Princess Anne Leopoldovna: he pōkole Kawaihae, a me ka noho alii ana

I ka hopena o keia wahine like lono kaumaha. Moʻopuna mai o ka Russian Tsar Ivan V, Anna Leopoldovna wale no ka manawa pōkole loa, ua i ka luna o ka moku'āina nui loa i loko o ke ao nei - Rusia. Ua make i kona wa wale iwakalua-ehiku makahiki, a me ka mea hope, e i ike i kona mau maka - keia puali wahi window o kekahi hale, a lilo iho la ia i ka hale paʻahao no ka mea, a māhunehune hiki mai ma hope o ke ao, a lawe waiwai pio inhospitable'ākau lani. Kēia i ka hopena o ka hale coup, i kūpono i ke kaikamahine pii o ka noho aliʻi o Peter I - Elizaveta Petrovna.

Ka mea opiopio John V heiress

Mua mākou hoʻomaka e kamailio ana i Anna Leopoldovna ma Lūkini mōʻaukala, ka mea e e möakäka hou ka pili ia i ai i ka hale Romanovs. Ua huli mai i ka loa pololei. Ua ua ike ia mai ka 1682 a hiki i 1696 ma ka noho aliʻi Lūkini noho pono mau mō'ī - Peter I, a me kona kaikaina o Ioane i ka V, ka mea iʻelima mau kaikamāhine: Mary, Theodosia, Ana, Praskovya a me Anna. Ka mea hope, e ia i loko o 1730, ka Empress a hoi kona alii ana no umi makahiki. Kekahi wahine, he kaikamahine o John i ka V, Ana, ka makuwahine o ke heroine o ko mākou moʻolelo - he wā e hiki mai ka lula, ke kahu Anne Leopoldovna, a pela i ka piha-fledged ka Luna o ka Hale aliʻi o Romanov. Nolaila, kāna keiki Ivan, ua pau na kuleana i ka noho aliʻi.

Hânau 'ia Anna Leopoldovna December 18, 1718 ma ka liʻiliʻi German kūlanakauhale o Rostock. Kona makuakane ua Karl Leopold Duke o Mecklenburg-Schwerin, a me kona makuwahine, e like me ka olelo maluna, i ka Lūkini czar John i ka V o ka kaikamahine, Princess Ekaterina Ivanovna. I ka wā e hiki mai ma luna o Rusia hele mai ia oia i eha makahiki, a maanei oia i maliu Orthodoxy. Kona makuahine he aloha kaikamahine i alii iho la oia i na makahiki o ka Empress Anny Ioannovny, a ia oe e malama i kona upbringing, ka lanakila ia i kekahi o nā kiʻi koʻikoʻi loa, o ka Academy o Sciences - Kondraty Ivanovich Genningeru. Mai 1731, hoomaka ae la oia i kona haʻawina, akā, e mau ae la ia wale nō makahiki eha, e like me ka 1735-la ua he pilialoha moʻolelo i pau ai kona 'oihana.

Kaikamahine, ka Adoration a me ka hoʻoikaika ka mare

Ma ke poʻo o ka hou aupuni a pau Säkonaʻelele, hiki - helu Moritz Carl Linar. Kēia ka eha Europa uʻi i ia manawa, he kanakolu-ekolu makahiki, a me ka mea opiopio Princess Anne Leopoldovna haule iho ma ke aloha me ka iaiyoe. Her mentor Kondraty Ivanovich ua ma ka ike a me ka ikaika ka pilina i ke kūpono 'ana o ka puke. Ua loheʻia me na lono e pili ana i ka hiki ahaaina. Akā, no ka pilikia o ia Anna i ua kūhelu na kahu - Duke Anton Ulrich, ka mea i hōʻalo no ka mea, alakaʻiʻia e ka lehulehu hoopanee, i ka Empress. Ke aʻo 'ana e pili ana i ka pakiko-makemake o ka uʻi kaikamahine, Lūkini autocrat ua huhu iho la oia, a hoouna aku la i kaʻelele-seducer mai o Rusia, a me ka accomplice o ka hana malu - Kondrati Ivanovich - wehe' ia mai ka oihana. Naʻe, i ka hoʻokolokolo mea,ʻaʻole ma luna o ka manawa, akā, i kēia kamailio hele ia.

