Marxist sociology: i ka papa kuhikuhi ano o

Ke ole o Marxism ma ka sociology o ka 20th kenekulia ua loa kiʻekiʻe. Karl Marx imi iho la e hana i ka pololei Pahuhopu pähola 'o ka lawelawe' ana, ka nānā 'ana ma ka mōʻaukala kūʻiʻo. Heʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo ia hakahaka.

Sociology o Marxism ma Rusia i kona iho mōʻaukala. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ko makou aina, keia ao ana ua lilo increasingly mahalo. Marxism o kekahi o ka nui mau mea o ka sociology o ka 20th kenekulia. He nui loa-ike haumana o ka lehulehu ola, e like me ka pono me economists a me nā adherents o na aʻo i hoʻokumu i ka ia. Currently, eia nui nā ma Marxism. Ma kēia 'atikala e kamaʻilio pū mākou e pili ana i nā mea i ho'ākāka' ka papa kuhikuhi o keia kumumanaʻo.

He aha ka ke kumu o Marxism

E maopopo maikaʻi ka mea he Marxist sociology, komo kumumea kona mōʻaukala. Friedrich Engels, collaborator o Karl, a me kona hoa, hōʻike 'ekolu mooolelo mea i alakaʻi ai i ka mea i ao ai. Kēia German kālaiʻike, ka 'ōlelo Palani mōʻaukala' epekema a me ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia hoʻokele waiwai kālai'āina. Main Line, i hahai Marx - panina Kelemānia kālaiʻike. Karl kaʻana kekahi o na kumu nui i ka manaʻo nui o Hegel, ninoieo ma ka mea e malu like me ka a pau ae na kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ka mea i hahai ana ka mea mamuli o kekahi i loko o kā lākou ulu. E aʻo English pili aupuni hoʻokele waiwai, Karl Kahiamoe (kiʻi ma luna) Ua wahahee i loko o kona mau kānāwai i nā hua'ōlelo o ka ia. He kaʻana kekahi o kona mau Contemporary manaʻo, i loko o 'ana, ka hana kumumanaʻo o ka waiwai. Mākou Socialists a me nā moʻolelo, mai Palani, ia aie i ka luawai-ike manaʻo, e like me ka papa paio.

Inā oluolu o ka pähola 'ana o kēia mau kānakaʻepekema a pau, Engels me Marx pono o ko lākou hoʻokō', kūpono ma ka loa hou ana - Marxism Sociology. Iki ia paha e hoakakaia like oka a hoʻokele waiwai a me ka sociological, philosophical a me ka 'ē theories mea i pili loa ua hoʻopili a pau o, i expresses ka hana kūlana mea e pono ai. Marx ka ao ana, ua hōʻike hewa, o ka Ikepili o capitalist ke kaiāulu, a me ka Contemporary. Karl hookolokolo aku la ia kona 'ole,ʻano papa hana, inevitable hou. I ka Ia manawa ia mea indisputable mea i ka Ikepili o ka muli o capitalism o ka Ikepili o ka mōʻaukala ? Acaeoey o ke kaiāulu a me ke kanaka.

Marxist hana

Ka papa hana, i hoʻohana Marxist sociology, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO hoʻoholo like me ka dialectical materialist. Keia hana ua ka nānā 'ana ma luna o kekahi mau naauao o ko ke ao nei, e like me a mea paha i qualitative loli i ke kanaka naau, a me kaʻike manaʻo o ka ano a me ka lehulehu. Mau loli i wehewehe ia ma ka paio ana o kela kūloko ma, a e ku pono ana i interrelated.

Marxist sociology hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka manaʻo - i ka mea nāna i hana, i ka mea nāna i hana. Ua Hōʻike 'o ka mea lanakila. Nolaila, ma ka ike a me ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana o ke ao nei pono e nānā' ana i ike maopopo iho, a me ka ole mai ka manao. More manaʻoi,ʻimi ana i ka 'ole o ke kanaka hui, ua pono hoʻomaka ole, mai kaʻaoʻao o ka noʻonoʻo hoʻomaopop' ana i loko o ka hāʻawi hui, akā, mai ka mōʻaukala neʻeʻana.

