Nā pae o mall hui o ke kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma paha kumuʻiʻo 'ole

Ka 'ole o ka kumuʻiʻo lātoma i? Anoee no maluna o 200 makahiki. I ua ike no na mea he nui nā polokina. Kekahi o ia i ua synthesized (e laʻa me, insulina, RNase). Ua hoʻokumu paʻa mall a me ooieoeiiaeuiiai pa alima o ka kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma mai'amino nāʻakika. Eia kekahi i ka carboxyl a me ka'amino pūʻulu a me nā polokina pihaʻi me nā ooieoeiiaeuiuo pūʻulu, a hooholo i ko lakou waiwai. Ia mau pūʻulu ka lolouila hoonoho iho i loko o ke kīloi paʻewa branchings kumuʻiʻo lātoma: carboxy pae o asparticʻakika a glutamicʻakika,'amino pae o ka lysine a hydroxylysine, guanidine pae o arginine, ka imidazole pae o histidine, ka hydroxyl pae o ka serine a me ka threonine, he phenol pae o tyrosine, ka sulfhydryl pae o ka cysteine, disulfide pae o ka cystine, thioether hui o methionine, phenylalanine benzelnoe Kora naʻEsau, aliphatic kaulahao o nā'amino nāʻakika.

Aia mau eha pae o mall hui o ke kumuʻiʻo nā lātoma.

Ke iniiaiie 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo. 'amino nāʻakika ma ke kumuʻiʻo lātoma i hui pu ia ma kaʻakika'amino paa ana, pela ho okumu i ka iniiaiie 'ole. Ua hilinaʻi nui ma luna o ka qualitative haku mele 'ana o ka'amino nāʻakika, i ko lakou helu a me ke kaʻina ma waena o nā hui. Ke iniiaiie 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo loa pinepine manao e Sanger. Ke hōʻike kumuʻiʻo ua malamaia lakou nei, me ka pāʻoihana ditroftorbenzola (DNP), ma ia ho okumu i dinitrophenyl-kumuʻiʻo (kumuʻiʻo-DNP). A laila DNP-hydrolyzed kumuʻiʻo hana i koe kumuʻiʻo lātoma a me DNP-'aminoʻakika. DNP-'aminoʻakika ua loaʻa hou mai i kēia läÿau, a me ke ana pū hydrolysis. Nā huahana o ka hydrolysis e'aminoʻakika a me ka dinitrobenzene. Ke koena o ke kumuʻiʻo lātoma pane koke me nā haʻawina hou o DNP like loa me ka lātoma holoʻokoʻa 'aʻole e hoʻohiolo nō ia i loko o'amino nāʻakika. Ma muli o ka laupaʻi study o'amino nāʻakika e i ka iniiaiie 'ole o ke kanaka huakai kaapuni kumuʻiʻo. Ike iniiaiie 'ole o nā polokina insulina, myoglobin, hemoglobin, glucagon a me ka nui'ē aʻe).

Ma ke ano o Edman kumuʻiʻo ua malamaia lakou nei, me ka phenyl isothiocyanate. I kekahi manawa, hoʻohana proteolytic nā'ūhū - trypsin, pepsin, chymotrypsin, peptidase, etc.

Ka haumāna 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo. 'Amelikaʻepekema, hoʻohana' X-Ray Ka Ikepili, loaʻa i ke kumuʻiʻo polypeptide kaula hao pinepine nei i loko o ka palapala o ke Alpha-helices a me kekahi manawa Hoʻokolohua hale.

Alpha-helix ua like me kaʻoni iho staircase, a hana i ka hana o na degere o ka'aminoʻakika residues. Ma nā lātoma fibrillar nā polokina (silika fibroin) polypeptide kaulahao ua aneane loa'ō (Hoʻokolohua-ole) a hooponopono i loko o ka palapala o spheres, stabilized ma ka hydrogen paa.

Alpha-helix hiki ke hana spontaneously i loko o ka kemikala polypeptides (dederon, nylon), a i ka hakakino kaumaha o mai 10 a hiki i 20 tausani. Ae. Ma kekahi apana o ka lātoma nā polokina (insulina, hemoglobin, RNAse), mai hemo mai ke Alpha helical hoʻonohonohoʻia o kaʻakika'amino kaula, a me ka mea i hanaʻia helical 'ole o kekahiʻano.

Ke tertiary 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo. ʻoni iho haʻawina o ka polypeptide kaula o ke kumuʻiʻo lātoma i loko o kekahi 'ana ma i hooholo tertiary (ekolu-dimensional)' ole, a me ka palapala kinona o ka buke o ke kumuʻiʻo lātoma. Ua Ua manaoio aku i ka tertiary 'ole o ka' akomi, a ia lŘlŘ aie i ka AaOIeIOUIeXAOAaIN me ka'aminoʻakika residues o ka'ūheheʻe nā lātoma. Penei hydrophobic radicals "e holo ana" i loko o ka kumuʻiʻo lātoma, ho okumu i kā lākou maloo ciia a me ka hydrophilic pūʻulu i aʻo i kaʻoihana ma ka'ūheheʻe, i hiki aku ai i ke kahua o ka energetically ano hōʻoiaʻiʻo nō ia lātoma. Kēia kaʻina ua pu ma ke kahua o ka intramolecular paa. Ke tertiary 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo lātoma i kāna mete ia no RNAse, hemoglobin, lysozyme o ka moa hua.

Ke quaternary 'ole o ke kumuʻiʻo. Kēiaʻano o ka 'ole o ka kumuʻiʻo lātoma ia lŘlŘ like me ka hopena o ka' ona o kekahi mau subunits noniakahi i loko o ka hoʻokahi lātoma. Kēlā me kēia subunit i ka iniiaiie, kiʻekiʻe a me ka tertiary 'ole.