Natural mea nui maʻi: ano, kumu a me ka lapaʻau

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o maoli mea nui ka maʻi mea i ko lakou poe kanaka pathogens pū i hiki mai na manu a me na holoholona. Nō kāu, ka EYI ia lŘlŘ Via i ke nahu o ke koko-keikihipa omo nā mea kolo e like me makika. Ma kekahi maoli pulakaumaka hiki coexist mau pathogens - .. koʻohune, nā mea hoʻomaʻi, ilo, protozoa, etc. I mea e hoʻopale ai i ku e maoli mea nui maʻi, he nui no a ho oweliweli i ka hoʻoweliweli 'nui ola kanaka ka i, ia mea nui ia i ka' ike e pili ana i ka 'ole o ka EYI a me kāu kiʻina hana o ka Kāohi maʻi.

He aha ka ke "maoli hale"?

Ka hopuna'ōlelo "maoli pulakaumaka" maka 'ana i ka mea ana i ke kumu o ka maʻiʻaʻai i koe ma ano. Maʻi lele-hanau, a ma kona ano maoli mea nui maʻi i pili i kekahi mau biogeocenoses. Activators o maoli mea nui ka maʻi kamaʻilioʻana, e hohola mai kānaka a hiki i na holoholona, a 'o ia hoʻi i ke kanaka i mea i loko o ka like biogeocoenose i e iho mailoko o. Ma keia hihia na pathogens pū i hiki i naʻano likeʻole: ma insectʻaki, ana, maloo hana lepo o iho mailoko holoholona, a pela aku ...

Aʻo me kēia E. N. Pavlovskogo

Ke ao ana o maoli mea nui ka maʻi Academician Pavlovsky o kekahi o ka piʻi like loa poʻokela o liluwelo 'epekema.

Pavlovsky ana hākālia nō ia i ka mokuna o kekahi Landskap, eiaʻekeʻeke o ka maʻi i hiki ke pū i hiki ai i kānaka. Mau foci i hanaʻia i loko o ka lōʻihi evolutionary biogeocoenose.

Natural mea nui maʻi ia lŘlŘ ia i ka mea ia manawa, he ekolu loulou:

• heluna o pathogens;
• heluna o nā holoholona i nā kaua i'ōlelo mai (Reservoir) maʻi pathogens;
• maʻi lele heluna kanaka pathogens.

No ka laʻana, he ano maoli mea nui maʻi nā pendinskaya ulcers, he pono ole i loko o kekahi mau mea o Central Asia. Leishmania nō ka causative Agena o ka maʻi. Reservoir o Leishmania i na gerbils - uuku rodents e noho ana ma na waonahele. A Leishmania Neʻe ma mosquitoʻaki.

I kekahi wahi i e ka poʻe noho mau foci o ka maʻi, e mea nui ka wā ulu kāohi ana e noonoo.

ʻano o maoli foci

Natural mea nui maʻi hiki ia i mau hoailona ia mea:

• monovektornoe - i loko o ka EYI o pathogens mai kekahi meaola i kekahi ke komo i loko wale nō hoʻokahi lawe;
• polyvector - EYI i e kekahi mauʻano o nā moku halihali mokulele.

EN Pavlovsky kaukahi, no na mai i kekahi ano o maoli foci - antropourgicheskie. Ka muli o kēia mau-oaio? A aie i ka hana kanaka, a me ka hiki ana o kekahi mau nā moku halihali mokulele e OIeEOEIeAeEIIe, i synanthropic ka'āina. Oia nā moku halihali mokulele, e like me makika a me ticks, e loaʻaʻano nui i loko o hoʻokiwikā paha kua'āina napoo ana no hoi, i ka mea kokoke i ka kanaka e noho ai.

Vectors maoli mea nui ka maʻi

Natural mea nui nā mea palahēhē hiki ke palahalaha ae ma nā 'ano o nā moku halihali mokulele: kekahi, a nonspecific. Ma meaola kekahi nā moku halihali mokulele causative Agena hele kekahi o nā kuʻina o ko lākou ola kalapona: multiplies, kūkulu, a me ka hoi mai o ka hua manu huli i loko o ka larva. Ke causative hope ke malama i kona nui oihana i loko o ke kino wale i ka kekahi transporter, e ke hakuloli i ia mea i loko o ka papa o ka evolution.

