Northern kānaka a me kā lākou moʻomeheu

Mua, anthropologists helu 45 kekahi mau lāhui kanaka e noho ana i loko o ka hoʻohalahala aniau o ka North. Ka mea, e noho ma ka liʻiliʻi, kēlā mea kēia mea i kona 'ōlelo iho, loina a me ka hoʻomana hilinaʻi.

ʻO wai i ka akau lāhui kanaka?

Ka manaʻo o "na kanaka a pau o ka North" ua increasingly nāu kekahi me ka hua'ōlelo " 'ê". E like me ka oihana i na kii, i kēia mau mea i ka poe, i ka helu o ka elele o ka i mai i oi aku i ka paepae puka o ka 50 000 kanaka. Naʻe, ina na kahua kaua eʻaʻole e hiki ke kiʻi i ka poʻe nō mea i oi keia helu, akā, e noho ana ma ke kūkulu'ākau, lakou i hoomaikai ai i ka mooolelo kahiko o ko lākou mau kūpuna, e like me au i ka ia hoʻomana. I Ina ina ua noonoo na kanaka a pau o ka Hōʻole akula North wale ma ka liʻiliʻi loa, i ke kiolaʻia mai, mai ka papa inoa o Komi, Karelia a Yakuts. He He 'ano nui pūʻulu.

loio i mana

I ka 1995, muaʻikeʻia oi pololei papa inoa o nā lāhui pūʻulu a me nā lāhui kanaka o ka North, ka mea e noho wale ma keia aoao o Rusia, akā, no hoi e aua ai i na mooolelo moʻomeheu a me ko ka hale ona. Ua nā a Komi a Yakuts, i ole reindeer. ola a pau o ia i loko o ka poe liilii, IIeEeAIEUIeXAIIUE wahi, kekahi mau hana, a he hapa o ka nui lāhui mau papa. Noiʻi i mau kamailio e pili ana i na kanaka o ka Akau a me Siberia, mai ka aina i noho ma ka pūʻulu liʻiliʻi o Lūkini.

I ka makahiki 1999, i ka hana o ke aupuni, haawi hou ho'ākāka 'ana. Northern kanaka ike i ka poe e noho ana i loko o kona mokuna, i kahi hookahi noho lākou mau kūpuna, i kā lākou mau 'ōlelo, ka malama ana i ka mooolelo o ka hoʻohana' ana i ka iaʻano o kaʻai a me ka uuku o kanalima tausani kanaka. I mea, ua holoiʻia epekema ma kahi o 30% o ka lāhui nā pūʻulu.

I ka makahiki 2000, i ka manawa mua a pau o nā kānaka a uuku o ka North hoohui ia ma ka olelo palapala. Ka papa inoa o ka 45 kaulana a me keia la ka lāhui i nā pūʻulu. Kēlā me kēia no ia e noho ana i loko o kona mokuna, komo i loko o kekahi koʻa, a ma ka hui 'ana me ke koena o ka heluna o ka Russian Hui, e like me ka rula, ma ke kalepa. Pela i waiho waho lākou moʻomeheu 'ano a me ka pū i hiki i waiwai kūpuna.

Kokoke heʻumikumamāhiku o nā mea a pau kēia mau mea i oi aku mamua o 1,500 kanaka i loko o kona haku mele 'ana.

Northern kānaka i loa akahele hai aku i ke kaiapuni. Ka mea, e imi ana i ke kumu i ka puni kula, hoopai ka palena haʻahaʻa poino.

He nui no ia i, e hoʻololi i ka kaianoho koholā, akā, i hookuu i ka mea ia manawa hoʻololi lākou mau lāhui 'ia i loko o ka papa o ka mōʻaukala.

loaʻa kālā

No ka lōʻihi manawa i wale kaʻana kanaka o ka North me kekahi i kekahi. Ka mea, haawi mai la i ka oi huina hoonui, a lawe i ka kekahi mea, pono. Me i waiwai no ka maʻamau o ana, e like me kekahi mau fertilizers, nā minelala hao, a no laila, ma luna o.

I ka wā kahiko, ka mea, māʻalo aʻela kekahi i kekahi, a hiki i ka pohaku paea, mai a e hana i na mea paahana no ka imi mea hihiu ana.

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ano o ka lawaia ana no ka hapanui o kēia mau kanaka nei:

• reindeer;
• ka lawaia;
• 'ohi';
• horticulture.

He nui ke ano o ka naciiiuo Polenekia, oiai i holoholona forays hana ai a me ka oihana a me nā poʻe e noho ana ma kēia mau aina.

Ka nui Neʻekau

Northern kanaka i me ka nui loa hoano ma hope o 10,000 makahiki aku nei, hoomaka ae la hauneneʻe e hehee. I loko o keia hapa o ka kŰia o kūloko lāhui pūʻulu mea i noho i loko o ka Central paha hema hapa o ka aina, ia E neʻe i i ka'ākau nā panalāʻau e.

Ka mea hiki ke hōʻike 'ia ma ka 'ōlelo hui :

• Evens, Dolgan, Evenki, a he nui nā kānaka o ka Hōʻole akula North i Turkic a me Tungus-Manchurian pūʻulu;
• Nenets, Nganasan, Selkup a me Enets e pili ana i ka 'ōlelo kaiaulu Samoyed;
• Yukagirs i Paleosiberian, hoʻohuiʻia nā mea a pau i lawe mai ai i loko o kā lākou moʻomeheu o na kanaka o ka Akau, a me kaʻAʻole loa East;
• Khanty, Mansi a me Sami i kekahi pūʻulu kaawale o Finno-Ugric 'ōlelo a pau.

