi e pana aku, e ulu hoʻomaka koke i loko o kekahiʻaoʻao, a he 'Imi pīhoihoi hou'āina.

Ke Honolulu māhele o ka hapanui o nā 'elele o ka oakwood make hoʻi ma ka Akuma ka. Overwinter wale nō i loko o ka lepo i nā aʻa, a rhizomes. Ka mea, i hoʻonohonoho ai kūikawā nā'ōpuʻu mai a hou hoi e pana aku i hua mai la i ka luawai.

Ke koe a hiki i ka rula

Pohihihi keia 'elele shirokotravya noho omaomao ma ka hooilo a me ke kauwela. Kēia mau mea kanu nā: Asarum, Zelenchuk, anal sedge.

laau uuku

Like no kēia mau laha 'o flora, kā lākou deciduous ululāʻau halawai loa paʻakikī. Ka mea wale nō i auaneʻiʻoukou i nā kiʻi oʻAseterota, akā,ʻaʻole pēlā ma ka coniferous nahele, ma kahi a ka nalu ulu mai'ō a'ō. Ka loa hoʻomano hoʻohana blueberries a me cranberries.

"Wikiwiki"ʻoliʻoli ephemeroids

Kēia mau mea kanu i ka poe akamai i këia na flora o ka ulu lāʻau, i ka nui hoihoi. Iwaena o lakou, kaukaualiʻi celandine, buttercup anemone, Corydalis nāʻano a me ka gagea. Kēia mau mea kanu i IeAUPIIe, IAa IO uuku ma ka nui, akā, ka mea, e ulu loa koke. Ephemeroids wikiwiki e e hanau koke ma hope o ka nalowaleʻana o ka hau uhi. Kekahi pakahi aku la ia frisky rostochku lākou ala, a hiki ma ka hau. Ma hope o ka hebedoma, i ka hapanui elua, kā lākou mau pua, nā'ōpuʻu keia manawa, ua pua i nā. A mau pule ma hope mai o ka oo ana o ka hua, a me ka anoano. Nā mea kanu moe ma ka honua, e huli melemele, a laila, i ka hapa o ka ia i kahi ma luna o ka lepo make ana. Eia hoʻi, i kēia kaʻina ia lŘlŘ i ka loa hoʻomaka o ke kauwela au, i ka wa, e like me ka mea i like me ka mea, na rula no ka ulu a me ka hooulu ana o ka loa maikaʻi. Ke ike ole ia ka poe noonoo ole. Ma ephemeroids pono'ī pāpana o ke ola, okoa, mai ke ano o ke kiʻi? Acaeoey o nā mea kanu. Ka mea, ua pua i nā i ka piha pua wale nō i loko o ka luawai, a me ke kauwela no ia - ka mea, Aloha manawa ka palaho.

Most hoʻoulu i ka hooulu ana au - koke wai. I keia manawa o ka makahiki i loko o ka ulu lāʻau, aia mea he i kā mākou ka nui o ka malamalama, e like me ka laau uuku a me nā lāʻau i ole i lilo i ka manoanoa uliuli uhi. Eia hou, i keia manawa i ka lepo ua paʻa kūhohonu loa me ona mau optimally. Like no ka mea kiʻekiʻe kau mahana, na ephemeroids ka mea, aole ia e pono ai. Pau kēia mau mea kanu i perennial. Ka mea, e ole e make ma hope o kā lākou mau Honolulu loa dries mai. E noho nei lola honua aʻa hōʻike tubers, pu u kukui a me rhizomes. Mau kino i na repositories o māhuaola,ʻano nui pia. A no ke aha la ke kumu, a me nā lau pua hou ai kakahiaka nui, a mahuahua pela hikiwawe loa.

