Nā māna a me ka lehalehu t nāʻiʻo:'anatomia. Hiʻona o ka lehalehu t nāʻiʻo

All kanaka i lā maikaʻi, a me ka hewa, a me ka hauʻoli kaumaha hanana, he mea kekahi i mea nāuki mai, hewa, naʻau, a, ma ka mea ku ole,ʻo ia ka indescribableʻoliʻoli, ke kumu no ka olioli a me ka pomaikai. Ma ia manawa mākou maka - ia O pono o ka puke, a oe ke heluhelu i ka makaukau a pau.

Akā, no ke aha la o keia ahaʻia nei? He aha ka mea e pili ana i ka maka 'ole e leie aku mākou i e ai okoa, e ola ana, a me ka hana hoihoi multifaceted olelo o ka loka? Ua huli mai i keia mea i ka kānaka apau i mākaukau o keʻano o nāʻiʻo. E kamailio e pili ana ia i loko o kēia 'atikala.

Mōʻaukala o ke aʻo a me ka loaʻa muscular hale

No ka mea manawa mua i ke alo o na kanaka kino i loko o Muscle'ōlelo i loko o ka wa kahiko. Ka Aigupita, i ka Roma, me ka Peresia, ka Pākē i olelo ia i loko o ka buke o kēia mau hale, he kanaka ma lalo o kaʻili. Naʻe, i ka hōʻike o ka ho'ākāka 'ia i nāʻiʻo e like me ka loaʻa nui hope. No laila, he makana nui a hiki i keia i e Leonardo ka Vinci. O ka 600-ōlaʻi Nails o kanaka'anatomia, i ka mea haʻalele i hope, he nui loa ua hoolilo i na nāʻiʻo, i ko lakou wahi ma ka kino 'ole, kona helehelena. I kakau i ka Muscle loaʻa i loko o nā hana o Manuela Vesalius.

Physiology o Muscle? Anoee ma kānakaʻepekema kēia XVIII-XX kenekulia:

1. Luigi Galvani - loaa i ka kŰia o ka pou impulses ma na nāʻiʻo a me nā'aʻaʻa o ka holoholona.
2. Emil Du Bois-Reymond - ua kālaiʻia i ke kānāwai e Hōʻike 'i ke kanawai o ka pono ma luna o excitable nā'aʻaʻa
3. N. E. Vvedensky - i ho'ākāka 'ia, a hoonoho iho la kaʻoi loa, a pessimum uila excitation Muscle
4. Helmholtz, J. av Liebig, Wislicenus V. Danilevsky a me kekahi poe e ae - e? Anoee ma ka au mamuli a ho'ākāka 'ia ma nā mea a pau i ka physiological hiʻona o ka functioning o ka Muscle'aʻaʻa, a me wela i hoʻokō' a me kino o nāʻiʻo.

Ma ka keia kahua o ka? Acaeoey mua aneane a pau e hikiʻimi naʻauao hōʻikeʻano o nā mea a pau ooieoeiiaeuiiai ano o ka Muscle olona, ua kālaiʻia. Electrophysiology, biochemistry,'anatomia a me nā sciences mea i hoʻokumu i ka hoʻomāhuahua o nui ike waihona ipu i loko o kēia wahi, no laila, nui no ka laau lapaau.

I ka helu a me ka 'ike o ke kanaka Muscle

I huina, i ke kanaka kino i kahi o 640 nāʻiʻo, kela mea keia mea o ka i hanaʻia i kekahi kuleana pili i. Muscle'anatomia pahu i ka lākou o ka luna 'mall wahi.

Nāʻiʻo (ole Muscle) - He kanaka nā loko, i mea he lākou o ka Muscle olona, (elongated aeea ÿano) me he ala apuupuu paha transversely striated kumu. Ka mea, i paa pu ma ka mea ana i wehe ai i connective'aʻaʻa 'ole. I ke kanaka kino, e hana i ka pau nenoaiie o skeletal nāʻiʻo (striated'aʻaʻa) a ua hoalaala ia me ka nui nā loko, a me nā ipu koko (ala apuupuu lole).

Mea Maluna

Mawaena o ka mana o na nāʻiʻo i māheleʻia i loko o ka kēia mau pūʻulu.

1. Holo pololei mai.
2. Kēpau.
3. Insoles.
4. Sphincters.
5. Dilators.
6. Rotators.
7. Flexors.
8. Extensors.
9. Contrasting.
10. Pronator.

