Nā paradoxes o Zeno o Elea

Zenon Eleysky - Greek logician a me ka poe akeakamai, a uaʻano nuiʻike no kona mau paradoxes, ka inoa i loko o kona hanohano. Kona ola ua ole loa mea iʻikeʻia. Aina Zeno - Elea. Nō hoʻi i loko o nā hana o Plato ka poe akeakamai i olelo ia e halawai me Socrates.

Around 465 BC. e ka. Zeno kakau iho la i kekahi puke, i hōʻikeʻia a pau lākou mau manaʻo. Akā, Eia naʻe, a hiki i kēia lāʻo ia i loaʻa i ke striker. Wahi a ke kaʻao, i ka poe akeakamai make i loko o ke kaua me ka Wiliama (presumably poo Elea Niarchos). Nā 'ike e pili ana i Elea ohi iki ma iki: mai Plato ka hana (hānau 60 makahiki ma hope, Zeno), Aristotle a me Diogenes Laertes, ka mea i kākau ekolu kenekulia ma hope, he puke no biographies o ka Greek poe akeakamai. Shoes e pili ana Zeno, o kekahi ma na hana o ka hope elele o ke kula o Helene kālaiʻike: Themistius (.. 4th kenekulia BC), Alexander Afrodiyskogo (.. 3rd kenekulia BC), e like me ka pono me Philoponus a me Simplicius (nā noho i loko o ka 6th kenekulia BC.). . A, o kaʻikepili o kēia mau kumu 'aelike no laila, pono i kekahi i kekahi, i ka mea i hiki ia? Aeiino? A pau o nā manaʻo o ka poe akeakamai. Ma keia 'atikala, e hai aku mākou oe e pili ana i na paradoxes o Zeno. E ka ka hoʻomaka 'ana.

paradoxes e puhi ia

O Paliuli a hiki i ke au o Pythagoras makahiki a me ka manawa noʻonoʻo wale nō, mai ka wahi o ka Hawaii o ka makemakika. Oia hoi, ka mea i manaʻo ia mea, i haku no ka ai iiiaanoaa o nā kumu a me nā heluʻai. Naʻe, ka mea, i kekahi waiwai i ka hiki pono o ka naʻau i mua o ka hooholo,ʻo ia ka "ka hoʻomauʻana". Kekahi paradoxes o Zeno proves i ka mea ole e hiki mahele ia i loko o ka papa paha kiko huina. ka poe akeakamai o ka hoopaapaa ana, ua like penei: "E ka olelo ana mākou i ka mahele, a hiki i ka hopena. A laila, oiaio i wale kekahi o na koho elua: kekahi ke kiʻi i kekahi koena o ka mea uuku e hiki ka nui a me na hapa i mea indivisible, akā, ua mana loa i loko o lākou ka helu, a me ka mahele mākou e alakai i na apana me ka waiwai, mahope mai o ka ka hoʻomauʻana, i homogeneous, pono e divisible ma lalo o kekahi noho ana . Ua hiki ole ia i loko o kekahi o ka divisible, a me ka mea 'ē aʻe - i. Eia naʻe,ʻo ka hopena mea he ridiculous. Kumu o ka mea i hiki ole hoʻopau i ka fission kaʻina hana a ke koena, he haʻawina nona waiwai. A me ka lua, no ka mea, i loko o ia wahi, i hiki initially ka pau makemake e hanaʻia mai o ka ole. " Simplicius wahi i kēia loulou Parmenides, akā, ia mea oi paha i kona mea kākau - Zenon. E hele mai ia.

Zeno ka paradoxes o ka noi

Ka mea i manaoia ma ka hapanui o nā puke ma luna o akeakamai i komo me ka hoike Eleatic hoohalike i loko o dissonance. Me ka pili ana i ka neʻe, ma laila nō ka mea kēia paradox Zeno: "pua", "dichotomy", "Achilles" a me ka "kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao". A hele mai la lakou ia kakou i ke aloha i Aristotle. E ka huli ia i loko o au mamuli.

"Pua"

Kekahi inoa - quantum Zeno paradox. Poe akeakamai mai nei i kekahi mea kekahi e kū ana nō paha e neʻe. Akā, aohe mea ma ka noi, ina i ka wa e ku ma ka like holo kaʻa kālā. Ma kekahi wahi, i ka hele pua i loko o ka ia wahi. Nolaila, eʻoniʻole. Simplicius ua kālaiʻia kēia paradox i loko o ka concise palapala: "lele mea ninoaaeyao like i kekahi wahi ma ka makahiki, a me ka mea i like ai i kekahi wahi ma ka makahiki,ʻaʻole e neʻe. Nolaila, o ka mea hoʻonuiʻanuʻu. " Himalia Felopon ua kālaiʻia a me nā 'ano like nā kinolau.

