Mokulele akamai Igor Sikorsky: Kawaihae, hana

I kēia lā, Sikorsky Igor Ivanovich embodies i ka holomua 'ana o ka nui ano ekolu o kēia mokulele. I ka nui eha-engine mokulele, kanaka nunui lele waapa, a multipurpose helicopters, i hoʻokani kūlana nui i loko o ka ulu ana o ka maunakea, ikea mai la i ke aloha i ke ano akamai o ka kaʻao mokulele.

Igor Sikorsky: Kawaihae

Maunakea paionia ka mea i hanau May 25, 1889 ma Kiev, Ukraine (laila, - ka Russian aupuni a pau). Kona makua kāne, Ivan, ua he kahuna lapaau a me Kumu o kaʻike manaʻo. Mother pū i ka 'inikua degere, akā, ke hana i ole, ua komo nō. Sikorskiy Igor Ivanovich aupuni 'ē aku o ko lākou manaʻo' ia paha - kona mau kūpuna mai nā lā mai o Peter I mea he lawehana no o ka Lūkini Orthodox Church, nolaila, ka mea, ua Lūkini. Kekahi o kona mau mua Memories o ka moʻolelo o ka makuwahine ho'āʻo nei i Leonardo nā Vinci e manao mokulele. Mai ia manawa, i ka moe o ka lele ana hoopio i kona manaʻo, hoʻowahāwahā i ka mea e oia pinepine ae la oia kamaʻilio e pili ana i mea hiki ole e hooiaio ia. Eia hoi, i ka makahiki o ka 12 makahiki, Igor Sikorsky kūkulu i kekahi kükohu helekopa. Hana ana ma luna o ka ikaika o hilo laholio ka poe hao wale, me nā hale ala i loko o ka lewa. Ano, ua ike no ke keiki i kona moe ua i paakiki fiction.

mea hoʻokomo aku i ka hele ana

A mau makahiki ma hope, ka wā Igor a me kona makua kāne i kau mai ana iluna ma Germany, oia aʻo o ka mua airship OOOXO apo akuk ai ma ke Kauna av Zeppelin. He heluhelu no hoi e pili ana i ka holomua holo ana o ka Wright hoahanau, a ua luku aku ia e ka mea i ka nupepa i hōʻike 'ia ka nui e piʻi like ma ka liʻiliʻi puka ma kaʻaoʻao hope. I ia manawa, Sikorsky ua hoʻoholo ihola i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā i kona ola, e maunakea. Kona mau 'manao ua e kūkulu i kekahi mea e hiki hover ma kekahi wahi a lele i loko o kekahi makemake ala - ka helekopa.

He hoomaka koke e lawe mai lākou ia mea i loko o kaʻuʻuku hokele lumi, e pili ana i ka epaepa huila, a ana kona eaʻe. Ma ka hoi ana i Kiev Igor hoolei Polytechnic Institute, a hoomaka nui noiʻi i loko o ka pukaʻana mau o ka 'epekema. He uaʻaʻole he iwakālua,ʻo ia iā ia he ohohia nui, a me ka hailona o ka manaʻo, akā, wahi mea hiki ka hoao ana a me ke kala.

School o aeronautics

Igor Sikorsky koke aku la i Paris, e kūʻai i ka engine a me na wahi e ae no kona helekopa. Aia, ma ka kūloko Airfield, i ke ala ana o ke ahi o Diosekouro ka aila a me ka imperfect ano, mua Ke Ana Hoʻohālike o ka mokulele, ho'āʻo ana e lele, haʻalele ka indelible hoailona ma luna o konaʻuhane. Soon Sikorski hui i ka lānai hou hana, hoomaikai ka hoʻomaʻamaʻa Palani aeronautics kula, nae, eager haumāna i i kiʻi i kekahi manawa, e komo i loko o ka lewa. I ka kūʻai i ka ekolu-paukūʻolokaʻa Anzani engine, oia halawai Louis Bleriot, ka mea i kuai i ka engine no kona hou monoplane. A mau pule ma hope, he koa Bleriot komo aku la i ka mōʻaukala o ka maunakea, i ka mua holo ana ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia Channel. Kēia mōʻaukala hanana nui loli i ka hou 'ana o ka maunakea.