Aia mea no hoi i ka Mea Maluna o nāʻiʻo ma ka wahi i loko o ke kanaka kino. Penei, i ke kala:

• kino nāʻiʻo (superficial a me ka hohonu);
• nāʻiʻo o na lala;
• poo nāʻiʻo (lehalehu a me nā māna).

shape

Ma keia kumu maopopo 7 nui Muscle pūʻulu, ai kēlā me kēia pae ua IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE ma ka loiloi a me kekahi hapa o kanaka kino.

1. Spindly.
2. Square.
3. Palahalaha.
4. Hike.
5. Triangular.
6. Cirrus.
7. Hoʻopoepoe.

Muscle'anatomia

Kela a me keia Muscle i ka hola o ka mea kipi 'ole o ka manao: ua uhiʻia i ka waho epimiziem - he kūikawā waiwai-iwi, hana mai ma connective'aʻaʻa. Mai ka loko ia mea he lākou o ka Muscle laulau o kekahi kauoha i i hui ma muli o ka endomysium - connective'aʻaʻa. Ma keia hihia, he kupono helu o kēlā me kēia Muscle o na moku ke koko a me ka capillaries i ka kūpono lako o ka o oxygen i hana. Aa koko ia decomposition huahana a me ka o carbon dioxide. Nā aʻalolo penetrating olona, i conduction a me ka excitability hoʻokēʻai a me ka ike loea muli o ( 'oihana).

Muscle keena lakou ia lakou iho i mau Kora naʻEsau, e like me ka waʻeleu hana hiki o ka hoʻomakaʻia thermal ikehu ma muli o ka lehulehu mitochondria. Kona hana i ka aelike nāʻiʻo aie kūikawā nā polokina: actin a me ka myosin. Ka mea, i keia papa, e kauoha ana i ka ho'ēmiʻana i loko o myofibrils - contractile hapa o ka Muscle puluniu.

Ka loa nui hana o ka Muscle olona, - contractility a me ka excitability, i no ka pono AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN o nä olonä a me kumuʻiʻo hale, a Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana (lolo a me ka spinal kaula).

ʻO nāʻiʻo o ke poo

loaʻa he mau kumu ano i keia pae. I ka papa kuhikuhiE poʻe i:

• nāʻiʻo o ka maka (lehalehu t nāʻiʻo) - i kuleana no ka mimicry, ka mea mawaho hoikeana o Emotions;
• chewable - hana i ka ia kuleana pili i.

Kaawale mai kēia mau mea, na nāʻiʻo i hanohano:

• a poʻopoʻo ka;
• auditory ossicles;
• 'ōlelo;
• ka lani;
• 'ōnaehana.

Hiʻona o ka 'ole o nā nāʻiʻo a pau o ke poo, koe nae ka papalina, o ka wa e kaawale aku o ka plantar fascia - he kūikawā "eke", a iloko ona i kakauia a pau na nāʻiʻo a me ka mea attaches pololei i na iwi. No laila, ka mea uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa o ia ma kekahiʻaoʻao pili i ka iwi, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe -' elele i kahe 'ana i loko o kaʻili, paa i ulana pūʻia me ia i loko o ka hoʻokahi' ole.

Mimic lehalehu t nāʻiʻo: Kind

I ka loa a me ka hoihoi 'maopopo iho la i hoike i kana hana ui e pono ai ka lehalehu t nāʻiʻo. Aie i ke kuleana pili i ka hoʻokō, i mea, ke hiki i ka lilo kanaka lehalehu t, ka 'aoʻao, a loaa no ia lakou i ko lakou inoa - ka lehalehu t nāʻiʻo.

Ka mea, ma laila nō ka hailona. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, i kekahi i wale e ke hoole i ka bizarre, a pēlā nō e ia i ka olelo o ko mākou Emotions, e ike i me kēiaʻano o ka hana wale nō paha pu hiki ole Makuakane. No laila, i ka lehalehu t nāʻiʻo i loko o nā pūʻulu, a me ka ia a pau 4:

1. Ho okumu i ka cranial vault.
2. Ho okumu i anapuni waha.
3. Hoopuniia ae la i ka ihu.
4. Ho okumu i ka p ÷ ai maka.

E hoomanao i kēlā me kēia pae ma au mamuli.

ʻO nāʻiʻo o ka cranial vault

Mimic nāʻiʻo o ke poo, ho okumu i ka cranial vault, a hooku iho la occipital-frontal pili i ka galea. Mahiole iho o ka tendon i conventionally mahele i ka Muscle i loko o nā māhele: ka frontal a me ka occipital. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana i hanaʻia ia mau mimic nāʻiʻo o ke poo - o ka ho okumu ana o ka transverse loko o ka ili ma ka lae o ke kanaka.

