Li-143: ka mōʻaukala o ka honua nei. Description o ke kūkulu

Ka nele no ka manao ma ke kua o ka enemi laina ma ka hapalua like-kanalima, i ka hoʻomaka o ka confrontation ma waena o kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia, a me ka Soviet Union no ka Hoʻohakuʻoihana i loko o ke ao nei, ua hōʻike 'o ka nui o unmanned mokulele. Ano iho manned lako a mea i hana ia me na aina o ko ke ao nei, a me ka helu o kona ulu ana. Akā, i mau kanaka i ka aina hanau o "akamai" mokulele, a i hoʻohana hiki i keia manawa, ua ka Soviet Union, e pili ana poʻokela reconnaissance kaa e like me ka Li-123, Li-143, Li-141.

Pehea ka mea, a pau, hoomaka ae la?

Primitive ana o unmanned kaa i loko o ka palapala o ka balloons e hoopakele hopeʻia'Aukekulia poʻe hao wale hoʻopilikia ma Venice i hana ia 1849 makahiki. Ka hapalua o ke kenekulia, Nikola Tesla 'ia a hoʻokō i ka hana, he Radio-lāʻau moku. A ma ka 1910 i kūkuluʻia ai ka US koa lunaʻenehana Charles Kettering, a ho'āʻo kekahi mau nui o unmanned Honolulu kaa (UAVs), akā, ka mea, ua i loaʻa ka mea e pili ana.

Ke kanakolu Ua kaha maha ma ka hooulu ana o ka hoʻoponopono-e hoʻokele 'enehana reusable i loko o ka UK. Ma ia laua i keia hana mea hou i hana muaʻole, ma ka Soviet Union akamai Nikitin hana torpedo-glider a hiki ke hoʻololi i ka torpedo me ka laulā o ka 100 ei, akā nō waiho ma luna o ka pepa. I ka 1940, ua ulu Kelemāniaʻepekema moku peʻa Kao lele lako kaua, hoʻohana mua i loko o ka hakakāʻana, a me ka mokulele hēkī engine.

Ka mea, ua wale ma hope o ka Apana World War ka hoʻomaka 'ana i nā mea kaua lāhui i loko o ka mahinaʻai o unmanned ma waena o ka'āina o ka Warsaw Pact a me NATO, ma muli o ia i ka mea, ua nō hoʻohana UAVs, a me "auhee" Li-143.

, Hoʻokomo UAV "holo"

I ka makahiki 1956, i ka aina o ka Hui o ka Warsaw Pact Ally kaua komo Hungary e uhi Anati-Communist nā manaʻo. Ma ka Ia wā Tupolev i hana mai i backroom "K", nona ka hana mea e hoʻomōhala huahana "C". A makahiki ma hope, i ka 'Aha o Kuhina o ka USSR i maunakea mea telegram ka hōʻeaʻana i hoʻolaha like "anamanaʻo" ma o ka mākaukau o ka holo hoao ana' ikamu "C" i loko o ka ha o ka hapaha o ka 1958.

Ma lalo o ka hoʻopā'āluaʻia huahana hanaia'na hunaia UAV. ulu ka manaʻo no i KE Tupolev. Huna huahana mea he mea hiki ke hooheheeia monoplane me kahiliia'ēheu shape. Koke i ka papahana ua makaukau no ka kŰia unmanned nenoai hiki no i ka mamao o ka 10 tausani. Km no ka hoopakele ana nukelea mea kaua, akā, ka mea i i hoʻokōʻia ke kauoha o ka NS Khrushchev.

Akamai i hoʻomākaukauʻia pakiko-piloting "Hawk" Li-123, i lilo i ka hoʻokomo o ka Li-143, i kona mua mahuka i ka 1961. Like ka pepehi mokulele, ia mea i loko o ka mua loa o ka 'ole i manao i hoʻomākaukauʻia, e makemake ana ia ma mua o ka nukelea warhead.

Mea hemahema "Hawk" a me ka mea "me Rei"

A mua keakea hōʻike 'ia ma nā ho'āʻo ma Li-123 kila wela ikepili koʻikoʻi fotolyuki a ma mokulele māmā holo o ka 2700 km / ua uhiia ka h me na mawae. Kēia pilikia, Soviet nā kānakaʻenehana hoʻoholo ihola e hoʻohana i ke kuai ana o Palakila pōaka one ma ka pretext o kona hoʻohana i ka 'inikua lako a pan. Ia mea, mai keia maka mea i loaa wela-hoʻopale aniani, a laila, i ke kiʻekiʻe-kbps kiʻi.

Ka lua o keakea i ka imperfect manao o "Hawk", i ka hana ua malamaia wale nō mea hana pahu, i ke koena o ka UAV he disposable. Ke aupuni ka luna i hoomaopopo i ka pono no ka hooulu ana i ka hoopakele unmanned luna 'akamai. He Ua hope Pani 'ōlelo' o ka "lele" Li-143. I ka moolelo o ka UAV hoʻomaka me ke komoʻana o ka poʻe hao wale Ally i Czechoslovakia a me ka hoike ana o na luna o ka Soviet Union i ka hou 'oihana Tupolev e pili ana i ke kūkuluʻana hoopakele i ka reconnaissance UAV.