"Dichotomy"

Ua lawe lua o ka wahi i loko o ka papa inoa "Zeno ka paradox". Ua heluhelu ia penei: "Ma mua o ka mea i hoʻomaka 'o ka neʻeʻana, e e hiki ke hele i kekahi mamao aku,ʻo ia pono lanakila i ka hapalua o ke alanui, alaila, me ka hapalua o ka i koe, a no laila, ma ka hoʻolaha ma infinitum ... No ka hapalua o Hoʻohana e hai māhele mamao a pau ka manawa i finite, a me ka helu o nā'āpana poʻohiwi o kaʻikepili mea mana loa, he mea hiki ole i ka lanakila i ka loihi o ka finite manawa. A me keia i kekahi manaʻo hoʻopiʻi mea i pololei ia o ka mamao o ka poe liilii, a me ka kiʻekiʻe ka māmā holo. No laila, i kekahi neʻe ole i ke Akua. Ia mea, he kanaka mama hiki ole i kona kaumaha. "

Kēia paradox ua loa piha ua'ōleloʻia Simplicius, kuhikuhi mai ia i loko o keia hihia, Ua pono ka finite manawa e hana i mana loa helu o ka pā ai. "O ka mea hele mai i kekahi mea, ke alakaʻi i ka manual, akā, he mana loa helu hiki i kēia heluna o a me ka helu." A, e like me ka ua kālaiʻia Philoponus, he mana loa helu o indefinable.

"Achilles"

I ike i ka paradox o Zeno ka honu. 'O kēia ka loa hanohano hoʻopaʻapaʻa o ka poe akeakamai. Kēia paradox ana Achilles paʻi ma ka heihei me ke kuhukukū, a ua haawiia mai ma ka hoʻomaka 'ana o ka uuku handicap. Ke paradox o ka Greek koa e ole e e hiki ke hopu i me ka honu, no ka mea, holo ai a hiki i ka lae o kona Launch mua, a me ia e ia ma luna o ka kekahi wahi. Ia mea, ke kuhukukū, e mau ia ma mua o Achilles.

Kēia paradox ka mea i like loa me ka dichotomy, akā, he mea he mana loa mahele hele e like me ka Holomua. Ma ka hihia o ka dichotomy ua regression. No ka laʻana, ka mea ia runner hiki ole olalo, no ka mea, hiki ole haʻalele kona wahi. A i loko o ke kahua me Achilles, a hiki ina e loaa i ke kanaka mama ma lalo o ke ala mai o ka wahi, ka mea nō e ole e hele mai e holo mai ana.

"Poe hipa"

Inā mākou e hoohalike ai i na paradoxes o Zeno ma ke degere o ka pilikia, e hele mai mai keia i ka uwa maila. He mea ole, e hāʻawi aku i loko o nā exposition. Simplicius a Aristotle i ho'ākāka 'ia i kēia loulou mea fragmentary, a hiki ole ia me 100% oiaio, e hilinai aku maluna o kona pono. ? Aeiino? Oeoey o keia paradox o ke kēia: E A1, A2, A3 a me A4 e paa like me ka nui o na kino, a me ka B1, B2, B3 a me ka B4 - he kino o ka ia nui, e like me A. ke kino B e neʻe aku i ka pono no laila, i kēlā me kēia B hele a no kekahi manawa, i ka ka mea uuku wā mawaena o ka manawa o nā mea a pau. E B1, B2, B3 a me ka B4 - kino'ālike ia A a me B, a ua neʻe i pili i ka A i ka hema, ka uhaʻiʻana i kēlā me kēia o nā kino i loko o ka manawa.

Ka mea, ua maopopo i nā mea a pau eha lanakila B1 kino B. E iā mākou no pa alima manawa, ka mea, i ke kino hookahi no e hooholo ia i loko o kekahi kino B. Ma keia hihia, i ka neʻeʻana a pau pono eha 'iniha, kapuaʻi. Naʻe, ka mea i manaʻo i nā heluʻai, i ka hope no kēia neʻeʻana i e ka palena haʻahaʻa, a no ia mea, - ua indivisible. Mai keia ka mea, penei i ka indivisible ke kuʻikahi, eha, he mau indivisible naehana.

"Location"

No laila, e 'oe i ka walaʻauʻana paradoxes o Zeno o Elea. Ua koe, e hōʻike ana i ka la mahope, i ka ike i "ka Place". Kēia paradox o Zeno Aristotle kailaʻae. Similar manaʻo hoʻopiʻi kū'ē i kākau i nā loko o nā palapala o Simplicius a me Philoponus ma ka 6th kenekulia BC. e ka. Here Aristotle nā kūkākūkā e pili ana i keia mea hilo i loko o kona ke kālaikūlohea: "Inā he mea kekahi wahi, pehea e ho oholo i kahi ia o ka moana? Ka pilikia, i hele mai Zenon, pono ka wehewehe. No ka mea, na mea a pau e koe mai kekahi wahi, ka mea, ua maopopo ia ma kekahi wahi no ia i wahi, a no laila, ma luna o. D. To infinity. " E like me ka hapanui poe akeakamai, aia no he paradoxʻaneʻi, no ka mea, o ka mea he hiki ole e okoa mai ia ia iho, a na loko iho. Philoponus manaoio ia ma ka hoʻomālama ma ka hoʻoponopono-contradictory manaʻo o "wahi", Zeno i makemake e hōʻoleʻia kāna i ka kumumanaʻo o ka multiplicity.