Ephemeroids mea, he pono ole i loko o deciduous lāʻauʻoka ulu mea kanu. Loa, aia nō ma kahi o umi ano. Kā lākou mau pua i pena i ka aahu poni, uliuli, he lenalena. Ma flowering ephemeroids kuahene he manoanoa maikai moena.

mosses

Russian laulā-E haʻalele nō i nahele i habitats o kekahi? Ueo o mosses. Lua 'boreal ululāʻau ma i kēia mau mea kanu i hana i ka anuanu omaomao lepo uhi ma ka lāʻauʻoka ka limu lāʻau malumalu lepo ole pela kaiāulu. Ke kūlana o nā mosses ma broadleaf nahele Ua uku. Ke kumu nui o ka mea i ka lau litter o ka nahele broadleaf detrimental hopena ma luna o kēia mau mea kanu.

? aaoa

Animals Russian laulā-E haʻalele nō i nahele - ia ungulates, carnivores, insectivores, rodents a me ka'ōpeʻapeʻa. Ka nui 'ano ua malama i loko o ia mau wahi i mea ole hoopa ma ka ke kanaka. Pela, ma ka laulā-E haʻalele nō i ka ululāʻau, e hiki ke ike kia, hihiu puaʻa, iʻai dia, sika a me kaʻulaʻula dia, elk. Poe o ka Moana ua poe e alopeke, hae, marten, ermine a me weasels. Laulā-E haʻalele nō i ulu lāʻau,? Aaoa i mea waiwai, a pēlā nō, i ka home i ka beavers, squirrels, muskrats a me nutria. Eia hou, e noho ma kaʻiole,ʻiole,ʻiole, hedgehogs, shrews, nahesa, hana o ua moo a me Marsh manu kuhukukū kēia mau mea.

Manu o deciduous ululāʻau - manu laka, finches, warblers, anal, flycatchers, manuʻioʻio i, starlings. Aia ka i ka home i ka manu koraka, rooks, grouse, woodpeckers, crossbill, jackdaws, grouse. Manu o ka waiwai pio i na poe Hawk, pueo, pueo, pueo a me ka lunyami. Wahi lepo wai - ka home i shorebirds, nā manuʻioʻio, aredea, gulls, Duck a me geese.

I ka hala, i na kanaka] laulā-E haʻalele nō i ka ululāʻau ma bison. Ano, Eia naʻe, ia mea he mau na umi o kanaka. Mau holoholona i hoomaluia ma ke kānāwai. Lakou noho ana ma ka Bialowieza Forest (Belarus), i loko o ka Oka Reserve Olu (Russian Hui), i loko o kekahi mau aina o Western 'Eulopa, a ma Poland. Ua kaʻi aku i ka Caucasus mau holoholona. Aia ka mea, e hui me ka bison.

Ka helu o nā dia i kekahi undergone i ka loli. Ka mea, lilo loa emi no ka mea, o ka mea barbaric hana a ke kanaka. Papakaukau deforestation a me ka'ō'ō palau ana ia mahinaʻai e detrimental i kēia mau nani holoholona. Dia hiki a hiki i elua mika loa, a ekolu haneri kanaha-kilogram ke kaumaha. Ka mea, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO noho i loko o nā bipi uuku o ka mai i umi holoholona. Hoʻohaku i loko o ka hapanui o na hihia o ka wahine. Ke noho me ia, a me kona poe mamo.

Akuma ka manawa kane houluulu i ka ano o ke kļhäpai hoʻonani. Reminiscent o ka pu lākou halulu mai ua lawe ia ma 'ekolu i eha kilomika puni. Ka loa holomua kia, pio i nā kaua o kona loaʻaʻana e ho'ākoakoa mai a puni ia, i ka iwakālua o ka wahine. Pela i hanaʻia kekahi 'ano o ka dia bipi. I ka hoʻomaka o ke kauwela kau, dia i opiopio hanau. Ka mea, i hanau he ewalu i umikumamakahi kilograms. Ua ike Up i eono mahina ulu kokololio. Yearling kane kuai mau pepeiao.