I ka rula o ka determinism

Marxism, kekahi o na kumu nui sociology ke hoʻomaopopo iho i ka rula o ka determinism, e like me a nohonaʻike manaʻo a me keʻano o ka hanaʻana, he mea he causal pilina. Epekema Charles loaʻa mea paakiki e kuhikuhi i nā ana hoʻohālike ka papa kuhikuhi e hoʻoholo i nā mea a pau'ē aʻe lawelawe ana a me kaʻike manaʻo. Ka mea hiki ole i loaʻa i Pahuhopu ana no keia koho. Marxist sociology hoʻopaʻapaʻa i ka aneiai (? Iecaianoaaiiie) hoahanau e e manao like ia. Karl Marx manaoio aku i ka ulu ana o ke kaiāulu - i ka loli o ke kuʻina o? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

Social ai hoʻoholo ike paka i

Social ola, e like me Marx, ua nānā 'like me ka mua mōʻaukala kūpono' ana o ke kaiāulu a me ke kaiapili-mōʻaukala kānāwai. Ka hope kanawai, ka nānā 'ana i ka makemake a me ka ike paka i ana o kanaka. People mea i hiki ke hoʻololi 'ia, akā, e hiki ke wehe ia a hakuloli ia ia. Penei, ka idealistic manaʻo i ka ulu ana o ke kaiāulu kanaka, me ka nānā 'ana i ka makemake o na kanaka, i ka mea o ka ike paka i hoʻoholo i hōʻoleʻia kāna Marxism. Ua hoʻoholo ike paka, a i ole ia.

Kanawai Marxism sociology

Karl Marx, a Friedrich Engels i he nui na makana i ka hoomaopopo ana o ka mea e e noʻonoʻo me he kumuhana o mau sociology. Kēia 'epekema, ma ko lakou manao, e kālailai i ka maoli ola o na kanaka, i ka mea a ka mea maoli nō,ʻaʻole i ka mea, lawe mai lakou ia lakou iho. Nā Classics o Marxism koi i kekahi pono ma i ke kumuhana o ka mau sociology makemake e ka hui, noʻonoʻo me ka ohi ana o kela mea hiki pili ulu ma waena o kānaka, a pili i ka ai-kapaia nōhie o Mānoa, o ke kanaka. Ma keia manao no ka pono me ka naauao o kona kumuhana o ka nui me neia wehewehena i haawiia mai e Marx like me ka pā o ke kanaka, ano, hana, lehulehu. A manawa pōkole nana aku i kela mea keia mea o lakou.

Ke ae pā o ke kanaka

Marx a me Engels, ana i ke kanaka me ka materialism kulana, imi i mea i ka likeʻole, mai ka holoholona, e hooholo. Ka mea i makemake i ka kona specificity like me ka nōhie ia e maopopo. Karl mai la i ke kanaka o ke kino ia,ʻaʻole wale nō, akā, i ka lehulehu, i mea lapaʻau i nā hua'ōlelo o ko lākou pōʻai a me ka physical lakou ola, ma ka mea o ka hana pili i ke ao nei. Ke pā like ana o ke kanaka, e like me Marx, o kana hana, manufacturing hope. He manaoio aku i kona hoʻomāhuahua ai ke ola o ke ola ana o ka nōhie. Carl kuhikuhi mai i ka wā kanaka hoʻomaka i ka paka i ka 'ikamu ka mea, e pono ai, e hoʻomaka e hoʻolaʻaʻia lā ia lakou iho, mai ka holoholona ao nei.

hana

Ano, e hai mai pehea e pili ai i ka hana sociology Marxism. Marx, a Engels ike aku la ia me he manao hana o ke kanaka, nona ma ka wehe aʻe o ka mea me ka ano. Karl mai nei i kekahi kanaka ma ka mea e hāʻawi aku i kekahi kūlohelohe waiwai i loko o ka palapala kupono no kona ola, waiho ia ma ka noi o nā koa maoli a e pili ana i kona kino. Hana ma luna o ka mea mawaho honua ma ka mea o keia neʻeʻana, hoʻololi ia, kanaka i ka mea ia manawa hoʻololi i kona mau ano. Hana, e like me Marxism, ua hana ole wale i ke kanaka, akā, i ka lehulehu. Uaʻikeʻia me ka hopena o ke pilina o kanaka, kūpono ma ka hana kaʻina.

ke ano maoli

Ka naauao o ke 'ano a me kona pilina me ke kaiāulu kanaka, e like me ka mālama'-Marxist sociologyʻano nui kēia i kekahi o na kēia waeʻano.

