Icebreaker "Chelyuskin": mōʻaukala a me ka hopena

Ke kaulana icebreaker "Chelyuskin" Ua kūkuluʻia ma ka makahiki 1933 ma Denmark ma ka mea o ka Soviet aupuni. Mua, ka mea hou moku i ka inoa o "Lena" (i ka mea i ka mea i manao ia no ka hele ma waena o Vladivostok, a me ka waha o ka Lena River). Ka "Chelyuskin" Ua Kapa hou i ma ka Ewa o ke kaulana Polar huakaʻi. Steamboat Ua hoʻokō me nā mea a pau i ka loa kēia puke maʻamau, o kona manawa. Kona pohupani hale ua like ia 7,5 tausani tona.

hanana nuʻukia

Poʻokela hiʻona i maopopo i ka icebreaker "Chelyuskin", o Laielohelohe i ka noonoo ana o ka Soviet PolarʻImi Loa Otto Schmidt. Kēia geographer a me mathematician moe o naʻi i ka Hawaiian Sea ala - ke ala hele alakai ana i ka moana Pakifika, ma ka'ākau kapakai o Eurasia. Schmidt ua makaukau e hana i kekahi mea no kona manao. I ka 1932, oia ua ma luna o ka moku "Aleksandr Sibiryakov" i lanakila ai i ke alanui mai o ka White kai a hiki i ka Barents kai.

Icebreaker "Chelyuskin" no keia enthusiast ua lilo ia i mea e hoʻomōhala lākou noiʻi i ka pomaikai. Schmidt, ke manao maopopo General Keʻena Luna o ka Hawaiian Sea ala, e hoʻohana i ka moku i loko o kona hou mana hele ana. Ka pilikia ua ia, ma muli naʻe o kona modernity, "Chelyuskin" ua kuhikuhi he waiwai moku. Akamai i e pono ia ia no ka lōʻihi okele ma ka Polar hau papale. Ua alakai aku ai i ka wā e hiki mai lilo o ka moku.

E hoomakaukau ana no ka kou holo

Adventurous pahuhopu Hike icebreaker "Chelyuskin" hooeueu ae la i na mea he nui enthusiasts ka poe i hoolaa ai i ko lakou ola i ka hoʻopaʻa 'ana i ka' Ākau. Naʻe, i waena o ka hoihoi leo kani kupono nīnau e pili ana i ka suitability o ka moku no ka wā e hiki mai huakaʻi. One ka skeptic i luna o ka moku i ka, Vladimir Voronin. Ma hope o këia ka "Chelyuskin", i aku la ia ma mua o ka kūhelu kauoha ana o ka helu o ka manao flaws. The Hawaiian Sea ala hele, nae, o ka noonoo ana i uku ia ia.

Icebreaker "Chelyuskin" kau aku August 2, 1933. Holo ma luna o ka moku, he 112 kanaka mai Murmansk. Kekahi o lakou, i ole 'ana e pili ana i ka huakaʻi. Penei, kekahi o surveyors i luna o ka moku hapai wahine. Ka moku ia ia ua hoopili i congested like ma luna o ka moku i nā haawe, reconnaissance seaplane a me kekahi mau prefabricated hale no ka Luna Hooponopono ma Wrangel Island.

Ma ka Kara Sea

Maalo ae la oia i ka pilikia Matochkin icebreaker "Semyon Chelyuskin" i loko o ka Kara kai, ma kahi e ua kali ana no ka mea mua weliweli hau floes. i lanakila mau nā pilikia waapa me kekahi pilikia. Naʻe, ka mea hou i ka huakaʻi hele, ka mea kaumaha o ka luina i, e hoʻomau i ka heleʻana.

Ma ka Kara kai, ka moku i hele mai ma ka nui wao moku,ʻaʻole i heluʻia ma luna o kekahi palapala 'āina. Haʻawina ua wahi keia na coincidence. Ka "hou" mokupuni huli mai e ia i ka mokupuni o ka pilikino. Ua Ua wehe i loko o ka XIX kenekulia, a revisited i ka 1915, he huakaʻi Otto Sverdrupa. Ua huli mai i ka palapala secluded mokupuni ua like ka nui me 50 mile i ka hikina o ka maoli wahi. Kuhihewa ua hiki ke hoʻoholo i ka hana ma luna o "Chelyuskin" astronomer, surveyor Yakov Gakkel.

Ia manawa, he halawai me ka mea pepehi hau hoomauia. Ka mua poino i ka palaho o ka stringer, i ukali ia e kekahi o poha kapiliia. Lawe akula ia i lunaʻenehana hele mai me ka holomua manao o ka lāʻau fixtures, hope o ka hemahema loa, akā, ka mea, 'aʻole e hoʻololi i ka mea e ole i i ka "Chelyuskin" e hele i ka wao nahele Arctic wale.