Ka mua manao

By hapalua like-1909, Igor Sikorsky pau i kona helekopa mua. Akā,ʻaʻohe mea i ka nui o kona mau pālua loan-kaʻapuni epaepa huila ma ka lewa, ua i hōʻike i ka mokuna o ka iki ana e neʻe. Sikorski hope kukulu i biplane, a ma Iune o ka hookahi makahiki ia hoalaia mai kekahi mau mika i loko o ka lewa. E like me ia i ka hoao ana i ka pomaikai no ka poe a pau he umikumamalua kekona. Ma ke kēia mau mahina, Igor hana'ē aʻe prototypes i ia i pōkole holo a me ka pinepine wawahi ia, i ua ole uncommon i loko o nā lā kakahiaka o ka maunakea. Akā,ʻo ia ka hoʻohana 'ana i kūkulu i ka undamaged māhele like penei, iaono? Ienoai kükohu. Sikorski i pauaho a ma ka hoʻokō 'ole' mua, no ka mea, o ka hailona aʻo e pili ana i ka helekopa a me ka mea, uaʻike pono ia ina ole ukali ma ka mokulele, i ka kekahi mea e ia ma hope ona, a mau loa akuʻoiaʻiʻo e soar.

iaia

Ma ke kakahiaka wai 1910, e hoao i ka lua o ka lalani rotorcraft ia i hoomakaukauiaʻi, ma i hana tirelessly Sikorski. Ke helekopa ua like paakiki me kona mea nāna i hana. Perseverance akamai ua admirable, akā,ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hele mai la a hiki i ka hopena kaumaha e pahaʻo ia i mua o kona manawa, a e kūkulu i kahiko mokulele.

No ka nui makahiki, Sikorsky mokulele o ka oihana, aole nalowale mua o kona moe, e kūkulu i kaʻoiaʻiʻo holomua helekopa. Koke ae la ia ia i ka palapala puka o ke kahu moku, o ka aeroclub imperial All-Rusia, a koaʻoihana kaʻa kokoke Kiev i hōʻike ai kona C-5. Ka I mokulele halawai Tsar Rotehama II. Next kükohu C-6A loaa ka mea kiekie loa ia nā kumu kāki i ke ea hōʻike ma Moscow. Akā, He nīnūnē hana 'ia, ka wā, no ka mea, o ka mosquito puka liiiU wahie laina, a me Sikorsky i kiola ia e ka pilikia pae, huli mai e e ona.

"Ilya Muromets" - pelane kanaka nunui

Kēia hana 'alakaʻi i ka mokulele i ka manao o ka hoʻoulu i ka pono o ka mokulele ma ka hoʻohana' ana i mau kiko'ī - i kekahi a me ka'ano'ē manaʻo i ka manawa. Sikorski i manaoia e kūkulu i kekahi eha-engine biplane nunui (no ka manawa) ka nui. Ke pelane Ua inoa kapakapa "Luna". Ma mua o ka mokulele ua he nui foxmike lānai. A roomy ohua pahu aia ma ke kua o ka cockpit.

