Mea Maluna receptors. Flavoring, pilikia makapō, nociceptors

He aha ka ka'anatomia? He He 'epekema a Pilikanaka na ano o ke kanaka kino. Mea Maluna o receptors a me stimuli pili pū kēia i ka mea o ka hahau. Pehea i ka mua pili i ka lua? It Aloha loa noonoo ole. Ma ke kino ua mau paku ole ia i keʻano nui o ko stimuli, mākou receptors pane ia ia selectively, ka mea a pau hilinaʻi nui ma luna o lākou wahi a me ka 'ole. Nā aʻalolo ho okumu ua i kapaia sensory nenoaiu, EYI o aloha makaukau no ka Central ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu.

Aia i nāʻano o nā receptors, akā, e hoʻomaka e hoomaopopo i ka makaukau no:

• Mau maka.
• Pepeiao.
• Hoohalike nā loko umekaumaha.
• 'Ōlelo.
• Ihu.
• Ili.

No ke aha la e mākou pono ai receptors

A pau i ka pono o ia 'ike i haawiia mai e ke kaiapuni. Mua o nā mea a pau ia mea e pono ai ma ka mea e hōʻike iā lākou iho me ka ai, a oi loa aku hoi i ke ku pono ana i ke keka, e hoʻopale ai ia lakou iho mai ka pilikia, a no ka kohoʻia i loko o ka lewa. A pau i kēia i nā kēia nā aʻalolo hale. Mea Maluna o receptors - ia mea he nui pukanaʻiʻo, akā,ʻaʻole ma mua o ka peahi kālailaiʻano likeʻole o ka hana ma luna o ia mau mea.

irritants

Ka mea, i hoʻolahaʻia ke kēia mau hiʻona:

• Modality.
• Adequacy.

E pili ana i ka wahi mua, ka mea mawaho stimuli maopopo ma waena o thermal, uila, me mechanical, osmotic, Nine Inch, malamalama, a me na mea e ae. Ka mea, i hiki 'ana ma nā ikaika o nāʻano, e laʻa me, thermal,ʻaʻole surprisingly, ua pū i hiki ma ka mahana, a no laila, ma luna o.

Ma waho a pau keia, ua māheleʻia ka mea, i loko o kūpono a me ka lawa ponoʻole stimuli, ia mea e pono ke kamailio i kekahi wahi hou aku.

adequacy

Importantly incredibly akamai manaʻo Fridriha Engelsa, ka poe i manaoio i ka makaukau no - keia mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE mea hana o ka lolo. He mea oiaio no, pololei, no ka mea, na mea a pau i ke ike, haha, a lohe - ia mea he kānaka apau i mākaukau no ke ano nā loko, a receptors, a me stimulation o ka i hala - keia mea i ka loiloi mua 'ana o ka mea ma waho o ke ao nei e ike ana. No ka laʻana, i ka hana o ka ho'āʻoʻana nā'ōpuʻu , ua haha aku, i ka wa a ke haha aku i ka ai ho'āʻo iho au i (ʻawaʻawa, palemo iho,ʻawaʻawa paha meaʻala), maka ae hookaawale o receptors hoolilo ia iā mākou i ka pono o ka malamalama, a me ka nele ia mau mea.

Ke stimulus ia i ka mea loaʻa ua hakuloli, ua kapaia kūpono. A hoʻohālike maikaʻi maoli malama 'ōlelo receptors. I ka waiho i loko o ka waha o kekahi waiwai ke haha aku i ka ho'āʻoʻana, e like me ka awaawa, palemo iho, ono oleʻawaʻawa. maka i ka retina ka hopuʻia malamalama nalu, no laila, ua ike i ka malamalama ka ma.

inadequacy

mea loaʻa ka waiwai i loa like, akā, e olelo ana e pili ana i ka inadequacy o stimuli hiki ke hōʻike 'ia penei: ma lalo o ka aoao o ka ikehu i ka i ka mea loaʻa ua i hoʻomākaukau, i kapaʻia mailuilu haalele hapa ka waiʻona ma ke, e like me ka wā kūpono stimulation. Ano he kumu hoʻohālike i uila hawewe, a Nine Inch ae hookaawale.

