Nā kumu o ka Lūkini-Turkish kaua (1877-1878 GG.) A o kona hopena

Lehulehu kumu o ke kaua Lūkini-Turkish (1877-1878 GG.) Alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻomaka o ka puali kaua ma waena o nā aupuni aʻelua ma luna o ka Balkan Peninsula. He ua nui mea hoʻomaoe no ka Slavic lāhui kanaka o ka aina.

perennial confrontation

E noonoo pono i na kumu o ka Lūkini-Turkish kaua (1877-1878 GG.), Ua pono e olelo mai la i ke kaua ma waena o kēia mau mana ua ai elemakule a me ka hohonu i na regular makaukau confrontation lilo i Logical hoomau o ka hakakā kenekulia-kahiko ma waena o ke aliʻi, a me ke Suletana. Mai laila, i loko o ka XVII kenekulia, mau Hawaii, he mau e like me ka palena, ka mea mau kaua ma ka aina a me ka waiwai.

Ma keia ka hakakā Tureke pinepine ae la oia i ae mai i pio, a haawi mai Romanov hou panalaau - .. Ukrainian hehi, i ka Moldavian na'lii, etc. ke koe i loko o ka Crimean Kaua o 1853-1856, i ka wa a ka Ottoman aupuni a pau ma ke akea kākoʻo i ka Europa mana Western, makau i ka excessive hoʻoikaika 'ana o Rusia. . Ma Rotehama I make prematurely ma na aoao mai ka mea naʻau turmoil pili me kona koa pio.

Ke Keiki a ka mea i make ke aliʻi, Alexander II ua hiki ke hoopau i ke kaua me ke kōkua o ke alahula mau kalaiaina pono 'ana, e hele ana ma luna nui concessions i kaʻenemiʻahahui. Akā,ʻo ke Kuikahi o 1856 i assurances i ke koko e e hoʻomaka hou. hope hou i nā kumu o ke kaua Lūkini-Turkish (1877-1878 GG.) Alexander i na makahiki, e hele i ka confrontation me ka Ottoman aupuni a pau.

Wale o ka Balkan Slavs

Ma hope iho o ka pau ana o ka Crimean War, i loko o kekahi o nā kumu o ka Paris Pilimehana kuikahi, Tureke hoʻohiki i ka like ana o ka Muslim a me ka Karistiano ka heluna o ka aina. Ua i kekahi o ka loa huʻiʻokoʻa ma waena o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, a me ka koena oʻEulopa.

Na Kauai he Nā Poʻe Isalama, akā, ma luna o ka Balkan panalāʻau o ka moku'āina noho Slavic oo - Serbs, Croats, Montenegrins a me ka Bulgarians. mau kanaka a pau hooia Kristiano. Penei, i ke kaua ma waena o lākou, a me nā lāhui kanaka titular apo ole wale i ke aupuni, akā, i confessional külana.

Ke kumu o ke kaua Lūkini-Turkish (1877-1878 GG.) Ua kaʻoi loa o ka kaiʻewaʻewa kulana o ka Bulgarians. Nana All Balkan Slavic kanaka ma ke alii o St. Petersburg like me ka hoopakele ae o kona pomaikai ma luna o ka papa 'aelike, a noi i kona kōkua.

Mākou hiki ole ke olelo i ke Suletana, a me kona aupuni, ma ke kua o ka ikaika Kristiano e ku e ia. Naʻe, ka moku'āina uaʻalo ia i kāna hana i loko o ke aupuni ma kona manamana lima, a i ole pale Nā Poʻe Isalama hoonele i ka Bulgarians a me nā lāhuiʻuʻuku.

I ka hoʻomaka o ka XIX kenekulia mai Tureke "Wāwahi" Greece. Ke aupuni loaa kona kuokoa ma hope o makahiki o ko koko kaua. Akā, ma ka makahiki i hahai i ka Ottoman aupuni a hoomau iho la oia i ka pāʻana i kekahi mau wahi ma kahi e loaʻa nō nō Helene i noho ai.

No ka mea, o keia, ma ka 1860s ma ka mokupuni o Kerete i liberation uprising, i i brutally uhi pū. Penei, i ke kumu o ke kaua Lūkini-Turkish o 1877-1878. Ua waiho kaʻoi loa i loko o ka mea ana ka Ottoman aupuni a hiki ole nei i loko o kona mua palena, oiai,ʻaʻole no ka pono o ka nui Balkan kānaka.