Ma May 1913 ka mokulele hoʻokō kona mua hoʻokolohua mahuka ana. Kēia holo ana i kekahi manawa, o ka nui kino uku pānaʻi, e like me na mea he nui Sikorski aku la ia ia i ka nui mokulele hiki ole lele. Kona manaoio i loko o kā lākou mau manaʻo a me ka manao, e pili ana i kā lākou mau hilinaʻi E hāʻawi pahaneri. Tsar Rotehama II hele mai e nānā i ka "Luna", a no ka hooulu ana o ka mea mua eha-engine mokulele mokulele akamai i hōʻike mai iā ia i ke kii o ka wati. Hoʻoikaikaʻia e Sikorsky kūkulu kekahi ahiahi nui mokulele, Pani 'ōlelo' "Ilya Muromets". Ke pelane i ka hamama uapo ma luna o ka fuselage, ma ke koa ohua ke ku a nanea i kaʻikena ma lalo nei. Big moku i ka waiʻona ma loko o ka pūʻali koa, a me ka poeikohoia o ka Russian Moana hiki aku ma Petrograd, e nānā paha, i hoʻolako pono me pontoons.

Ka mua World

Ma hope iho o ka kīmopō o ka'Aukekulia Archduke Manuela Ferdinand Rusia ua lepo i loko o ka First World War. "Ilya Muromets" Ua lilo iho i loko o ka bomber, a lilo iho la ia i ke kumu o ka Lūkini ea kūpono 'ku e na kēia kanaka Kelemānia. I huina, ka mokulele komo i loko o oi ma mua o 400 ka holo ana, a me ka wale kekahi i poino e Anati-mokulele ke ahi. A hiki i ka 1917 o ka Bolshevik kipi kahili ae i ke aupuni a pau, ua hoʻoholo ihola e haʻalele i ke aupuni mākou moʻolelo meʻe. I ke kauwela o 1918, Sikorskiy Igor Ivanovich, nona ka 'ohana o kona noho ana i loko o Rusia, waiho a pau kino a pau, hele aku la ia Paris, kahi i lilo ai i ka manao i ka nui bomber no ka Air Service United States Army. Akā, i ka pau ana o ke kaua i lawe mai ai i ka hopena i kana hana. A mau mahina ma hope, oia emigrated i ka US, Sikorsky e hooko i ka moe o kona ola. Ma kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia,ʻo ia, aohe hoa a me ke kala. Akā,ʻo ia, ua hooeueuia lakou, no ka mea aʻu i manao ia ma keia aina kanaka me ku ka honua i ka manawa o ka pomaikai.

Ka 'Amelika moe

Ma hope o ka pōkole manawa ia i hana i loko o ka huakai "McCook Field" i loko o Dayton, Ohio, kōkua e kūkulu i kekahi Naha Pōhaku-bomber. Akā, i ka wa o ka mokulele i noʻonoʻo i ka make lala o ka hana, aʻaʻole loaʻaʻoihana Sikorski hoi i New York. Aole nae i loaa i ka 'oihana i loko o ka maunakea hana, hoomaka ae la oia lecturing no Lūkini nā meaʻeʻe moku ma ka makemakika a me ka kilohōkū. I ka Ia manawa,ʻo ia i hele ai i nā Airfield, a, Nani nānā malihini airplanes. Igor hoomaka ae la e haʻi'ōlelo ma ke kumuhana o ka maunakea, a hoʻopaʻa i ka waiwai i ka wa pono, e hoʻi i kona mau punahele kumu. Sikorsky hoʻomohala i nā māhoe-engine kalepa mokulele, hiki no e hali ana i 12 a hiki i 15 ohua - o ka mua o kaʻiʻo nō o kēia airliner.