E hoʻouka i ka hou loa, i ka moku unloaded ke kakaka paʻa (ka mea hale kūʻai kalapona). Kēia painstaking hana i ka hana a pau:ʻepekema, na luina, e uhau ana a me ka pāʻoihana Hoʻokō no ipu. Nā lālā o ka huakaʻi, ua maheleia i mau kime maika a me ka manawa Makuakane me ka hana. Hope, i ka hooilo ma ka hau, i ka loina o ka hui ana o ka hana i loko o mākaukau hou Chelyuskintsev.

pio hau

September 23 moku i loa wahi. Paa hau puni, a nakinaki iho la ia ia me e pili ana i ka ia wahi i kahi o ka makahiki mua i papani ai hoi i ka moku "Aleksandr Sibiryakov."

E hiki aku i ka hope loa pahuhopu nui o ke kai eʻe, ka Wrangel Island, Schmidt i hiki ole. Ano, icebreaker "Chelyuskin" huakaʻi hoomau iho la oia i ka loa hou 'ia. Ka moku e neʻe ana i ka hikina, a me ke 'Aeʻa nunui-makahiki hau. November 4 Ia ia i komo i loko o ka wai o ka Bering pilikia. Ka hau i noho thinner, a hookaawale iho la i ka wai maemae, mai ka moku i ke ala ana o kekahi mau kilomika. Ua manao i ka palekana hoʻopakele mea inevitable.

'Aʻole loa, mai ka "Chelyuskin" ua icebreaker "Litke". Kona luna kaumaha e kōkua moku e pakele mai ka hau o ka hale paʻahao. Akā, Otto Schmidt hoole e kākoʻo i ka manaolana i ka moku, iho e e noa. I keia manawa, ke nä känaka 'epekema i ka ona e kuhihewa, no ka mea e ho'ōla uku aku la i ka holoʻokoʻa moku o ka icebreaker "Chelyuskin".

Kona luli wale 'Aeʻa hoʻololi kona kuhikuhi ana, a hoouna aku la i ka moku i loko o ke ku pono ana i ala o ka Arctic waonahele. He hoʻomaopopo i kona gaffe Schmidt ia ma luna o kona iho Initiative, noi i ke kōkua o "Litke", akā, ka mea, ua Hawaiʻi moku. Ano, i ka poʻe manaoia ka hooilo ma ka nalowale hau. A, Polar puhi i ka pū waikaua -ʻaʻohe i kekahi ke vouch no ka maluhia o ka moku i loko o ka loa ana o ka Hōʻole akula Akau. 13 February makahiki 1934 i ka hou moku i maoli hele ai i ka lalo. Ke physical kumu o ka make ana o ka icebreaker "Chelyuskin" i ka manaʻo koikoi ikaika o ka hau, wawahi ae la ma konaʻaoʻao hema.

Ke piʻoloke mai ka moku

A mau hola ma mua o ka denouement, ka wā e lilo akaka i ka moku, e hele aku i ka lalo, hoomaka ae la oia i wikiwiki ke piʻoloke o kanaka. Ke kime e hoʻokele e hoolilo i ka puni ka hau o ka lako a me na mea paahana. ua lawa ia no ka ho okumu ma ka liʻiliʻi loa kekahi pokole eaaa? kēia mau mea a pau. Iloko o kekahi kanaka i make i ka piʻoloke. Ia ia ma luna o ka lono kaumaha ulia pepe iho la ka wahie, aeʻalo ana.

Icebreaker "Chelyuskin", kona mōʻaukala i pau ai, a ma ka hora elima o ke ahiahi i koe ma ka hau, 104 kanaka. Mawaena o lakou, he mau keiki elua, a me ke keiki kaikamahine o kekahi o na surveyors. Hopu iho la i kekahi ma luna o kekahi me ka unfriendly Polar honua, ka poʻe ma luna o ka lua o ka lā i hooholoia ma ka kapikala o ka malihiniʻana memo. Palapala Chelyuskinites hoʻokumu ma lalo o ka hooponopono ana o ka papa kiʻekiʻe Radio Aʻole Krenkel. KŘpa a kokoke loa, ma Cape Wellen, Aia palena noaioee, i ho'īli ka memo. A lohe o Otto Schmidt, ka makahiki mua i ua ma luna o ka pōpilikia e "Sibiryakov", ia i loaʻa iā ia iho i loko o ka like kulana home 'ole. ole Hawaiian wahi i laila, a ua ua hoʻokumu i ka pilina ma Crabber i loko o ke kai o Okhotsk.

i hoʻomoana ai ke ola

Kaniak ma ma o ka hau floe, ka moku unloaded mai o ka moku,ʻaʻole wale e hiamoe ana i mau aa moni halelewa, akā, i? Ieoaeunoaa lako. Once ma ka verge o ka make hōʻike i ka hui kū pūʻuoʻuo a me ka hui, no laila, i loko o kahi e hoʻomoana ai e hoʻokele e hookupaa nui ae i muli o kona kulana he kohu kūpono ola. Barracks i kūkulu, he lumi kuke a me ka hōʻailona hale kiaʻi.