Inā ka retina ua loaa ma paʻi stimulation, ma laila e ia i ka manao o ka malamalama, he kŰia i kapaia "phosphenes". A i 'ole e loaa ana ka uila nń i loko o ka pepeiao, ua hiki ke lohe i ka leo, akā, he mechanical e hoʻokō' ole 'hiki iʻaiʻana.

Mea Maluna o receptors: physiology

Me ke kahe o stimuli ua maopopo, ua manawa ua noho like nui pukana. E maopopo i kaʻano papa hana o ka hana o ka mea loaʻa Mea Maluna mea nui. E hoʻomaka disassemble i kekahi mea o ka rula o ka 'ole o ke kanaka sensory nenoai, koho i ke kumu o mana, e ka kamaʻilio e pili ana i ka hoʻololiʻana. Mua o nā mea a pau, ma ka 'ano o ka mea loaʻa Mea Maluna ninoieo o ke kēia:

• Pain receptors.
• Puaʻa pūkoʻa a.
• Receptors e kau i ke kulana o ke kino a me kona wahi i loko o ka lewa.
• I ka lohe ana.
• Tactile.
• Olfactory.
• ʻai.

Kēia mea,ʻaʻole ka mea wale Mea Maluna o receptors, ma ka hou ana i kēia mauʻano o ke kaawale ana a me ka kala o na ano. No ka laʻana, IIeEeAIEUAA (kūloko ma, a mawaho), i ke ano o ka hui 'ana (ka leo a me ka mamao), iniiaiie a me nā haumāna.

Mawaho receptors i kuleana no ka hālāwai hoʻolohe manaʻo, maka, nā dudima, nano a me kaʻaiʻana. O na kauoha o ka musculoskeletal'ōnaehana a me ka moku'āina o na nā loko.

Lua o ka paukū, ua hōʻike 'mākou i nā kēia mauʻano o nā receptors: mamao, i ka, poe e huai ae i ka peahi ana i ka mamao (hihio a lohe), a me nā hui' ana e noi aku i ka hui 'ana, e like meʻaiʻana.

Me ka pili ana i ka kaawale ana o iniiaiie, a kiʻekiʻe, ka mea mua pūʻulu nā poe i hoohuli i ka stimulation ka lāʻau ikiʻai i loko o ka mua neuron (laʻana: ke ano o ke ala), a me ka lua o ka - ka halepaahao me ka mea loaʻa (Laʻana: ho'āʻoʻana a me ka maka).

'ole

Inā ka 'ole o ke kanaka receptors mākou noonoo, e mea hiki ke kālā līkaia no ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina e like me:

1. A iiiaanoaa o ka halepaahao papa, oa: ko mākou hopohopo mea loaʻa ua hoʻopili i ka mua halepaahao, ahu iho, a me ka hope, ahu iho o ke alakaʻi mele i ka cerebral cortex a oi kaʻoi loa i kona Hawaii neuron mau mea. Kēia hiʻona apono 'He kiʻekiʻe loa ka māmā aaioee o hoʻopā ai no lepa hoʻokō' ia ma ka mua, ahu iho nenoaiu.
2. No ka pololei a me ka pono o ka EYI o nā aʻalolo mau lepa a hoakaka multipathing. E like me ia i ho'ākāka 'ia ma ka hope paukū, ka mīkiniʻimi'ōnaehana i ka ai iiiaanoaa o ka papa, a me ka mea, ma ka huli i mai i kekahi mau na umi o na tausani kekahi mau miliona o aeee i hoʻolele' ike i ka mea e hiki mai ana, ahu iho ai i. Eia kekahi, i kēia hiʻona hoʻolako pono a me ka piha Ka Ikepili o ka neaiaea.
3. I ka ho okumu ana o craters. No ka laʻana, noonoo na receptors o ka retina. Ma ka retina ia iho, ma laila nō hoʻokahi haneri a me kanakolu miliona o receptors, akā, i loko o ka papa o ka miliona,ʻekolu haneri tausani ganglion keena, i mea hoʻokahi haneri manawa uuku. Mākou ke i aku nei au i ka mea, ua hou funnel. He aha ka kona ano? All hoʻokali kūpono 'ike ua eliminated, akā, ma ka kēia kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao ua hana widening funnel, i hoakaka hoʻokāʻoi neaiae Ka Ikepili.
4. Differentiation hoʻopapakū a horizontally. Ka mua ka paipai 'ana i ke kahua o ka oihana, oia hoi o ka papa, a hana i kekahi kuleana pili i kekahi. Ka lua ua pono ai no na keena, e mahele i loko o nā papa i loko o ka ia, ahu iho. No ka laʻana, lawe i ka hihio, ka mea hana pono mau auwai a, i lawe mai i ko lakou hana ma naʻano likeʻole.

