Nikolai Erdman: Kawaihae, kiʻi. Nikolai Erdman a Angelina Stepanova

Soviet nō ka waiwai i loko o ka inoa o na mea he nui kanaka kaulana: ka mea kākau a me scriptwriters a me playwrights. I kekahi o kēia mau mea akamai luna ua Nikolai Erdman, kona Kawaihae ua uukuʻike. A nae ka mea, i ka mea nāna i kākau i nā screenplays ia pono-ike Film o ka Soviet au hou no, e like me "Volga-Volga" a me ka "Iole mau hoa". E noonoo i ka moʻolelo o ko keia kanaka ka ola a me kona 'oihana i loko o nui au mamuli.

Wā kamaliʻi a me ka adolescence

Nikolai Erdman Ua like kahiko me ke kenekulia, i hānauʻo ia i loko o 1900. Kona kulanakauhale ponoi, ua Moscow. Na makua wā e hiki mai screenwriter a me ka playwright no i kekahi mau nationalities: makuwahine Valentina Borisovna i Iudaio aʻa, a me kona makua kāne, Robert Karlovich hele mai, mai ka Baltic kēia kanaka Kelemānia.

I ka wā e hiki mai mea kākau a me ka haku mele ua pono? Anoee, a e hoʻokele e hōʻike wale me he haumāna maikaʻi i loko o Petropavlovsk kālepa kula.

Ke kipi i loaʻa iā ia nā kānaka uʻi, oia ho opa ao kona ola hoʻololi. I ka 1919, ua koho 'i loko o ka Red Army, Nikolai Erdman ua hiki ke demobilize i ka makahiki.

Ma hope iho o ka demobilization o ke kanaka opiopio ua komo 'o ia mai ka makakū kaiapuni o Moscow. He lilo hoihoi i loko o Popular laila imagism, i kākau poem no na mele, a i laila, hana i loko o ka cabaret, satirical hana a me ka hana keaka. Koke la ia mea i kona inoa i loko o ka moʻolelo keaka wale 'ia, a ua kono i ka'ōpio mea kākau i ka hale kiaka like me ka playwright, i ka pahikaua a me ka tenacious peni.

waena makahiki

Nā twenties o ka 20th kenekulia he i Erdman loa hoʻomāhuahua ai. He Ua hana pū 'ana me ka kaulana V. E. Meyerholdom. Ka mea, ua kakau iho la Nikolai Erdman i nā hāʻina o nā haʻawina o ka hana keaka i kapaia "Ka he pepehi anaʻia iā iho" a me ka "mandate", i i brilliantly o ke kahua ma ka Moscow hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni.

I ka makahiki 1927, ma ka ola o ka playwright he au hou - ia i lilo i scriptwriter. Ka loa kaulana o kēlā mau makahiki i kona kōmi'ōkuhi i kākau 'ia no ka hōʻike "Iole mau hoa". Eia naʻe, i loko o ka makahiki 1933, ka scriptwriter, i hopu, a hookuu mai ka'āina'ē wale nō ma hope o nā makahikiʻekolu.

Ma hope o ka hihia Erdman hiki ole ke noho ma Moscow, ka mea, he e noho i loko o Ryazan a me Kalinin. I ka 1940, ua neʻe ke kākau i Saratov.

I ka wa i hoouna aku ai i ka hope o ka Great Patriotic War, Erdman like politically unreliable kanaka. Naʻe, ka mea, ua i ke kaua hoʻololi i ka mea kākau moʻolelo o ka ola. A me ka Concert brigade, hoomaka ae la oia e hele aku ma luna o nā fronts kaua, e hana e like me ka Mea Keaka a me ka reciter.

Ma hope o ke kaua, hoʻopaʻi minoʻaka 'o Randy Edman, a me ka ia i ho'āʻo i ka hele, nonoi, a mai ole nei iluna hou e nema aku ana i ka aina o ka alakaʻi (no ka mea, o ka noʻonoʻo loi, a ua hopu koke ia). He hana like me ka mea kākau,ʻano nui me he playwright, oia ua hana pū 'ana me ke alakai hale kiʻiʻoniʻoni hou o ka aina, a ma ka 1951, ua hiki i hookoia ka Stalin uku.