Mai ka lā mua o kou noho ana ma ka hau mea ole 'aʻole i noiʻi hana. Kela a me keia lā? Ieiaia a me surveyors, e hooholo i ka kiko'ī wahi o kahi e hoʻomoana ai. 'Aeʻa hau i ole ana, no laila ka mea, ua pono, e mau hoʻomaulia i ka wahi o ko kou wahi. No keia mea i theodolite a me ka sextant. I loko o ko mākou noho ma luna o ka hau o ka luina i seriously maʻi wale nō Otto Schmidt, ka mea i loaʻa i ka pneumonia. Aie i ka maʻi o ke poo o ka huakaʻi ua evacuated eaaa? E,ʻaʻole ma waena o ka hope a me ka 76th.

kona manaopaa moa

Ma Moscow, i ka hoola ana o ka icebreaker "Chelyuskin", a, e, i ka bulge o ka honua ma luna o kona occupants, Ua kauoha mai ke aupuni Komisina, alai ae ma ka lālā kiʻekiʻe 'o ka aoao Valerian Kuibyshev. Ma ka lā mua ma hope o ka loaa ana hōʻike o ka pilikia nā lālā o ke aupuni i hoʻouna aku ai i ke kūkulu'ākau me ka paipai pū telegram. Aka hoi, i kaʻoliʻoli assurances o ka Central Komite ua i hōʻoki aku ka pilikia o ka hana.

Polar explorers ua ai mamao aku i ke alanui wale, e hoola ia i ka hoʻohana i ka mokulele. Ma ka wikiwiki i Chukotka hele aku la i ka mea maikaʻi loa Soviet pailota. Uaʻoi loa aku ka Lolina o ka hoʻohana 'ana i ka'īlio-maa aku ai a ma ka wawae o ka hoʻololi aneane koke. Ma ko laua mau wawae ma ka pack hau Polar lā ke hele i ka mamao o 10 kilomika. Ma ia ka hoʻololi i nā hoʻokele Valerian Albanova ma Manuela Josef Land, i hiki i ka 1914, mai kona hui o ka umikumamaha kanaka ola mau wale.

Hoʻopakele mai o ka moku o ka icebreaker "Chelyuskin" ua he hanana hana, ina wale no ka mea ole Arctic maunakea i ole nei,ʻaʻole wale nō i loko o ka USSR akā, i loko o kekahi 'ē aʻe aupuni i loko o ke ao nei. Mawaena o na pailota mua ua hoʻomaka e huli no Schmidt, a me kona poʻe kānaka i ho'āʻo ai ke kahu moku Anatoly Liapidevskii. Mua oe mahope loaʻa Chelyuskinites, aviator i 28 nele ho'āʻo e imi i ka pono a puni. Wale 29 manawa, 5 March makahiki 1934, Liapidevskii ike ma ka lalo o ka mua seaplane, a laila, na kanaka a puni ona.

Ano, i ka wa a ka mea i ike i ka wahi, kahi i hoopoho iho icebreaker "Chelyuskin", ke piʻoloke loaʻa ma lalo o ke ala. Puamauu-4 Lyapidevsky i luna o ka moku a pau i nā wāhine a me nā keiki (12) a hoouna aku la ia lakou a hiki i ka hapa kauhale. Eia naʻe, ma hope o ka loiloi mua pomaikai i hahai ma ke ole mua. Wawahi ae hoʻopakele mokulele engine, ma hope i ka hana ua kupaluia.

Ka hoʻohana o ka mokulele i keia, naʻe, 'aʻole i kaupalena'. I ka akau, ua hele aku la airships. Ua i ho'āʻo e wāwahi i Chelyuskintsev icebreaker "Krasin" a kākoʻo ATVs. Aka hoi, ka mea, o ka mokulele i he nui na makana i ka holomua hope o ka Polar saga. All mau mahina o ke ola i loko o ka hau o ka poʻe e noho lā ma kahi i hoʻomoana ai i hana ma ka mea, ua makaukau, e nana no ia Airfield maunakea. Kela lā, i nā kānaka i loko o hoʻololi ai e ho'āpono wale runways,ʻaʻole losing manaolana e hoʻi i ka hale.

hoomau iho la lakou hoʻopakele

Huki Chelyuskinites o ka hau o ka hale paʻahao laila, ma luna o 7 April. Ano, ma ka hana 'ole kekahi mau kaulana poʻe hoʻoholo moku. Michael Vodopianov hope lawe 'ana i ka hoʻouna explorers i ka mua naulu la noaioee "North Pole-1", a me Rotehama Kamanin lilo i ka luna o ke kime mua o Soviet cosmonauts. Ka mea, ua i waena o nā kānaka hoʻopakele a me nā kaʻao pailota: Mauritius horseflies Vasiliy Molokov, Ivan Doronin. Kekahi ke kahu moku, Sigismund Levanevsky, ka mea i loaʻa iā ia i ka ulia - loaʻa la no hoi oia, a hoʻopakele.