Eha makahiki ma hope o nā hanana i wehewehe i wahi i ka ahaaina mare Anny Leopoldovny me ai unloved ma kona fiance - Antonom Ulrihom, Duke o Honolulu-Lüneburg. Hang Hoolaa i kēia hanana, ka oko ao halawai hanohano, a me ka mālama 'ia ma ka nui akoakoa ana o kanaka. Iloko o ka mare māheleʻana olelo aku la o Archbishop Ambrose (Yushkevich) - ke kanaka nana i destined e pāʻani i kekahiʻano nui kūlana ma ka haipule a me ka pili aupuni ke ola ana o ka aina i ka noho alii ana o Elizabeth. A makahiki ma hope, ka mea opiopio hui i ke keiki, ma Ivan Pani 'ōlelo i ka bapetizo.

I ka pau ana o ka noho alii ana Anny Ioannovny

Ua ua 1740. Ma Lūkini mōʻaukala, ka mea i loaa mai i ka helu o ka nui hanana, i ka mea nui o ka mea i ka make ana o ka Empress Anny Ioannovny, i hele mai 17 (28) o Okatoba. Ma o kona makemake, hoike ae hoʻoilina i ka noho aliʻi, ke keiki keiki Anny Leopoldovny - Ivan, he kahu no ia ia e hoonoho i kona punahele Ernsta Ioganna Biron. I a hiki i ka makahiki kūpono ka opiopio hooilina ua ia e ka Lūkini tsars John VI.

It E e kaulana e, like me ka kaikamahine a Tsar Ivan ka V, ka mea i make Empress passionately inaina i kona kaikaina Peter I, a pau na kaua kū'ē e, no ka kekahi o kāna mau keiki kāne i luna o ka noho aliʻi. No keia kumu, ia mea ma kona makemake i oleloia i loko o ka wā o ka make ana o ka hooilina i ka inoa akau a hiki i ka piko ae o ka ae-kahiko keiki o kona punahele kaikamahine - Anna Leopoldovna. About na moho no ka lāʻau kū o ka kuhina no ka nīnūnē Emperor ka mea, i koʻu kiiiaʻe nei. Ka mea, ua lilo kona punahele loa - Biron.

Akā, hoʻopaʻi makemake ua hoʻoholo ole. Literally, mai ka lā mua o kona noho aliʻiʻo ia i ke ehuehu o'ā'īʻoʻoleʻa kū'ē, Hoʻohui 'puni na makua o ka nīnūnē hooilina. Aia ua hiki he kipi e hookahuli i ka unpopular i kanaka i loko o? Aiaiiuie limahana. Ma ke poʻo o ka poʻe komohewa i ke kane Anny Leopoldovny - Anton Ulrich. Naʻe, i ka poʻe kipi ka mea, he ino ia, a ua koke la ia mea a hiki i ka Office ko lakou mau manao o ka luna o ka malu A. I. Ushakovu. Kēia kumu Ilamuku i ke kanaka i lawa sagacious a me ka hoopono i hiki coup d'etat, ka mea i kaupalena 'ia e ka mea i wale formally "Kalanimanuia" i ka poe kipi.

ousted? aiaiiuie limahana

Eia naʻe, Biron ka noho aliʻi o ka hoʻopaʻi. Ma ka po o November 9, 1740 ma ke keena moe, kahi hoomaha peacefully kahu aupuni, a me kana wahine, i ka puka weheia ho opa ao. He hui i ka hui o nā koa, alakaʻiʻia Field Ilamuku Hristoforom Minihom, he hoohikiʻenemi o Biron a me ka poʻe kākoʻo iā ia Anna Leopoldovna. Ka mua a pau-mana punahele,? No ka mea komo pū, au ike i keia mea i ka hopena, a i ke kuleana i ka makaʻu, ka pūnawele ma lalo o ka moe, iʻike pono au, e e make. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia ua hewa. Kahu aupuni i loko o ka sleigh, a lawe i ke kialua.