• idealist (ke kaiāulu kanaka, a me ka aoao maoli he poe kuokoa o kekahi i kekahi, i mea e hana ai, e like me ka mea i qualitatively okoa manaÿo);
• konaʻena materialism (a pau nohona keʻano o ka hanaʻana a me nāʻike manaʻo ma ka aoao maoli he poe malama i ka Pń kānāwai).

Akeakamai a me ka Sociology o Marxism i nema aku elua o kēia mau theories. Ka i manaoia e ao ana o Karl paipai i ka noho 'ana ma kona ano maoli, a kanaka ke kaiāulu kanaka, i ka qualitative originality. Aka hoi, aia no he pili ma waena o lākou. E wehewehe i ka 'ole a me ka hooulu ana i na kanawai o ke kaiāulu hiki ole ke ma muli wale ma liluwelo kānāwai. I ka Ia manawa, ua hiki ole i ka loa kāpae'ōlelo liluwelo aʻe, i ka mea e nānā wale n? I ka nohona.

ke kaiāulu kanaka,

Karl Marx mai la i ke kanaka ÿokoÿa o na holoholona purposeful hana hope. He ho'ākāka 'ia i ka poe (lawe i loko no o ka mea i waena o ke kanaka a me ke ano maoli ua lawe pūnao) me ka lākou o ka pili ma o nā kanaka i kekahi i kekahi, a i ka ano. Society, e like me Marx, o ke ano o ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o na kanaka, a ua nānā 'ana ma luna hoʻokele waiwai e pili ana. People hele mai ia ia e like me ka pono. Ia, aole ia e hilinai aku ma ko lakou manao.

Kekahi hiki ole ke olelo pono ole, hewa Marxist sociology. Kumumanaʻo o ka hana hōʻikeʻike i kekahi mau hiʻona o ke kaiāulu kanaka, i hoakakaia ma ka Marx, maoli lawe wahi. No laila, i kēia lā ua i pio hoihoi i loko o nā manaʻo? Aaei e Karl.

Base a superstructure

Ma kekahi hui ku waihona ipu a me ka superstructure (e like me na ao ana i Marxism pōʻai sciences). I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o kēia mau manaÿo, mākou e e noonoo.

Iki iloko o ka wahi ma a he mea i ke kākoʻo '-i? Iecaianoaaiiuo o ka mea waiwai. Ua i nā lawelawe a me kanaka ola ana o ke kanaka. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo Karlom Marksom manao like o ka paha o ke 'ano a me ke kōkua o ke kūpono hana i loko o kaiāulu. ʻepekema, ua hōʻike 'o kēia' hehee (kumumea) o? Iecaianoaaiiuo:

• hana, i mea purposive haʻawina o ke kanaka, nona ma ka hanaiia'na mai o ua poe la a me nā waiwai i loko o ke kaiāulu kanaka;
• mea o ka hana, i ka mea, o ka poe mea i loli ana e kanaka me kā lākou hana (keia hiki kekahi e koiia mai e aaioee mea, a me ka loa 'ano o nā ikepili);
• 'ano o ka hana, i mea, me ke kōkua o ka i kanaka hana ma kēia mau' ole 'ē aʻe mea o ka hana.

Ke ano o ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo nā mea a me nāʻano o ka hana. Naʻe, ka mea e wale na mea make, e like me ka loihi me kanaka e ole hoʻohui ia i kā lākou hana. No laila, e like me ka Marx kuhikuhi mai, ia mea ke kanaka - na kuleana ololi o? Iecaianoaaiiuo.

Kumu o ke kaiāulu lakou i ka mea a me ka mea o ka hana, kanaka a me kā lākou nā mākau a me ka hana ka hoao ana, e like me ka pono i ana o ka? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Social superstructure palapala a pau nā pōʻaiʻike manaʻo ka wā e hana waiwai i ikeia. I kēia mauʻike manaʻo nā ka kālai'āina a me ka loio i hui, e like me ka pono me ano o ka lawelawe ike paka i (kālaiʻike, ka hoʻomana, oe, 'epekema, pono, a no laila, ma luna o. D.).

Aneiai kumu, e like me na aʻo a Marx, e hoʻoholo i ka superstructure. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole nā kumu o ka superstructure kulanui i hoʻoholo like. Ke superstructure ma ka huli, i kekahi ole ma luna o laila. E like me aʻu i kuhikuhi Engels (Ua hāʻawiʻia ma luna o kona kiʻi), akā, ultimately hiki ke kapaia noho pilikia ole o ke kulanui i.