Nikolai Erdman make i ka makahiki 1970, ua kanuʻia i loko o Moscow.

Erdman a NKVD

I ka moolelo o ka hopu mua Erdman nā lā hoʻi i ka makahiki 1933. A laila, i ka luna hoʻokele o ka ho film, a me Nikolai Erdman i noho ai i loko o Gagra, kahi kanaka i pana slike "Iole mau hoa". Naʻe, ka mea i pau ai tragically no Erdman. He Ua hopuia e ka NKVD. Noiʻi o kana hana paipai ana i ke kumu no ka hopu ana i ke kikokikona o ka manao lapuwale, satirical hoohewaia oia kiʻi o Stalin, i kākauʻia e Erdmann, a me ka heluhelu i kekahi o ka palapala, ai 'ahiahi Katchalov Mea Keaka.

Ma waho aʻeo i ka hopu ana o Erdman kakali kekahi poho, - ka mea kuhikuhi G. Alexandrov i puʻe wale e kāpae i kona inoa, mai ka ho'ēmi 'ia "Iole mau hoa".

Eia naʻe, i loko o kēlā mau makahikiʻoʻoleʻa me Erdmann hele malie mai la a lawa: i ka hapless kākau moʻolelo a hoʻokuewa wale 'ia Siberia (ma Yeniseysk, a laila, - ma Tomsk). Liberation, mai ke pioʻana i wale i ka 1936. Naʻe, i ka playwright i infringed na pono o kekahi mau oi makahiki, a ua e ia i loko o ke kūlanakauhale kokoke o Moscow,ʻaʻole i hiki ke noho i loko o ke poʻo, ma kahi āna i hānau.

Nikolai Erdman a me Angelina Stepanova: he aloha moʻolelo

Bright 'aoʻao i loko o ka playwright ka ola, hoomaka ae la ka hoʻokolokolo me ka mea hana keaka Angelina Stepanova. Erdman a Stepanova hui ma Moscow ma na 20s. He mauʻohana (aole nae Erdman i noho i loko o ka kivila mare ana me kekahi o nā hula, akā, Stepanova mare ua kupono a me ka respectable). E like me ka hopena, hoomaka ae la oia i ka puahiohio Awaits o kanaka loea elua, ka mea i hana mau ia ma ke ola a me ka palapala.

Angelina Stepanova hiki ole ke ku imua o ke kaulua, ke ola, a haʻalele i kāna kāne, akā, Erdman i wikiwiki e lilo celibate. Akā, i ko lakou hele ana hoʻokolokolo. Stepanova i ole haalele Erdmann a hiki i ka wa i hopu ia boyfriend. Eia hoʻi, e ka wahine, i ka mea hana keaka kaulana, ua hiki ke loaa i kona poe i waeia mitigate i kona hopena. Love mea hana keaka i Edman ua ai nui ia ia, kena ae la ia i ka malu kipa kana ipo i loko o ka loulou.

Eia naʻe, ma hope o ke aʻo 'ana i ua ole hele Erdmann, a keʻuwao me kona pono ole-kānāwai wahine, Stepanov hiki ole ola i kēia puupuu a me ka hoʻokaʻawale auaneʻi au ano laulea me kana ipo. A papani iho la i ko lakou mau palapala, a mau ae la ia no 7 makahiki.

I ka hopena o ke aloha hana keaka

Lokomaikaʻi Erdman a me Stepanova Wāwahi. Ka mea hana keaka i mare i ka mea kākau moʻolelo Alexander Fadeyev. Mua ipo halawai wale nō 22 makahiki ma hope. Ma keia halawai ana pēnēia Stepanova i kākau ai i loko o kona diary like me ka poinaʻole minute o kona ola. Ka oi ka mea, ua ike ole ike.

Stepanov aʻo e pili ana i Erdman ka make, i ka huakaʻi ma Kiev. I kona hoʻolewa,ʻo ia ka noonoo e i i hele.