Nā kia ai ka mauu, lau a me kumu o nā lāʻau, fungi, lichens, ohe, awaawa. Akā, na paipu i loko o kā lākouʻai mea i pono i nā mea a pau. Ma ka hihiu dia ola no ma kahi o umikumamalima makahiki. Ma ka noho pio ana, keia huahelu, e e pāpālua.

Beavers - o kekahi noho o deciduous ululaau. Ka loa 'ano kūpono no ia ma laila nō i loko o Europe, North America a me Asia. Ke i kā mākou i kākau kaumaha o keia holoholona - kanakolu kilograms a me ke kino lōʻihi - hoʻokahi mika. Bobrov distinguishes He nunui kino, a me ka flattened huelo. Webbing ma waena o ka manamana o ka diawahine ia wāwae, e kōkua malama i ka wai I Aloha Hawaii. Für waihoʻoluʻu hiki ĸokoĸa ana nä pane mai ka malamalama eleele iʻeleʻele. Hamoia i kona lauoho a kūikawā huna, e hoomaluia beavers mai ka noho pulu. I ka bapetizo ana ma ka wai i nā pepeiao o ka holoholona i hoʻohuiʻia a me nā puka ihu paa hou mai la. Ka hoʻokele waiwai ea hokii, e kokua ia ia e noho ma lalo o ka wai no ka i ka umikumamalima minuke. Beavers makemake e noho ma na kapakai o ic ??, a oxbow o ic ??, a lohi e kahe muliwai. Ka mea, i o Laielohelohe ma ka nui Hawaiian a me ka wai kanu. Beavers neo? Aaiiai? Mea he puka 'ole he palapala hale, i ka puka no ka i mea ma lalo o ka waiʻili. Makua? Ieoaeunoai i loko o kēia mau holoholona ina ke kiʻekiʻe o ka wai i lolelua ka. Mahalo i kēia mau iauaeoia ua hooponopono runoff, hiki ke komo i ka hale, mai ka wai. Peregryzanie nā lālā a hiki laau nui beavers haawi wale. No laila, Aspen (CO) elima i ehiku kenimika ma anawaena, susceptible i kēia mau holoholona i loko o nā minuke. Lākou punahele meaʻai - kō. Eia hou, ka mea, i ole averse e ai iris, wai nā līlia, Potbelly. Beavers noho i loko o nāʻohana. Young holoholona hele ma ka huli ana i ka paʻa o ke kolu o ka makahiki o ke ola.

Wild puaʻa - hoʻokahi hou typical poʻe e noho lā ma deciduous ululaau. Ka mea, i ka nunui poo, a me ka loa ikaika lōʻihi ihu. Ka loa ikaika mea o nā holoholona - ka pahikaua triangular niho i ka lena iluna, a ia ma ka hope. Hihio i ka pokole mea,ʻaʻole loa maikai, akā, ua offset keia ma ka maikaʻi lohe, a he kilo pono o ka hohono. Nui specimens kau he kaupaona o ekolu haneri kilograms. ka holoholona o ke kino ua hoomaluia hulu pouli eleele. He loa ikaika.

Puaʻa - maikaʻi kukini a me swimmers. Mau holoholona maluna o ka mana o ka holo loko, he laula o kekahi mau kilomika. Ke kumu o ko lākouʻai ninoieo o nā mea kanu, akā, ua hiki ke olelo aku i ka puaʻa, he omnivores. Lākou punahele ai - acorns a me beech kukui, a me ka mea e ole e haawi mai i na rana,ʻiole, pēpē manu, nā mea kolo a me nā nahesa.