Mokuāhana ma a me kona 'ano apau loa

Mokuāhana ma - ia mea he Pahuhopu kaawale ana o kekahi kumuhana, mai ke kaʻina hana 'ole o kona hopena. Marx noʻonoʻo i kēia pilikia ma nui au mamuli o kana hana noa i ka ' "Philosophical moʻolelo i kākau lima", hana i ka makahiki 1844,, akā, paʻiʻia wale nō i loko o nā 30s o ka 20th kenekulia. Ma keia pepa, no ka pilikia o ke ku e ka hana ua manao like me ka walaʻauʻana ano o ka mokuāhana ma. Karl Marx hōʻike i ka loa nui hapa o ka "? Ueo-ai" (kanaka ano) o ka pono, e komo i loko o makakū, noa ka hana. Capitalism, e like me Carl, systematically pepehi i kēia pono o ka kanaka. He keia oihana ua paa ma Marxist sociology.

Ano o ka mokuāhana ma, no ka mea, Marx, na kēia:

• i ka hopena o ka hana;
• mai o ka hana kaʻina hana;
• ma kona ano maoli (ke kanaka o ke "? ueo-ai" ma ka hoohalike ana me ke kuokoa a me ka ao ke ano maoli, oia kükulu iho (lāhui) a me ke ao);
• mai ka mea ma waho ao nei (ano, kanaka).

Inā ka mea, aole i pili i ka hopena o kana hana, he pono e kekahi i ka i ana i no. Like, ina i ke kaʻina hana o ka hana (hana) aole i hui ole ia me ka hana, ka mea, o ka mea nana ka waiwai. Wale kekahi kanaka, i kapaia he exploiter, malia o keia malihini kanaka, aʻaʻole ano a me ke Akua. E like me ka hopena, he mea waiwai, a i kaupaona i nā ka sociology o Marxism.

Ano o ka mokuāhana ma (Marx), luna, hiki ke eliminated e pili ana kekahi hou hui, i makemake e hookuu mai i keʻano makeʻe a me ka selfishness. Ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, no laila, e'ōlelo aku i ka Socialists, ka poe i manaoio i ka hiki ole papa hana e hoʻi i kāpiliʻia. Karla Marksa Hair i ikeia e ua ua hoʻohana no ka hoʻokahuli aupuni mau hana. Marxist sociology pâʻani 'o ia i mau manamana nui i loko o ole wale' epekema akā, i ka mōʻaukala. Ua uaʻAʻole iʻikeʻia ana e hoʻomōhala mākou aupuni i loko o ka 20th kenekulia, ina ka Bolsheviks e lawe i kēia mau manaʻo. Ua maikaʻi a me ka hopena maikaʻi 'ole i lawe mai ai i loko o ke ola o ka sociology Soviet kanaka o Marxism, a me ka mōhaiʻai,ʻaʻole loa pakele no ia.

Ma ke ala,ʻaʻole wale nō ka Socialists hoʻohana i nā manaʻo? Aaei e Karl. Heʻoe kama'āina me ka ka olelo i loio i Marxism? Ma lalo nō o ka papa kuhikuhiE lāliʻi.

loio i Marxism

Ma ka mōʻaukala o Lūkini sociological manaʻo o ka weuweu 19th - i kakahiaka nui 20th kenekulia, he mea nui wahi ku ma ka sociology o ka loio i Marxism. Komo ka mea, hiki ke ho'ākāka 'ia me ideological a me kaʻimi naʻauao papa. He he olelo no bourgeois lokomaikai hoi o ka manaʻo. Loio i Marxism ma sociology muli o Marxist nā manaʻo. Ka mea, Uaʻano nui e pili ana i aneiai kumumanaʻo e ho'āpono aku i ka mea i ka hooulu ana o ka capitalism i loko o mākou aupuni o Hawaiʻi nei inevitable. Kona adherents kū'ē i ka ideology o populism. Ka loa kaulana 'elele o ka loio i Marxism: M. Tugan-Baranowski, Struve a me Bulgakov a me Berdyaev. Sociology o Marxism hope Hawaiʻi i ka haipule a me ka idealistic kālaiʻike.

O ka holo ana, wale olelo mākou pokole e pili ana i ke ao, hana e Charles. Sociology o Marxism a me kona mea - he palahalaha kumuhana, akā, kona kumu o manaÿo i ua hōʻike i loko o kēia 'atikala.