mea loaʻa kuleana pili i

Mea kālailai i kapaia i kekahi hapa o ka'emi'ōnaehana i oia no kekahi mau oihana mua: i ka kaʻimiʻana, nā aʻalolo mau kuamoo, a me na hapa o ka lolo.

a pau ekolu eiiiiiaiou i:

1. Receptors.
2. Guides.
3. o ka lolo.

Kā lākou hana e like me kanaka, i ka mea, o ka muaʻapo pū aku ana lepa, i ka lua o ka alakaʻi iā ia i ka lolo, a me ke kolu kālailai 'ikepili. Ua Ua holo ka pau'ōnaehana ma ka lōkahi, e hōʻoia 'kuhikuhi i ka maluhia o kanaka, a me na mea e noho ana.

papaʻaina

Mākou e kaumaha i ka kahińuli i ka papa kuhikuhiE hiʻona o ka holoʻokoʻa mīkiniʻimi'ōnaehana, no keia haawi aku mākou i ka papaʻaina.

waiwai receptors

E hoʻokolokolo hou. Ano, e pono e kuhikuhi i ka papa kuhikuhiE waiwai o ka mea loaʻa. Ka mua mākou e kahea aku i ka selectivity. Ka mea o ia ka hapanui o na kanaka mea loaʻa ua kauoha eʻae i kekahi wale 'ano o ka hoailona, e like me ka malamalama, a kani, ka mea, ua nui loa susceptible i kēia mauʻano o no lepa, pā lonoaʻili ka'āina kiʻekiʻe. Ka mea loaʻa Ua pīhoihoi wale nō i loko o ka hanana e huai ae i ka palena iki hoailona no ka mea i hoʻolaunaʻia i ka manaʻo o "excitation paepae."

Ka lua o ka waiwai ua pololei ua hoʻopili i ka mea mua, a me ka mea kani, e like me ka haʻahaʻa paepae waiwai no ka mea kūpono stimuli. No ka laʻana, lawe i ka hihiʻo i ka hopuʻia i ka palena iki hoailona, i mea e pono e hoʻa'ā i ka mililika me ka wai ma kekahi degere Kelekia like ka nui me kanaono tausani makahiki. Pela, ke naoh mea hiki a me ka lawa ponoʻole stimuli e like me uila, a me mechanical, ia? Ueony, niioaaonoaaiii wale no, a me ka paepae mea nui kiʻekiʻe. Kaawale mai ka keia, loaʻa nō nāʻano o nā papa mānoanoa.

• loa,
• unuhi.

Mua e hoʻoholo i ka mea haahaa waiwai, ike iho la ia ma ke kino, oiai ka la mahope e leie aku mākou eʻike i keʻano o ka hoʻomālamalama, malu o okoa'ōniʻoniʻo, a no laila, ma luna, i ka mea, i ka likeʻole ma waena o nā stimuli elua.

Kekahi mea pono o nā meaola e noho ana ma ka honua, - i ka hoʻololiʻana. A me ko makou sensory nenoai e ke hakuloli i mawaho ana.

ka hoʻololiʻana

Kēia kaʻina komo ai,ʻaʻole wale na receptors o sensory nenoai, akā, a pau o kona papa. Pehea ke ano o keia hana? Loa wale, ka excitation paepae, a mākou i olelo mua, keia mea,ʻaʻole he ikaika. A me ka hoʻololiʻana ka mea, hoʻololi i, e emi ikepili koʻikoʻi i ka ikaika irritant. Anei oe i ka hale kiai? Oe e ole e lohe i kā lākou mau loa ticking, no ka mea, o kou receptors (i loko o keia lohe ana hihia) e emi ikepili koʻikoʻi i ka haawiia mai stimulus. A me ka 'ē aʻe stimuli manawa-e hoopau ana a me ka monotonous ua ulu mākou e hoʻonele.

