Mau pou-acceptor paʻa: ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka waiwai

Mau pou-acceptor hoopaa, a i kahi kūlike o paa - he ano o ka covalent hoopaa. E kuhikuhi i kiʻiona hiʻona o kēia 'ano o ka' ōlelo, ke haawi aku hōʻike kona ho okumu examples.

covalent hoopaa

E hoʻomaka, koho i ka kiʻiona hiʻona o ka hapanui o ka covalent Nine Inch hoopaa.

Ua hiki e Polar a me ka 'ole-Polar, ke kaumaha ma muli o kaʻoihana o ka huina'ine paʻa ma waena o nā'ātoma. Inā he mea kekahi hapa naeaeaa o ka huina'ine nuʻa ma ka olelo o kekahi o na nā'ātoma ia lŘlŘ Polar covalent Nine Inch hoopaa. A like kŰia mea hiki i ke kahua o ka hoopaa ma waena o ka mea ole-ke hooheheeia, kaʻokoʻa electronegativity. I ka mea, ua ho'ālaʻia, he nui naeaeaa o ka huina'ine paʻa i loko o ka olelo o ka'Ātoma me ka 'inideka kiʻekiʻe o ke EO. I ka ho okumu ana o ka hoopaa ma waena o ka mea ole-ke hooheheeia me ka hookahi cia o electronegativity i malama naeaeaa paʻa o electrons, ua kapaʻia he nonpolar e like me ka pili 'o Randy.

Ano he kumu hoʻohālike i oxygen, hydrogen,'okikene kolu a me ka phosphorus. Polar hoopaa Ua hydrochloricʻakika, ka wai, ammonia.

Aia He He kūikawā kau, hoalohaloha aku ia i hiki ke wehewehe aku ma ka helu o ka huina'ine hui i hana ai ma waena o nā'ātoma.

Haawi ia no ka pono o ka ho okumu ana o ka pili mau electrons e i ekolu kamailio ma waena o ka naikokene nā'ātoma, a laila ka multiplicity hoʻopili like i ekolu. Mau pou-acceptor hoopaa - mea he kūikawā hihia o ka Polar covalent paa, akā, ka mea, ua ea ae intermolecular AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o ka waiwai.

Hiʻona o keʻano papa hana

E hana i kaʻike mau covalent hoopaa lawa AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN ma waena o nā electrons (huina hui). Mau pou-acceptor hoopaa i hanaʻia ma ka Nine Inch ma ka paʻa o electrons, mai kekahiʻaoʻao (mai ka pou), ka ipu (noa) ma orbital o kekahi'Ātoma (acceptor). I Ina covalent Polar ( 'ole-Polar) a me ka launa pu, a me ka pou-acceptor AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o na electrons e ho'ōla lilo, he pono ole.

Education'amoniuma cation

E like me ka mea, ua hana o ka pou-acceptor hoopaa? Ano he kumu hoʻohālike o ka waiwai i haawiia mai i loko o ka papa o ke kula kiʻekiʻe kemika, i kaupalena ''amoniuma cation. E huli mai ia nui ka hoʻonaʻauao.

Naikokene, hapa o ka ammonia lātoma mea i loko o ka lima o ka pūʻulu (ka papa kuhikuhiE subgroup) o ka papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika papaʻaina. Ma kona kino mawaho, ikehu pae i elima electrons. Ma ke kahua o ka ammonia nā lātoma ma covalent linkage Polar naikokene ka hāhai ekolu electrons, no laila, i ka huina'ine mau, i ua ole komo i loko o ia ke kaʻina hana, koe ua hanaʻole.

Ka mea, ua iho la ka mea i haawi ia ia i ka pono, e hana i ka waiwai o ka pou, i ka wa e nee mai ana i ka ammonia nā lātoma me dipoles o ka wai. I ka wai ma ka hydrogen cation i kā lākou mau huina'ine, no laila, e hōʻike nō ka waiwai acceptor.