Kēia mana a me ka wahine maikai ola kana ipo no 30 makahiki. I ka pau ana o ke ola, ninini mai i kona uhane i loko o kona diary, ua walania iho la ia hoʻomanaʻo aʻela i ka mōʻaukala o kona aloha, no ko ianei manao i ka mea, Erdman hiki ke hoola i kou manaʻo. Stepanova i ikaika minamina Erdman hoʻopaʻi, e manaoio ana oia i ua me kona tālena nui, a i ole kahu ai, e lawe i ka pono wahi i loko o Lūkini moʻokalaleo.

Alu like 'ana me ka hale kiaka ma Taganka

He nui na hana i kākau 'ia no kona ola Erdman Nikolay Robertovich, Kawaihae o keia e hooiaioia mai ke kanaka.

Ma ka lua o ka hapalua o kona makakū ke ola i ka wa a ka mea kākau moʻolelo kau ole wale i ka haawe ana o ka hala makahiki, akā, i ke ano awaawa o "unreliable", oia ua kōkua nui i kona maikai hoa - keaka kau wela Yuri Lyubimov. Me Lyubimov Erdman halawai mai i ka kaua (ka mea, hana pu i loko o hoʻokahi alo Kantserna brigade).

It Lyubimov, he loea a me ka 'ikepili koʻikoʻi ke kanaka, ua hiki ke ike ma Nikolae Robertoviche untapped tālena. Lyubimov, e lilo ana i ka luna kau wela, ua kau nui Erdmann Radio ma luna o ke kahua o ka hale kiaka. He mahalo i ka Taganka Theatre Erdmann ua hiki i kekahi manawa hou haha aku i ke anaina e koi i ka playwright.

ʻike hoʻokumu Erdman: kinoraboty na keiki

Hoikehonua, kiʻiʻoniʻoni manaʻo i Erdman Nikolay Robertovich, aole hiki ke hoʻopau ai i ke hoʻomaopopo i ko lakou halawai tālena. A oia palapala iho la i ka kōmi'ōkuhi nui no na Film, i mea laila miliona o ka Mea Nānā kiai me ka uku hoopanee.

Erdman ua loea i loko o na mea a pau, i ka wā aʻu i hana ma luna o nā moʻolelo keaka no ka poʻe hoʻokalakupua kaʻao ( "Ahi, ka wai a me ke keleawe paipu", "anu", "City o Masters" a no laila, ma luna o. D.). Ma hope o kona hopu ia ana, a hoʻokuewa wale 'ia filmmakers makau iho la lakou, e kono aku ia ia e hana ma ke kōmi'ōkuhi no ka mea ho film, akā, he nui ia Erdman pohihihi hou kupaʻa, no laila ia hana me ka kōmi'ōkuhi kākau moʻolelo no ka oi mamua o 30 Soviet Cartoons. I waena o ia mau mea kaulana Cartoons me "wahi kanaka unuhi ae la iaʻu", "Na Hawaii o Pinocchio", "Thumbelina", a no laila, ma luna o. D.

Value hanaia'na Erdman

He nui uaʻikeʻo ia ma kona ola ana i ka haku mele, kākau moʻolelo, screenwriter a me ka playwright Nikolai Erdman. Photos o keia kanaka i ma kona ola, e mākou ike ana i ka olelo ma luna o kona wahi maka. Inā i nā kiʻi ma luna o ke kūlana uʻi a hoolohe i ka uuku ironic Look'ōpio mea kākau i nā moeʻuhane, e hoʻomaopopo iā lākou iho i loko o ke ola, i ka hope, ua ike ka pöʻino helehelena o ke māluhiluhi kanaka.

Kekahi wā i kapaʻia Erdmann hope. Ma hope o nā mea a pau, ma muli naʻe o kona mau talena, ua hikiʻole i ka piha ike lakou ia lakou iho ma ka moʻokalaleo, ola ka halepaahao, hoʻokuewa wale 'ia a me ka Ban kana mau hana, a me kona kino ola, ma naʻe o ka mare ekolu, o ka mea kākau moʻolelo i ole lawe wahi. Ae, ka mea, ua pau i loko o ke ola ana o Nikolai Erdman, akā, no ke kanaka i kekahi puu, e hana ma luna o ka honua, no laila, e ole e waihoia kona inoa i ka oblivion.