mua 'Amelika

Ma hope o loaa i ke koi 'ia dala, Sikorsky hoomaka ae la ka hana o ka mokulele i loko o ka halepapaa o ke nā manuʻaiʻia mahiʻai ma Long Island. Akā, ua i nā wahi a pau,ʻaʻole lawa ka kala, a me ka ia i hoʻohana i ka hailona o ke kupono eiiiiiaiou mai kūloko landfills. Nā kiko'ī he kahiko, ka First World War. Eia hoi, i ka nui Lūkini haku mele Sergei Rachmaninoff hoopakele, e like 'iaE i loko o ka nui o ka $ 5,000. I ka ua makaukau no kona mua ho'āʻo auhee ai hoi ka hou mokulele, hoakoakoa ae la ka mokulele ewalu kānaka kōkua ma luna o ka moku. Igor Sikorsky ua ike ia i ka hewa, akā, au hiki ole ke hoole mai ia. Ma hope o ke kali hoʻomaka nā kiko'ī moku, a me Igor i ka pilikia pae, na'lii ā 'inoʻino kekahi i ka mokulele. Ia mea i keia i ka hopena. Akā, Sikorski loa nei aʻo,ʻaʻole e hāʻawi mai, a ma hope o kekahi mau mahina hoihoi hou ia i ka pelane, i kapaʻia ka C-29-A. Leka "A" 'aneʻi pili ia i ka hua'ōlelo "Amerika". C-29-A ua surprisingly maikai mokulele, hoʻopaʻa i ka pomaikai kālā o ka poʻe Sikorsky. Aviator Roscoe Turner i kuai i ka mokulele, e lawe mai ka pololei, a me kaʻo Samuel hoʻii. Hope o ka mokuna i hoʻohana 'ia paha me ka lele cigar hale kūʻai.

I ka 1926, i ka holoʻokoʻa maunakea honua ua pīhoihoi e pili ana i ka makana i loko o ka nui o $ 25.000, a i manaoia e na kanaka mua i hana thro holo ma waena o New York a me Paris. Sikorski Ua noi e kūkulu i ka nui ekolu-engine biplane no ka Palani kaua meʻe Rene Fonck,? Oaony e loaa i kekahi makana. Ka luina i loko o ka wikiwiki a me ka mea hope, hoomakaukau mua o ka pauʻana o ka holo hoao. Ma takeoff overloaded mokulele hoʻoneʻe ma ka ho okumu ana. Ma wale i kekahi mau kekona, kipa aʻela ia i loko o ka ahi inferno. Fonck 'aneʻane paʻa pakele, akā, mau moa lala i make. ʻaneʻane koke kekahi koa Farani kena kekahi mokulele i ka lua o ka manawa, e ho'āʻo e kiʻi i ka makana. Akā, ma mua ia i kūkulu,ʻaʻole ike Charles Lindbergh pau i kona 'Akelanika holo ana ma ka Moana, e loaa i ka makana a me ka mahalo ana o miliona o kanaka.

"Ka 'Amelika clipper"

Once hou, o ka poe Sikorsky ia e kaua ana no kona ku mau. A laila, hoʻoholo la ia e kūkulu i ka māhoe-engine amphibian. Ke pelane ua loa he mea hiki, a ike loea, a me Sikorsky hanaia i ka'auwaʻa o ka mokulele. Kokoke koke, me ka ipu American Airlines hoʻohana i nā amphibians no ka hana o ka hou ea? Ooia ma Central a me Amerika Hema.

Soon Sikorski i oi kauoha ma mua o ka mea hiki ke hoʻokō. He ana aʻei ka lehulehu, a kukulu iho la i ka hou hola i loko o Stratford, Conn. A makahiki ma hope, i ka huakai lilo i lilo loa nona hui ma lalo "United mokulele Inc". Sikorsky kaumaha e kükulu i kekahi palapala nunui seaworthy amo mokulele i pā nō wau, ua lilo ia he paionia i loko o ke kula o ka māhū-oceanic amo a. Kilohana "American Clipper" o ka lua o ka hou 'ano o ka mokulele, mokulele akamai hana. Ke Ana o ka mokulele Ua kokoke alua i ka nui o nā mokulele i ka manawa. I ka pau ana o 1931, ma hope o Mrs. Gerbert Guver "kea" "Clipper", Charles Lindbergh i ka mea mua i holo mai Miami a hiki i Panama Canal.