I ka manawa i ka wa a ka ammonia nā lātoma e kokoke lawa i ka hydrogen protons mai ka wai, naikokene ao iloko olaila a mau electrons huli ma ka attraction hydrogen cation, e lilo ia, he pono ole ia ia. Ka hopena o ke kahua o ka tetravalent pilina ma waena o naikokene a me ka hydrogen, ka mea, ua hilahila mau pou-acceptorʻano papa hana. Kēia ka mea i kapaia he Classic hoʻohālike o ke kahua o ke hoopaa.

Education oxonium cation

Ma ka laulā maʻamau (kumu oʻilikai) 'aʻole i manaʻo oxonium cations (hydronium) kula, me Protolytic pähola' o nā pāʻoihana ua aʻo ma ka pili pae wale. No ka mea, he mea i hoʻohana 'ia kona mau pou-acceptor hoopaa, examples o kona ho okumu i kokoke nānā.

Me kona mau pou ma keia hihia, e hana like me ka wai lātoma, a hōʻike mai i nā waiwai o ka proton acceptor. Nānā akula au i kona mau pou-acceptorʻano papa hana - ka mea, ua kapaʻia ka waihona ipu kemika o eiiieaena i huiʻia, a no ia mea, hewaʻiʻo kūikawā noonoo. He wehewehe i ka pā like kumumanaʻo electrolytic disintegration nāʻakika, paʻakai, kumu, ka wā mea hoʻoheheʻe i loko o ka wai no ka cations a me anions.

A hiki aku ia i kela kapa ia lŘlŘ pono permeation ka paa, electrons i loko o ka pā iwi o linkable nā'ātoma. Pela i ulu i loko o ka helu ana o electrons i loko o ka pā leho i kekahi.

Ka lua o ka algorithm hoopaa ho okumu

Aia o kekahiʻano papa hana ana i hana i kekahi mau pou-acceptor hoopaa. 'O kekahi mau AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN i lehulehu, ma ka like o ka kahua o ka metala fluorides. Aia mea hoʻohana no ka paʻa o ka electrons mai kekahi o ka reacting nā'ātoma. E like me ka hopena, hoʻokahi'Ātoma kō mai i ka i kā mākou nui o ko lākouʻili, akā, ma muli o ka lawe 'ana, i nā mea a pau ewalu electrons, wale i kekahi hapa o ia mau mea. O ka electrons i mea ole limahana i loko, ua kapaia noa, a me ke kōkua o nā 'ē aʻe, a hana i kekahi mau pou-acceptor hoopaa. 'O kekahi mau Lolina mau pou-acceptor hoopaa ho okumu hai aku fluorides o ka mekala' åkilikai a me kona'ākilikai honua ke hooheheeia. No ka laʻana, like me hoomakaukau paʻakai fluoride, potasiuma, kalipuna.

He aha hou aʻe i kekahi mau pou-acceptor hoopaa? E hiki ke hoomaopopo i ka pilina paʻa i huiʻia i kupu mai ma muli o ka like maomeka o ka ho okumu ana o Nine Inch i huiʻia. No ka laʻana, i ka noho male 'ana i loko o ka wai o ka hydrogen fluoride, i ka pilina ma waena o ka ammonia a me ka Aluminum koloriside, e hiki aku ai i ke kahua o ka luna' i huiʻia.

ka hopena

Haawi mai i ka noho aliʻi o kona mau pou-acceptor AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN, e hoailona oukou i ka inert kinoea e pono hana likeʻeleu nā mea hāʻawi, mahope mai o ka pā iwi i ka i kā mākou nui o electrons. Experimentally keia olelo i ua maopopo HōʻoiaʻAna I ka a me ka hōʻike 'oxides inert kinoea ua hana ma ka pou-acceptor hana kūleʻa.

Kēiaʻano o ka covalent hoopaa i ka mau mea nui i loko o kanaka ola. Ma waho aʻeo i kaʻeleu komo i loko o kona ola ku i ka pou-acceptor hoopaa ke hanaʻai o nā mea lāʻau lapaʻau hoomakaukau. No ka laʻana, ke kahuaʻano papa hana ana no ma luna pili ana i ua hoʻomano hoʻohana'amoniuma cation ho okumu o ka ammonia i loko o kēia lāʻau lapaʻau.