Koke ukali ia e ka Aha ma a Biron ua hoopiiia no kekahi mau hewa. O ke ala, ka hapanui o ia i ua invented. Ke verdict Ua loa ana pahuhopu nei me ka uhane o ka manawa - hoonoho ia. Naʻe, i ka wa a ke kanaka ilihune ola ae la ia, ua lohe ia, ua hai mai la i ke kala, a me ka uku hoopai UAIAaIN ma ka olua i Pelym ke aupuni 'ekolu tausani o ka mile, mai St. Petersburg. Akā, ma ka noho alii ana o Empress Elizabeth aloha o Makame hoololiia ia ia Yaroslavl, a ho'ōla aʻela Biron Peter III i loko o ke kapikala, haawi mai la ia i hoʻihoʻi mai i na mau mekala, a insignia. Ma kekahi mau oi makahiki, Ana II hoihoi hou ia i ka mua kahu aupuni ana o nā pono kīvila ma luna o pili i aku au iaia, ka Duchy o Courland.

I ka hiki ana i ka mana, a me ka muli o kekahi mea pepehi weliweli punahele

No laila, i kipaku i ka inaina? Aiaiiuie hoahana, mai ka hale aliʻi, a ua laweʻia ma luna o ka moku'āina papa ma ka pāpale aliʻi luna o ka makuwahine. Kahu aupuni ua Anna Leopoldovna. Romanovs alakaʻi i ke ano o ke alii John i ka V laina, hulina iʻikeʻia ma luna o ka luna o ke aupuni o Rusia. I ka hoʻomaka o ka mea e hiki mai ana 1741 ma ka ui wahine ka ola ua heʻoliʻoli kekahi hanana: ma Petersburg hele Puhi iho waeia Säkonaʻelele Carl Linar - kona kahiko, a me ka ole he manawa e hooluolu iaia iho aloha. Koke hookama Anna Leopoldovna, lilo koke iho la kona punahele.

E like me ka luna i mare, a laila ka mea, e loaʻa i kona pili i ka hooko ana me kekahi mau hae. Linar i noho ai i loko o ka hale ma ka Summer Garden, kahi i ia manawa noho i loko o ka Summer Palace, Anna. E hōʻoia i ka lawa e hoaponoiaʻi no kona alo i loko o ka hale aliʻi, āna i kauoha mai kana ipo oberkamergerom. Koke i ka lani kiekie loa ke aloha ua palahalaha ae a hiki i ka wahi i ka punahele i hookoia ia mau luna Lūkini kauoha - Andreya Pervozvannogo a me Aleksandra Nevskogo. No ka mea, i loaa ko lakou mau pono, i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo ke wale ke koho.

Soon, nae, Anna Leopoldovna ae kana ipo e intervene i loko o ke kaumaha moku'āina noho, a i ole lawe i kekahi olelo me ka Consulting ia ia. Ka wā o kona connivance Linar lilo i kī huahelu i loko o ke kaua e kū'ē i ka 'aha hoʻokolokolo aoao, eager e pū Rusia ma ke Kaua o ka'Aukekulia Succession. Ma kēlā mau makahiki, i ka helu oʻEulopa aina ho'āʻo, hai illegitimate i ka makemake o ka'Aukekulia Emperor Charles VI o, e komo ana i ka waiwai o ka hale o Habsburg maʻEulopa. Kēia hana o ka Säkonaʻelele, kena ae la eha ma ka naau i waena o papa kiʻekiʻe poʻe kauwā, ka mea i makau i ke muli o ka hou maka i loko o kona Biron.