Icebreaker "Chelyuskin", kona mōʻaukala i Ua piha o ia mau moʻolelo, e pono no ke ao puke a pipiʻi pale adaptations, lilo ae la kekahi o na kumu nui huapalapala o kona manawa. me ka Kaueleau uhane a me ka ikaika o ka poe i kōkua kanaka e hoʻi i ka hale kēia inoa i pili. Trapped ma Polar hau moa i kela kapa ma ka Vankarem - uuku Chuckchee e hoʻomoana ai, a ua lilo ia i ka piko o nā mea a pau i ka hoʻopakeleʻana hana.

He hana hoihoi 'ia kekahi mau kanaka, mai ka moku, ka hoʻohana' ana i ke koena seaplane e hiki i ka hulu makua pahu hopu wale. Mau i ka nalowale i? Iaie? Haʻalele luna wreck Vladimir Voronin. April 13 ka mea, ua i loko o Vankarem. Hope lā o ka hana i wahi i loko o ka increasingly ko mākou hopohopo kulana home 'ole - Icefield i nā luku. I kekahi lā ma hope o ka hoʻopakeleʻana Voronin ikaikaʻino i luku ai i ka? Aiaiiuie e hoʻomoana ai.

Ohana

Iloko o ka hoʻopakeleʻana moa, a iho icebreaker "Chelyuskin", a i loaa i ka Hawaii photo o nā mea a pau Soviet, a he nui ao na nupepa, he ka piko o ka noonoo ana o ka miliona o kanaka. Jubilation ma ka holomua hope o ka hana keaka i ka Polar nationwide. Oluolu o ka ano o kanaka ke e hoopuni wehewehe: mea like i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ka honua maunakea a me ka hoʻokele i ole i hiki mai.

I kuleana i loko o ka piʻoloke Chelyuskinites mau pailota, o ka mua Ku I o ka Soviet Union. Ua kiekie loa moku'āina ia nā kumu kāki i hoʻokumu i ka Ewa o nā hanana i loko o ka Hōʻole akula 'Ākau. He loaa i ka Papa Hanohano o Lenin, a elua Americans (William Le Verrier a me Klayd Armsted), nana i malama ia o ka laweia mokulele, i ili mai ai manaʻoi no ka hoʻopakeleʻana o ka moku iʻikeʻia ma luna o ka maka o ka make. I komo he hau moʻolelo me GLEE halawai ma Moscow. All nā mākua Chelyuskintsev ola makou mahope o ka pilikia hooilo, i hookoia Red Banner.

afterword

I ka make ana o ka moku, kena ae la ka Soviet alakaʻi, e hoʻololi i kā lākou e pili ana i ka Polar noiʻi. Ma hope o ka hoʻiʻana i Moscow, Schmidt kūkala i ka naʻi aupuni o ka Hawaiian Sea ala. Aka hoi, na nui na poe akamai i noʻonoʻo i ka hopena o ka huakaʻi,ʻaʻole pēlā rosy. Kekahi aoao ai kekahi, akā, i loko o ka USSR Chelyuskinskaya ka hoao ana ia i ua aoia. Mai ka hū ka hoʻomaka 'ana i ka ulu i ka'auwaʻa o icebreakers. Ano, o ka moku kēlā manawa pu ma ka waiwai moku mau mea hiki ole kū kaʻawale i kona hele i loko o ka wao nahele Polar.

mau ho'āʻo, e imi i ke kaʻao ke alanui "Chelyuskin" Ma ka Soviet'āina. Mau o kēia huli huakaʻi kaua, i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka makahiki 1970. More laki i komo o ke kai eʻe ma ka makahiki 2006, i kokua hoʻomaka i ka hooponopono ana o ka Chukotka hana nona iho Apana, i ka ke keʻena luna o ka Moana a me ka Russian Academy o Sciences. ua hiki ke hoala mai i ka seabed kekahi māhele o ka moku mākaukau. Ua hoʻouna mau artifacts i Copenhagen, i kona wahi i hookahi kūkulu ai, a "Chelyuskin". Ma hope o kéu hoʻomaopopo i ka hoʻokomo ea grille, i ka poe akamai i hele mai ai i ka hopena i mea oiaio e pili ana i ka wreck.