Kēia pūʻulu i ka loaʻa o ke alo a me ka hope o ka pepeiao nāʻiʻo. Lākou ka papa kuhikuhiE ia mea e hiki ai i ka mea mawaho pepeiao e flick mai, i lalo, i mua a me ka hope.

Kīloi paʻewa nuchal Muscle - o na hale a o ka cranial vault. O ka papa kuhikuhi hana - ana o ka ili i ka hope o ke poo.

Nāʻiʻo, ho okumu i ka hoa kanaka maka

'O kēia ka loa expressive lehalehu t nāʻiʻo o ka maka. lākou'anatomia aʻole i imply i ka fascia, a me ke ano o ka hale iʻokoʻa.

1. Hoʻopoepoe Muscle loa hoopuni ai ka'ōnohi a poʻopoʻo i loko o ka poai nei ma lalo o kaʻili. Ua ninoieo o ekolu papa kuhikuhiE māhele: ka ophthalmic, i ka makahiki-kahiko, a me ka waimaka. Hana - hamama ana a me ka panina o ka maka, hooponopono slezotoka, hookuu iho ia i nā kuʻemaka, smoothing mai wrinkles ma ka lae.
2. Lehalehu t nāʻiʻo, wrinkled lae, i hoʻopaʻaʻia ma luna o ka frontal iwi a hiki i ka ili o ke kuemaka. Launch: ke kahua o lonikū pā ma luna o ka ihu.
3. Ke Muscle o ka haaheo - ka inoa iho olelo e pili ana i ka nui o ka - ho okumu i transverse nā pā ma ke kumu o ka ihu, e haawi ana i ka maka o ka hōʻike o ka haʻaheo a me ka inaccessibility.

Mau lehalehu t nāʻiʻo ae kanaka, e hoike i ko lakou Emotions wale, e nana ma na maka a me ka ili a puni ia. Nui hiki ke olelo aku me ka olelo hoomaikai i ke 'o ke kanaka kino' ole.

ʻO nāʻiʻo i lilo i ke anapuni o ka waha

Like nui nō ka 'ē aʻe nāʻiʻo o ka lehalehu tʻana. Ke'anatomia o ka Muscle pae poe hoʻopoepoe 'ole a puni ka waha hamama. Aia i kekahi mau kāna mau 'ōlelo nāʻiʻo, a me ka pili ana i kekahi i kekahi e hakaka. Kēia 'o ia hoʻi i kekahi o ia Hoʻonui i ka pono o ka waha slit, a me kekahi, ma ka mea ku ole, narrows.

1. Muscle o ka waha, kapa hoʻopoepoe. Hana: hou o ka waha slit a me ka lehelehe neʻe mua.
2. Zygomatic nāʻiʻo (nui a me ka uuku). Launch: E ho oku ui ke kihi o ka waha, e neʻe mai, i lalo, a sideways.
3. Ka oi aku o ka lehalehu t nāʻiʻo o ka waha ninoieo i loko o ka mea ana e ae ia ia e neʻe. No ka laʻana, ka mea hewa iwi ā mai o kekahi keena lima, e leie aku, e hoʻokiʻekiʻe hoʻi i ka lehelehe luna. Nearby he mea kekahi e hoala i ka ihu a me ka'ēheu.
4. Papalina Muscle. Value: hoʻokaʻuluaʻana huina i ka waha, oiai e hoemi i kaʻaoʻaoʻelua e leie aku e retract i ka pā ili o ka pāpālina i ka iwi ā.
5. Muscle akaaka. Hana: E ho oku ui i nā kihi o ka waha i lalau laterally.
6. Elua genial Muscle. Hiʻona o kēia 'ano o ka lehalehu t nāʻiʻo komo i loko o ka oiaio i kekahi o ia mea lolelua ka, mea i emi. Launch: i ka holo o ka chinʻili, a huki i kona haʻahaʻa lehelehe mua.
7. Muscle, ua hakumakuma i ka lalo lehelehe. Value e like me ka inoa.

O nā mea a pau hoʻokumu paʻa ku una ha lehalehu t nāʻiʻo,'anatomia i leie aku i kekahi kanaka, e maliu oluolu mai la, e kamailio, e hoike ka olioli a me ka hāʻule pohō wale, e hoʻoneʻe i kona waha.

Nāʻiʻo hoopuniia ae la i ka ihu

Kēia pūʻulu nā elua wale ka papa kuhikuhiE nāʻiʻo:

• nasalis Muscle, pelu o ka pahale loko, a ma waho māhele. Hana: i ka neʻeʻana o nā puka ihu a me ka ihu;
• Muscle, hookuu iho ia i ka nasal septum.