Kaawale mai Linar

I mea e somehow ka hoopahaohao ana apono i controversial hoopaa huli, Anna Leopoldovna (Empress, ma hope o nā mea a pau) i, e hele i ka liana, a, nae, aole kekahi hiki e aʻe. No ka laʻana, ka mea, o ke kauwela o 1741 Linara O Kaohikukapulani me kona keʻena-kaikamahine o ka hanohano, a me ka hoʻopuniʻana hoa o Baroness Juliana Mengden. Akā, e lilo ana i ke kahu,ʻo ia,ʻaʻole naʻe, hiki i kauoha aku e komo i ka hana Lūkini, i kamaaina i koe Saxony. E loaa ka mea e pono ai palapala, i loko o Novemaba o ka hookahi makahiki Linar hele aku i Dresden.

Mamua o haalele, oia mea he kanaka o ka hihio, Anna Leopoldovna ia o ka hiki hoao e hoʻopio i ka mana o nā kākoʻo o Peter I ka kaikamahine Elizabeth. Naʻe,ʻo ia i hele aku ai, e hoʻi koke, a lawe nā mea a pau ma lalo o ka mana hoʻomalu ma. I ka māheleʻana, ka mea i i ike i ka'īʻana mai a hui hou a mau loa aku. I ka loaa ana o ka makemake ae, mai ke aupuni o Saxony, Linar ma Novemaba o ia makahiki, oia hoi i St. Petersburg, laila, i loko o Königsberg ia ia e kali no ka lono o ka mea e hopuia Anny Leopoldovny a me ka piʻiʻana a hiki i ka noho aliʻi o Elizabeth. Konaʻino makaʻu hele oiaio ...

E ke kaikamahine o Petero i ke poʻo o ka poʻe kiaʻi

Coup d'etat i wahi i ka po o November 25 (December 6) i ka 1741. I ia manawa, i hoʻokumuʻia Petero ka Nui poe kiai i ka papa kuhikuhiE kālai'āina ikaika. Hiki e enthrone, a kaili aku ia ia, oia uaʻano'ē kona ikaika i loko o Pepeluali 1725. A laila, ma luna o kona bayonets i hele mai i ka mana, i ka wahine kāne make o Peter I - Ana I. A, ano, ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka mea i Anna Leopoldovna, i ulu nō keʻano he ākea'ōhumu mai me ka rula, underestimate i ka mana o ka poʻe kiaʻi, Elizabeth e hoʻokele ia,ʻo ia konaʻaoʻao ke aupuni' o St. Petersburg Preobrazhensky regiment.

Ma ia po fateful no ka mea Lūkini aliʻi 31-makahiki-kahiko nani Elizaveta Petrovna, pu ma ka makahiki ekolu haneri a me ka iwakāluakumamāwalu grenadiersʻikeʻia i loko o ka Winter Palace. Me ke ku e ole ia'ku anywhere, ka mea, i ke keena moe, kahi hoomaha peacefully Anna Leopoldovna a me kana kane. Makau kahu aupuni i kūkala e pili ana i kona hoohioloia mai a me ka hopu. Ka hoike o keia e hoohuli hope hai aku la ia Elisabeta i ma luna o nā lima i loko o ka hookahi lumi, a ho'ālaʻia e kekahi ulia halulu-makahiki-kahiko hooilina i ka noho aliʻi, hāwanawana malie mai la ia: ". Ka pōʻino keiki" Uaʻikeʻo ia i olelo mai.

Way o ke kea i nehinei aliʻi

Pela, ke Honolulu ohana i hopu, a me Anna Leopoldovna. Empress Elizabeth ua,ʻaʻole he kanakaʻino. Ua ua ike ia ma ka hoʻomaka ana ua mai, e hoouna aku i ko lakou poe pio ma Europa, a me ka i kaupalena '- no laila, ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, ka mea i olelo mai ma ka manifesto, a hoike ae la ia ia iho Empress. Hōʻoki aku aliʻi wahine, Anna Leopoldovna me ka ohana i ua manawa hoouna aku la i ka Riga Castle, kahi ana i hoolilo i ka makahiki i loko o anticipation o ke ku okoa ana i olelo mua iaʻi. Akā, Emo ole ka hou Winter Palace nā malihini i na manao hoʻololi. Ka mea i St. Petersburg i ike i ke kipi, kona pahu hopu ua e hookahuli Elizabeth a me ke kala o ka kupono hooilina o Ivan Antonovich.