Creation o "me Rei"

Hana ma luna o ka manaʻo o ka mea hou loaʻa i loko o ka mahinaʻai o UAVs hele koke. Mau makahiki ma hope, "auhee" Ua mua kona mua mahuka ana i. Ma hope o 4 makahiki o ka ho'āʻo a me ka hana hou, ma ka 1976, lilo i ka lākou o ka hookama Soviet kaua. Haʻi'ōlelo hooponopono ana o tactical akamai - like wehewehe aku i loko o ka Li-143 poʻe hao wale. lakou i kuai ai? iecaianoaaiiuo o prototypes i loko o ka nui o 10 apana ma Bashkiria i ka 1973. Koke hoomaka pūkaʻina? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka hou luna '. No ka 10 makahiki (a makahiki 1980) hua mai la i ka huina o 950 apana.

Release o ka luna 'i hoʻomaopopo i loko o nā wale nō: ka mua - me kiʻi lako a pan; ka lua - a me ke kīwī. Eia hou, Ua hoʻolako pono ka UAV me ka pāhawewe ka loaʻaʻana mea. I ka makahiki 1985, ma ke kumu o ka "Rei" Tupolev nā kānakaʻenehana i hana i ka pale i ana i hala moku'āina ho'āʻo ma.

Invulnerability ea pale aku ia lakou - kēia hiʻona o ka Li-143. Kahikoia me 6 aina ua "holo": ka USSR, Iraq, Czechoslovakia, Pulakalia, Suria, Romania. Ano ka mea, ua i loko o ka Ukraine a me Rusia.

naue like

Ma tactical holo reconnaissance eiiieaena hua mai la Aerial kiʻi o hoʻokoe iho iʻikepili ma ke kiʻi Auana. No ka hana ana hana i hoʻohana ma o ka Li-143 TV lako a pan. He mau 'ano o ke akamai hana i lawe mai i ke ao. Ka loihi e hoʻoholo i ka hohonu o ke anal o ka UAV i loko o kaʻenemi ka hope, wehewehe aku ma nā hoailona ma ka 60-70 ei.

I ka "holo" o ka luna ':

• E hoʻomaka ana me ka pakiko-propelled ma ka makani ka mämä holo o ka ole oi aku mamua o 15 m / s.
• Mission Na Makuahine me ke kōkua o ka hana nona iho ma luna-papa'ōnaehana (Absu).
• Hiki e hanaʻia holo kuamoʻo.
• Collection a me ka mālama 'ana o ke akamai a me ke kōkua o ke kiʻi, a kīwī lako a pan.
• I ka manawa kūpono o ka hoomaopopo ana i ka pāhawewe kaiapuni.
• Delivery o nāʻikepili ma ka hāʻawi wahi, a ma ka Radio Kanal i ka honua kauoha pou.

Li-143: no? Ieoaeunoaa hōʻikeʻano

UAV "holo" i kū hoʻokahi waiwai radiozametnosti. LT Kulikov, kekahi o ka papa kuhikuhiE akamai i manaoia e e kuikawa hoomalu. Kiel, ka eheu kōkua, ke parachute ipu, o ka ihu o ka mokulele i i ka ole-mea hao mea. He hiki ke loaʻa ai invulnerability manao eiiieaena.

Structurally, ka mea i hoʻomākaukauʻia fuselage ninoieo o ka eha compartments: ke kakaka, me ka onboard ipu, he wahie pahu, ka engine nacelle me ka parachute ipu. Ma ka mua loa o ka luna 'aupuni' reconnaissance lako a pan. Ka pahu Ua i mai o Minvielle i, a ua hoakaka no ka fotolyuka.

UAV aina manawa tricycle pae kapa. Front kākoʻo waiho i loko o ka lua o ka pahu, a me ka mea'ē aʻeʻelua e loaʻa mai ka'ēheu Panel. Wawahi iho la, a kanu parachutes manao no ka damping ana papamoe, a me ka vertical pae holo.

ka hanaʻino

Reconnaissance eiiieaena hoʻohana ma Afghanistan a me ke kaua i loko o Lebanona. Ma hope iho o ka'opi o ka Soviet Union he nui helu o UAVs noho ma luna o ka mokuna o Ukraine.

I ka 2001 ka mea, ua lono kaumaha pela me ka hoʻohana 'TR-143 no ka aʻo hana me ka pale kaua. Airliner Li-154 hekili ana, a pepehi mai i kahi o 80 kanaka. Ke kumu o ua he unintentional LIKE Kao lele lako kaua papahana no UAV "mahuka ana."

E nānā i Li-143 (nui), e like me ka malamaia ho'āʻoʻia hiki i loko o ia mau wahi.

• Ke maunakea Museum ma Kiev.
• Museum o koa lako a pan, a me na mea kaua Spadshchansky Forest.
• Ma ke kulanakauhale o Khmelnitsky.
• Palaka maunakea Museum.
• Museum. Sakharov.
• Central Airport ma Moscow.
• Hale o ka Air Max ma Monino.

Li-143: LTH

• Weight - 1230 kg.
• Lōʻihi - 8,06 m.
• Kiekie - 1.545 m.
• Eheu nā kapuwaʻiʻehā - 2,24 m.
• 'ēheu Area - 2,9 ka m ^2.
• Palena iki kiʻekiʻena - 10 mau mika.
• holo manawa - 13 minuke.
• Pake Type - TRD TR3-117.
• Ka hohonu o ka hana - 95 ei.
• I kā mākou māmā - 950 km / h.