Gorchakov ka diplomacy

Alexander II i mō'ī ia Rusia i ka liu o ka Crimean War. i He e hele ana i ka noho lakou malaila ao nei. ʻOiai ke aupuni i ole nalowale ?? eoi?, I luku ai i ka Black Sea'auwaʻa, a ua hōʻole e like me ka aelike. No ka St. Petersburg keia kulana ua nei ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa. Ke hou ia Auguseto hoonohoia i ke kia o Kuhina o ko na Aina e ua hoano e diplomat Alexander Gorchakov. He nui nā moʻolelo noonoo ia i ka "oho cardinal" o Lūkini kuwaho o ke au.

Ke Tsar a Gorchakov hoomaka ae la e hoomakaukau ai no ka inevitable worsening o launa me ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, a me ka kaua e hele mai ana. Ma Rusia, me ka maluhia manawa ua hala lehulehu nā mea hoʻololi: ka rejection o serfdom, na hou i loko o ke koa, a me ka hoʻokele waiwai. A pau o kēia mau ana me E kōkua i Hōʻano hou i ka puali koa wahi lulu.

Prussia Union

Ma hope o ka mana Europa, ma ke akea kākoʻo Tureke ma ka Crimean War, ke kahiko kalaiaina ana me ia lilo i mea hiki. Ka wale Ally o St. Petersburg lilo Pelelina. I keia manawa, ke Alii o Prussia koke hui Hawaii, e makemake ana e hana i ka hookahi lahui aupuni a pau. Kona hoa i ka Austria. Habsburg mamo aliʻi, a alii iho la oia ma Vienna, kekahi koi i ka unification o Kelemania, ma lalo o kona kauoha, akā, ua hee o loko o ka paio e ku ei ka Hohenzollern.

I ka 1870, Prussia luku Farani i loko o ke Kaua o Alsace a me Lorraine. Keia pomaikai i ae ka Moi o Prussia, e haʻi i ka hanaia'na o ka German aupuni a pau, a i nā lehulehu uuku Kelemānia na'lii. France i kekahi o na guarantors o ka pono o ka Ottoman aupuni a pau. Rusia a me Germany ua hōʻike mai iā ia i ka 'amelika kalaiaina alo, e imi ana e puʻe Paris, e haalele aku i ko lakou ka hoʻokô' ana i ke Suletana. Keia manao maoli hana. Eia hou kekahi, Rusia ua eo kekahi manawa hou i ka pono e kūkulu moku ma ka Black Sea.

Bulgarian uprising

Soon Lūkini diplomats loaa pepa blanche e kue ana me ka Ottoman aupuni a pau. Hoʻohuli ai i nā kāʻei kua, ke kumu o ka Lūkini-Turkish kaua (1877-1878 GG.), E like me ka pono me ka berita o ka mana Europa. Ma ia manawa i ke aupuni liberation uprising ma Pulakalia.

Janissaries loa i hana ole wale me na militias, akā, i civilians. 'O kēia ke kumu i ka War Lūkini-Turkish (1877-1878). Hopena o ka uprising loli loa koke. Rusia hai aku kaua i ka Ottoman aupuni a pau, kākoʻo i ka Orthodox Bulgarians i noi i kōkua i ke alii. Over na makahiki elua i hala ma luna o nā kapa o ke Danube hele aku la ma ke koko confrontation ma waena o nā pūʻali koa o kēia'āina.

i ka hope o ke kaua

Ike aha i na kumu o ka Lūkini-Turkish kaua (1877-1878 GG.), Oe hiki eaaei koho mea ia i pau ai. I ka poe koa o Alexander II luku aku i nā Nā Poʻe Isalama, a ua hooweliweli ia Kou. Suletana i ka Lani i ka diplomacy.

I ka 1878 o ka San Stefano maluhia Kuikahi i kakauinoa ia. E like me ia ia ia, Romania, Serbia a me MaunaʻEleʻele lilo kuokoa Hawaii. Ua loaa Bulgarians palahalaha kū kaʻawale. Soon,ʻo facto, ka mea, i hele mai, mai lalo o ka mana o Kou. Rusia hui ma Bessarabia a Kars māhele 'āina i loko o ka South Caucasus.