'elele o nā mea kolo

Deciduous nahele noho Adders, moonihoawa, copperhead, veretennitsami, omaomao a me ka moo. Ka pilikia a hiki i ka hopena ho i wale he moonihoawa. He nui nā poʻe manaʻo kuhihewa manaoio i ka ia niho copperhead, akā, ia mea,ʻaʻole. Ua oi aku ka nui broadleaf nahele aniuea - nahesa.

ke ola hiʻona

Ke oo? O deciduous ululāʻau (a hui pū) i loko o ka Europa hapa o Rusia svoebrazny ano he triangle, i ke kumu o ka i ua aia ma ke komohana o palena o ka aina, a me ka maka ka holopono 'ana ma o ka Ural Mountains. No ka Ua i hookahi uhi i kēia wahi ma ka Hawaiian ka hau ma ka Quaternary wā, kona 'äina ka hapanui hilly. Ka loa ahuwale na hoailona o ke alo aku o ka Valdai me ka hauneneʻe ola ma ka akau-komohana. Ka I oo? O deciduous a me ka poʻe'ē he ululāʻau ua wehewehe aku ma chaotic puu puʻu, pali kualono, paa hou mai la o ic ?? a me nā kīʻaha. Hema i ho'ākāka 'ia oa ?? eoi? Poe haumāna moraine papu a i hana ma muli o ia ka ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka makeʻe ili hilly pāhili. Kokua hui a me ka broadleaf ulu wehewehe aku ma ke alo o ke one o kekahi nui papu. Lākou me Kinohi - o ka wai-mauʻaʻei. Ka mea, i waviness, hiki i kekahi manawa e loaʻa nō i puʻu one ma waena.

Coniferous-deciduous ululaau o ka Russian Plain

Keia oo? Ua aia i loko o ka ke aniau ciia. Ke aniau, kŘpa a mehana a me ka humid. I ka aina o kēia mau mau mea o ka ho'āno-podzolic. Ke koke o ka 'Akelanika' alakai aku i ka 'äina. Ka muliwai aʻeo ka hoʻolele 'ana i ka coniferous a me ka deciduous ka ululāʻau ua pono ke kino. Reservoir wehewehe aku ma kekahi wahi nui.

Activity kena eutrophication kaʻina koke groundwater a me humid aniau. Hoʻohaku i loko o ka mauu uhi kanu i ke akea lau kōmi 'ana.

ka hopena

Laulā-E haʻalele nō i nahele i loko o ka mokuna o 'Eulopa, i makemake ai e like me ka miomio o nā kaiaola. A ma hope o elua a ekolu kenekulia nei, ka mea, he kekahi o ka loa like ma luna o ka Honua a me ke aupuni 'o nui o Eulopa. Ke'ī mai, ma ka umikumamaono-umikumamawalu kenekulia ka mea, noho ka wahi o kekahi mau miliona aa. I kēia lā, ka mea, ua i oi aku mamua o hookahi haneri tausani aa.

I ke kakahiaka nui iwakālua kenekulia māihi he wale hakina o ka hala nui broadleaved kāʻei. Ma ka wanaao o keia keneturia ma luna o ka nele wahi i ho'āʻo i ka ulu laau oka. Naʻe, ua hoao ia e hala loa paʻakikī: i hoʻoponopono i ka make ana o ka mea opiopio Dubrov ulu a eia i manawa wi. Oiai haʻawina i ua alakai aku ia, i alakai i ke kaulana Lūkini geographer Dokuchaev. E like me ka hopena, ka mea i loaʻa i ka hoʻokō 'ole' e ulu lāʻau hou i pili me ka nui-me ka unahiʻole deforestation, e like me ka mea mau loa hoʻololi i ka hydrological? Eia, a aniau o ka ?? eoi? Ee.

I ka lā, i nā wahi mua ku e deciduous ululāʻau, kiʻekiʻe nahele ulu, e like meʻimi hoʻopunipuni kalana. Lakou lanakila conifers. Eia naʻe, e like me ka poe akamai e hoailona oukou, i nāʻano a me ka 'ole o ka lāʻauʻoka maoli nahele hiki ole e loaa hou ai.