Ua nui lele moku i ka mua o ka moʻo o ka like aparata i wālua i ka US ea? Ooia ma ka moana. Mawaena o ka mea momona a ua ka C-42, i i pau i ka makahiki 1934, a he maikaʻi loa 'ano i hoʻohana' Lindbergh no ka lā i 8 honua mooolelo no ka wikiwiki, a me ka huahelu payload! Ma hope koke, pa no lele moku hoʻohana e wehe i ke ea nā loulou ma waena o ka US a me Argentina. Eono mahina ma hope, kekahi "Clipper" lele mai o Alameda, California, a wehe ae la i ka lewa ala hele i Hawaii. Kēia i ukali ia e kekahi ea? Ooia ma ka Pacific i New Zealand. I ka 1937, kekahi "clipper" i ka mua maʻamau holo ana ma ka 'Akelanika' Ākau. Ano, ua hana ka nui transatlantic mokulele Sikorsky i kalepa halihali ma nā ka papa kuhikuhiE moana.

Manu Kikaha 'Olu

I loko o kēia mau makahiki a pau o ka holomua mokulele poʻe akamai Igor Sikorsky, aole poina i kona makemake, e kūkulu i ka mea hiki helekopa. He loa ia, manao iho la no ia me ka maalea, e makemake ana ia mea, ua i ka moe,ʻo ia i makemake e lawe mai i ke ola hou ma mua o kekahi mea e ae. I ka 1939, Sikorsky hope ihola i ka pahu hopu o kona ola ana, ua ulu ka mua maoli helekopa. Akā, no ka mea, ua mau ka pilikia loa hou a me ka paʻakikī i ke akamai i ka i hoʻolaʻaʻia lā iā ia iho i ka hoʻoponopono ia. Ua ua he hana nui loa i hea aku i kona manao, ikehu a pau a me ka makemake i ka lele. Akā, i kēia e piʻi like ua i kona manawa i hou ia ma ka verge o hou i ka 'aʻa, a no laila, lōʻihi ka moe o Sikorsky. Ke helekopa ua kekahi 'aoʻao pilikino manao mokulele no maluna o ekolu makahiki. A me ka manawa, i loko o ka luawai o ka 1939, hoomaka ae la oia i kona manao, ka hoʻohana 'ana i nā manaʻo loaa i nā mea a pau i kēia manawa. By September ua makaukau no ka ho'āʻo mua i ka pa alima. Ka mīkini i kekahi papa, a me na ia liilii hoʻohewa i ka pau ana o ka hapa omo o ka fuselage - e counteract ikehu. A eia hoi, e hoʻohana i ka hanana'ōnaehana o hoʻololi i ka huina o ka epaepa huila kōmi 'ana i kuapo. Ma kekahi incredibly pōkole eono-mahina kōā o ka manawa ia i ua lanakila kekahi o ka intractable pilikia o ka maunakea.

Stitch i ka manao i ka 1941. Sikorskiy Igor Ivanovich haawi aku i ka mooolelo mua o ka lōʻihi like 'ole o ka holo - 1 hola 5 minuke a me 14 kekona. Mau lā ma hope, i hoʻolako pono me nā huina lāʻau lana, o ka mīkini ke hoʻoili nā ma ka'āina, a ma luna o ka wai. A Sikorski i kona mau kolu nui na makana i ka maunakea hookomo i ka moe ana o ka malihini e lele mīkini, a e hookauwa hou lea hana i ka manaʻo kanaka, a holoʻokoʻa i hele mai i ke ao nei a me kona kūlana maneuverability i loko o ka lewa. A, i ka helekopa e ia he kia hoʻomanaʻo i ke kanaka me ka unwavering manaoio ma ka moeuhane nui, a hiki aku pakiko-paulele ana, i 'ae' e hiki i ka pahu hopu.

Sikorskiy Igor Ivanovich, ka hana mea hou i hana muaʻole o i haʻalele i kekahi 'hoailona ma ka mōʻaukala o maunakea, make iho la o Okatoba 26, 1972.