Nonspecific vectors pathogens mechanically nee aku no ia. Ma keia hihia, no ka causative Agena o ka manawa pōkole loa, a ma luna o nā proboscis, a ma ka naʻau liʻiliʻi o ke kanaka hoʻouna.

Pehea maʻiʻaʻai ke kānāwai?

Maʻiʻaʻai maoli mea nui maʻi ke hana i loko o kekahi mau aoao:

• hanalima mea hoʻohaumia pili i ka hana lawe mai ma luna o ka mokuna o ka ulu mau mea, a kokoke ia ia, o ka maʻiʻaʻai ke hana ana i kūkulu 'ole kālai lāʻauʻana ana i kaʻohiʻana i kahiia, ka lau, a no laila, ma luna a pela aku..;
• mea hoʻohaumia ia ke hoʻohana i ke kau, e eiooaa?: pinepine rodents i ke hoʻouna i nā mea palahēhē, e noho ma ka hale a nana e hookahe i ke kau, mea hoʻohaumia i hoʻomaka ai ka wā ana maloʻo hana lepo o kaʻiole, a iole;
• wahi lulu popilikia maʻiʻaʻai mea pinepine ia lŘlŘ ma ka home, a i kahi kokoke i ka ulu lāʻau, ka mea i ku pono i ka mea e rodents komo i loko o ka a pau i hookaheia, haleahuaila a ma na wahi e ola ana;
• maʻiʻaʻai oiai pōkole lima i loko o ka ulu lāʻau, no ka laʻana, me ka holoholo a? anainoe huakaʻi.

Ka loa, he pono ole ka maʻi

Tick-hanau encephalitis - he maʻi maoli mea nui wehewehe aku ma ka loa intoxication a me ka pio ana o ka lolo a me ka spinal kaula. Ma nā mea maʻi hoʻomōhala paakiki irreversible neurological poino, o hiki mai ona.

Japanese encephalitis - he huʻi maʻi, 'ia me ka lolo poino a me kona membranes. Lawe o Japanese encephalitis mosquito. Main symptoms: lethargy, luhi, olelo kāna hana a me ka hihiʻo, kuni, ole a me ka luaʻi. Ke lethal hoʻokūkū ua malama i loko o 40-70% o ka hihia.

Rabies - kekahi o ka noho pilikia loa maoli mea nui ka maʻi. Hoailona nā restlessness, hypersensitivity i huali malamalama, Kanikani'āʻula, ke kāʻili 'ana, rabies. Ke hoomanawanui ike hallucinations, iʻano pākīkē.

Wawae a me ka waha - maʻi ua maoli mea nui ka hoohuoi ana mucous membranes, periungual moe a me nā pā ma waena o nā manamanalima. Pathogen komo i ke kino ma ka ai. Omaka FMD pahi lawa, 'ia me ka pahikaua e hoea ma ana wela. Most maikaʻi prognosis, eia nae na keiki i ka mahina complications nui.

Anthrax - i ka maʻi, he mau 'ano apau loa: cutaneous a me ka septic. Ke cutaneous palapala Ua wehewehe aku ma ka mea i loaʻa i lehulehu ulcers. Kēia palapala e hoʻomōhala ana i lohi lakou e maona ai a me ka maikaʻi-treatable. Septic palapala Ua oi mea pepehi make kānāwai pono i kekahi mau lā.

Kāohi maoli mea nui mai

Pavlovsky ao ana o maoli mea nui ka maʻi i i ka, alahula mau hopena ma ke kokoke, e Kāohiʻana. Ia initially ka nui ana o ka Kāohiʻana o ka maʻi'ōkuʻu ua hana maikaʻiʻole o ka iho mailoko o kanaka, a me ka make ana o vectors, e like me makika a me ticks, i keia la i ka papa kuhikuhiE Pahuhopu o ka hoʻopau o ka holoholona Reservoir.

I mea e hoʻopale ai ia lakou iho, mai maoli mea nui maʻi, ia mea nui, e malama i ka helu o ke kāohi ana: e e 'āwīwī vaccinations, i ole hele i ka habitats o nā holoholona i nā nā moku halihali mokulele o pathogens, e like me ka hoʻopale ia lakou iho, maiʻaki o insect vectors ka hoʻohana' ana i ka paʻa lole a me ka hoʻohana 'ana kūikawā repellents .