Ke'ī mai, ma ka ihu kaiapili elua wale lehalehu t nāʻiʻo. Anatomia o ia mea i okoa mai na mea e ae ana no luna. Ma mau, mau pūʻulu maka nāʻiʻo, waha, ka ihu a me ka cranial vault - kēia mau mea i ka papa kuhikuhiE eiiiiiaiou o ka lehalehu t hōʻike. Aie i ke alo o kēia nāʻiʻo kanaka kahu ai, e hoʻolele i ka laulā o ko, kamaʻilio pū kekahi i kekahi, a hiki ole hua'ōlelo a me nä hopuna pono e hoʻopuʻipuʻi pilikia makapō hōʻike.

Ma ka lehalehu t nāʻiʻo i mea nui nā hale, kuleana no hoi no ka ho okumu ana o wrinkles i ka kūnewa kaʻina. Ia mea ke kumu o nā ioauoa a pau kākou i ka eaʻoki kino a me ka like ke kaʻina hana, i kono e hana loa o kona mākaukau poe akamai i ka poe i ike i ka'anatomia o ke Muscle.

Masticatory nāʻiʻo:? Ueo

Mimic a masticatory nāʻiʻo - i ka papa kuhikuhiE eiiiiiaiou o ka maka a me ke poo. Inā pili ia i ka 17ʻokoʻa nā hale i ka mua, i ka lua o ka pūʻulu - 4. wale naʻe, hula mau eha masticatory nāʻiʻo nui i kūlana ma ke kanaka ola, e like me ka pono me ia ma ka malama o ka uʻi opiopio ka'ololaha maka. E iā mākou i nā mea like 'ole i ka pili ia ia.

1. E kamaiʻilio ana - o ka ikaika, hoʻomaʻamaʻa kanaka ana ka lalau Muscle ai. Ke aupuni 'ia ma nā māhele: ka hohonu a me ka superficial. Ua hoomaka mai ka zygomatic e pio, a me nā nāʻiʻo i pili i ka mandible.
2. Kino - hoomaka mai ke kaʻina hana o ka kino iwi, a kŰlń ao i ka lalo iwi ā.
3. Kīloi paʻewa pterygoid - he o nā māhele: o ka luna, a malalo poo. E hoʻomaka ana mai o ka sphenoid iwi hapa hope, a ma ka lalo iwi ā nāʻiʻo, ho okumu i ka luna ''ōwili pūʻia me lākou.
4. Pterygoid medial - Ua hoi ma ka sphenoid iwi i ka lalo iwi ā.

A pau kēia mau nāʻiʻo i hui pu ia e na oihana hana, a mākou e noonoo.

oihana

O ka papa, i kekahi manawa nāʻiʻo nō i ka pae ana o Kamehameha a mama, alaila kā lākou hana i kūpono: hoomaopopo ana i ka versatile iwi ana:

• E kamaiʻilio ana - iwi ā 'auamo aku, a pushes mua.
• Medial - kīloi paʻewa, a hāʻawi'ē aʻe ka neʻe 'ana o ka mandible.
• Kīloi paʻewa - ka mea, ua like oihana i ka medial.
• Kino - nui hope, i ka wa e kamaiʻilio ana ka neʻe 'ana. Pulls hoʻi e hiki mai ana i mua o ka lalo ā, like hoʻi me ka mahalo pu i ka mea i pii mai ai i ka panina mai o ka luna.

Eia hou kekahi, ka mea i hāʻawi mai i ke kanaka ke kino Muscle luhi, luhi a me ka haggard nānā. Inā he lōʻihi manawa i loko o ka moku'āina o ko mākou hopohopo hoʻopilikia, huʻi Emotions a me stress, i ke kino, e hoʻomaka e lilo ke kaupaonaʻana, a me ke kanaka e launa kūpono haggard hōʻike. O ke kumu ho i ka mea i ke kino Muscle'ōpuʻu hou, a obtyagivaya lehalehu t ili, pilikia makapō hoʻololi kona 'äina.

Pela, ua hiki ke manao nei makou ka lehalehu a me ka masticatory nāʻiʻo - ka mea, o ka mea akamai o ko mākou maka, ke hoike nei oe Komo iho i kekahi olelo, e hana i kekahiʻano o ka hele a me ka hoʻololi i kekahiʻano o grimaces. A me ka lakou ae oe e e Kamehameha a mama, i mea kanalua kekahi o ka mea nui ola keʻano o ka hanaʻana o ka hapanui o na mea e ola ana, me kānaka.