Ua lilo'ē aʻe i ka hale o Honolulu, e hoʻomau i ka hae hiki a pau kipi, hiki posing i kekahi pilikia. Ka hopena Anny Leopoldovny i Wehewehe i nā hāʻina. I ka 1742, ua hoolilo ia Dünamünde pā (kokoke Riga) i ka poe pio, a me nā makahiki ma hope ma Renenburgskuyu pā, a ua i loko o ka panalāʻau o Ryazan. Akā, i 'aneʻi ka mea, i ole noho lōʻihi. A mau mahina ma hope, hele kiekie loa kauoha alakai ia lakou i Arkhangelsk no hou paa i loko o ka Solovetsky hoailona. Ma ka Akuma ka slush, ma ka ninini i ka ua, i hoouna aku ai i ke kūkulu'ākau Anna Leopoldovna a me kona Auwe hoi ohana.

Akā, i loko o ia makahiki kakahiaka aiʻaihueʻia a me ka hau kualono hoʻokoe i kekahi manawa kūpono o ka holo ana i Solovki. Nā pio i kekahi hale aku, i loko o Kholmogory, i loko o ka hale o ka kūloko Bishop, a me ka makaʻala kiai, ke kāpaeʻana i kekahi manawa kūpono o ka 'ōlelo a me ka mea o waho honua. Here ka mea, e like me ka wa pau ole me kana keiki a me ka hooilina. Ivan Antonovich kaʻawaleʻana mai o lākou, a hoʻonoho ihola i loko o kekahi hapa o ka hale, a i hope na na makua e pili ana ia i kekahi kūkala nūhou. No ka nui mahuka i kauoha Nā hana mamuli o-Emperor, e kapa aku i kekahi hoopunipuni inoa Gregory.

Ka make a me ka belated hanohano

Nā makahiki, piha o ka kaumaha a me ka ordeals, ke olonā wāwae o ka ola o ke kaikamahine. Mua kahu aupuni a me ka luna o Rusia me ka mana piha, make i loko o ka hale paʻahao 8 (19) i loko o March 1746. Ka oihana kumu o ka make i kūkala puerperal ke kuni, a me ka mea, e olelo aku i loko o nā lā kahiko, "ognevitsa". Oiai ma lalo o hopu, akā,ʻaʻole razluchonnaya me kana kane, Anna i hanau i eha manawa hou aku na keiki, i nā lāliʻi o ka a i ole e holo.

Naʻe, i ka moʻolelo Anny Leopoldovny ole i pau ai. Kona kino i kaʻi aku ai i ke kapikala a me ka nuiʻahaʻaina kanuʻiaʻo ia i loko o ka necropolis o Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Ua paʻa Funeral e like me na rula stipulated ma na rula o ka hoolewa ana o ka poe no a hiki i ka hale aliʻi. Mai laila, i ka kūhelu papa inoa o ka Hawaii o ka Lūkini luna pono i oleloia a me Anna Leopoldovna. Romanov mau lili o ka veneration o ka hoomanao ana o ka lala o kona ohana,ʻo ia mau mea no kona make ana, he iho ana.