Ka hoʻololiʻana keʻano o ka hanaʻana hoopuniia ole wale nā'ōpuʻu akā, i nā wahi a pau o sensory nenoai. Ka hoʻololiʻana o kaʻike ākea hehee ua hoikea mai oia, i ka mea e receptors excitation paepae i ole ikaika. Ma ka hoʻoulu i nā waihona waiwai o ka excitation, 'ole. E. ho'ēmi i mea loaʻa pā lonoaʻili, he mea i ka hoʻololiʻana i ka lōʻihi monotonous stimuli. No ka laʻana, he kanaka 'aʻole i haha aku i ka ikaika puʻe ma luna o kaʻili o kona mau kapa, i ole hai ka ana ticking o ka huahelu.

Receptors a tonic pae

E noke i ka receptors a pau e māheleʻia i loko o:

• koke adapting,
• lohi adapting.

A me ka mea mua, i kapa pae haawi pane e stimuli i wale i ke kumu, a ma ka hopena o kona ho'ōia, akā, i ka lua o ka (tonic) hoouna aku ana lepa i ko kakou Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana ma ka manawa 'ano lōʻihi o ka manawa.

Nō Pono e ike i ka hoʻololiʻana hiki e ukali ma nā he mahuahua, a me ka emi ma excitability o ka mea loaʻa. No ka kumu, ke manao wale ia oe e hele mai ka malamalama i loko o ka pouli lumi, ma keia hihia, he mea he mahuahua ma ka excitability, mua oe i ike i ka naauao ana mea, a wale laila uala eleele. Ka aʻe hihia, ina ke hoʻololi i ka malamalama, ua pau i ka 'aoʻao o "ka malamalama eha i kou mau maka" pouli maluna, ua schurimsya aie i ka mea i i kukulu hou ia mākou receptors, a me ka mea emi ka excitability o ko mākou photoreceptors ua hanaia ai-kapa pouli ka hoʻololiʻana.

hooponopono

He nui ka ike i kanaka ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu Ua hiki hoi ke hooponopono, mea a pau hilinaʻi nui ma luna o kou mau pono ma ka haawi manawa. Inā ke kanaka standstill opa helu kuhi puke i physical hana, i ka pā lonoaʻili o receptors (musculoskeletal'ōnaehana) maoli he dramatically. No ke aha la ka mea pono? I mea e kōkua i ka pokole o ka 'ike e pili ana i ka moku'āina o ka musculoskeletal nenoaiu. Eia kekahi, i hou i ka ka hoʻololiʻana kaʻina hana ke loli receptors a me nā ē aʻei kūpono. No ka laʻana, lawe i ka pepeiao ina ua laila hoʻololi i ka hoʻololiʻana, a me ka ka hoʻoneʻe o ka puu elua, e like me:

• hāmare,
• kua,
• stapes.

Ia mea, i ka auditory ossicles o ka waena pepeiao.

mea, ua ulu

Hōʻuluʻulu i ka keia, mākou e hou koho i kāna mau 'ōlelo oihana o ko mākou mīkiniʻimi nenoai: neaiae ka loaʻaʻana, hoʻokae' ole, hoʻololi 'ana i kekahi ano o ka ikaika i loko o kekahi (nā aʻalolo impulse), ka EYI neaiaea hoohuliia mai i loko o nā papa o ka mīkiniʻimi nenoai, iaia o nā kiʻi. Key hiʻona i like kēia mau 'ikamu: selectivity, haahaa paepae o ka pane i kūpono stimuli, i ka hiki e ke hakuloli i ke kaiapuni. Mākou i noonoo ia nui 'ikamu like me ka' ole a me ka Mea Maluna o sensory nenoai, ka Mea Maluna o kekahi mau kailaʻae o stimuli, ka hoʻololiʻana.