"Hao Approach" Lūkini moʻolelo

Pakahi aku la ia lono kaumaha i ka hopena o Ivan - ka hooilina a hiki i ka noho aliʻi, a i hanau ia Anna Leopoldovna. Bio ka mea, ua ikaika ia ma ka ke ala i hāʻawi ala moʻolelo kapa ia Lūkini kekahi "Iron Approach". Koke ma hope o ka 'ana o ka mana e Elizabeth i ia hiki a pauʻanuʻu e hōʻoia' ia i poina i ka inoa o ka hooilina a hiki i ka noho aliʻi o ka hewa. I hopu mai ka holo i ke dala a me kona kiʻi, luku palapala e hōʻike ana i kona inoa, a ma lalo o uku hoopai o ka loa hoopai banned kekahi Memories o ia.

Elizaveta Petrovna, hopu mana ma ka hale coup, makau i ka manawa kūpono o ka lilo he luahi o ka loa aʻe ka manaʻo. No keia mea, i ka 1756, ua i kauoha, e haawi aku i ka umikumamalima-makahiki pio i loko o Schlisselburg pā , a no ulia i ka mehameha hoopaaia. Aia Ua hoʻoneleʻia mai au i ke keiki o ke ahiahi lākou hou inoa Gregory, a haawi ia ia wale nō me "he pono-ike pio." Pololei loa kona hui 'ana me ka puni. Keia koi ua ai malama ikaika i loko o nā makahiki a pau o ka paa i ka pio loa ike i kekahi kanaka helehelena. Ia mea e kahaha ko oukou naau ia ma manawa i hoike mai i na hoailona o ka noʻonoʻo maʻi.

Top kipa i ka pio a me ka make koke

A hiki ke kūapoʻana Elizabeth hiki i ka hou empress, Ana II, a hopu ka mana a me ke kākoʻo mai o ka poe kiai, o kona mea e hana i kona noho aupuni nui legitimacy,ʻo ia manaʻo e pili ana i ka manawa kūpono o ka mare ana i ka mea i loko o ka pā kaua o ka mea maʻamau hooilina i Ivan. No keia hopena, ua kipa aku la ia ia i loko o Shlisselburgsky paa mai. Eia naʻe, ua ike ka degere o ke kino ai 'a me ka noʻonoʻo' mea hōʻemi ua hiki i ka makahiki o ka mehameha hoopaa, Ivan, ua ike ia i ka mare ana me ia, hiki e ole e ninaninau. Ma ke ala, i ka Empress mai la oia i ka pioʻike nōʻo ia i kona mau aliʻi me Kinohi, i kona mea literate a me ka makemake e hoopau i kona ola i loko o ka hoailona.

Ana II ka noho alii ana ua mamao mai straightforward, aʻOiaiʻo ia i loko o ka pā kaua o Ivan na hoao lehulehu i coup me ka AIM o ka ho'āla ia a hiki i ka noho aliʻi. E hooki aku ia lakou, i ka Empress kauoha e koke pepehi i ke pio, ina he mea kekahi maoli hoʻoweliweli 'ana i kona kala. A ma ka 1764, keia kulana i ke kino. Kekahi kipi originated ma na kahua o ka poʻe koa o ka pā kaua Shlisselburg. Ua Ua alai ia e Lutanela V. Ya Mirovich. Naʻe, ka mea maloko maluhia o na casemates hookoia kona pono: Ua hou Ivan Antonovich ia me bayonets. Make keʻakeʻa i kona ola pōkole a me ka lono kaumaha o ka 5 (16) i loko o July 1764.

Pela i pau ai i ke ola o kēia mau keiki o ka Hale aliʻi o Romanov - he kupono hooilina i ka noho aliʻi John VI, a me kona makuwahine Anna Leopoldovna, he pōkole Kawaihae a i mālama ai i ka theme like o ko makou noho ana. ʻaʻole loa hoʻi e nā luna o Rusia a pau i destined e make i ka make maoli. Ruthless, unchecked mana paio kekahi manawa ninini i loko o ka pōʻino e like me ka mea ma luna a mākou i kēia manawa, hoomanao ae la. Iloko o ka noho alii ana o Anna Leopoldovna komo i ka mōʻaukala o Rusia i hapa o ka manawa, haawiia keia i like me ka "Makahiki o ka punahele."