Yukagir ana i pena i ua loaʻa i loko o nā mauna o ka Angara. Ano ka mea, a pau e noho ana ma ka akau loa o Rusia. He nui i pau ai i loko o ka Arctic.

Over manawa, a me au hoʻololi i ka 'ōlelo, a me ka helehelena o ka nomads. Lākou kino ua hakuloli e hoolilo hau hoʻopale.

Moʻomeheu o na kanaka a pau o ka North

I ka moʻomeheu o kēlā me kēia lāhui pūʻulu mea kū hoʻokahi a me ka inimitable. I loko nō o ka helu ana, i ka lāhui heluna aʻo 'ōlelo kūpuna, e malama moʻomeheu kuʻuna Hawaiʻi.

Kēlā me kēia olelo, a ua oleloia mai e kekahi a kekahi lāhui pūʻulu ua maheleia i loko o kekahi mauʻano subspecies.

No ka laʻana, malaila i Chukchee elima paha o lakou i kekahi mau olelo. Kēlā me kēia no i mea ano o ka hana i ho'ākāka 'wahi i loko o a lakou i noho ai.

nā loina

Indigenous People pono malama kahiko kaao haawiia mai, mai ia hanauna aku ia hanauna aku. Lākou mau kaao hiki ke wehe i ka hanana Hawaiʻi kŰia. Noiʻi i nō kākau a pau na kanaka o ka akau kanaka, e ai i moʻolelo. Me ke kōkua o ia oe ke maopopo i keʻano o ka hanaʻana i hoʻomaka ai i mau kanaka no na kenekulia.

Traditional icai mālama kēlā me kēia makahiki ma ka mōʻaukala o ka ohana, kekahi i Hawaiʻi. Mele loina, mele, ka hula - a pau o ia mea, no ka malamaia e kūloko nā kaiāulu.

mea moʻomeheu

I Kekahi Mau mau manao ma luna o ke kapa i ka hoailona o ke kaawale ana no kela a me keia o na kanaka. Nō hoʻi, pinepine i loko o nā loina kapa northerners hou, e hoohuli mai i ke ola o ko lākou poʻe kūpuna kiʻi. 'Oe ke' ike i ka wai motifs ma luna o ka lole o ka poʻe lāhui pūʻulu i i hoʻoili ma ka lawaia me ka nui lawaia. Images ikeia dia reindeer herders.

Kēlā me kēia no ka lāhui pūʻulu ua wehewehe aku ma kona hale i kūkuluʻia ma lalo o ka wahi o ka noho, kūpono o ka hana. Nomadic ohana pele kukulu? Aiaiiuie nā hale e hiki ke hoopuni disassembled no ka mea makemake i ke neʻe i kekahi wahi.

Like no ka ai, a laila, na kanaka o ka North ua nō malamaia ka hula ala, e malama ai - maloʻo ia. Ua apono 'mākou e puku i ka mau Pahu Hau. No ka laʻana, ka mea ka maloʻoʻana diaʻai, ka iʻa, heʻano o nā hua, Fish, lāʻau ikiʻai a pau i loko o ka hapanui mau o North Rusia.

Holo nōhie, na elele o kēia mau lāhui pūʻulu i komo i loko o maka ai. Ka mea, e ole kukeʻana i kaʻiʻo a me ka hua, lāʻau ikiʻai a me ka iʻa, hoopakela aku e ai ia maka. Maoli ai, keia mea hiki, no ka mea mahana kākaʻikahi piʻi ma luna o 'Aʻohe.

hoomana

Ma ka'ākau Rusia uaʻaʻole Karistiano,ʻaʻole hoʻi Muslim, aole hoi kekahi meaʻokoʻa aku. Ia mea no ia mea, e loaʻa koe primitive hilinaʻi. Ua mea o ka hoihoi nui i ka noiʻi a me theologians. E hoohalike ai no ka kūloko heluna e radically oko mai ia mai o nā lāhui kanaka.

Nō paʻa ma kiʻekiʻeʻia shamans. Mau kanaka aloha mau kahawai ana i hanaʻi ma waena o ka uhane ao a me ka kanaka i hoʻolilo 'ia. Ka mea, hana like psychologists, kauka a me ka hoʻomana kumu.

E like me ia lāhui 'ōiwi, ano - he ola meaola. Na mea a pau i ka uhane a me ka mea hiki i nā kōkua, a ia ia ka poino. Ia mea no keia mea, e na kanaka a pau o ka North hoʻi i ka uhane o ka holoholona, ulu lāʻau, na mauna a me nā mea kanu. Ka mea, pono kūikawā mahalo no ka poʻe mākua. Me ka mahalo, ua ike hoi, e kōkua kā lākou mau hoahanau ka mea. Eia hou, e hoahu i ka hoao ana lilo lāhui i kona ola.

Interestingly, ka shamanism o ka North ka mea, e hana me ka Mauna moʻomeheu. Inā mākou e huki i ka laua, ka mea e e kokoke ana i ka mea makau iho la lakou voodoo. Akā, e like me ka hope, i ka shamans e hoʻohana i ko lakou ike pono loa.

mōʻaukala 'ike

He nui nā manaʻo i ka cradle o ko ke ao nei ka heluna o Mesopotamia a me ka moku'āina o ka Sumerians. Ua Ua manaoio ia kanaka originated i loko oʻAigupita. Paha, hoomaka ae la na kanaka mua, e makaikai i China a India. Naʻe, kaʻoi loa keia koi i kekahi ke.

Akā, he mea na kumu e manaoio ia Rusia kekahi koi ana i ke kūlana o kekahi o ka mea kahiko Hawaii. Northern kanaka i noho ai iʻaneʻi 9000 makahiki aku nei. Aka, i loaʻa nā mea kaua a me ka maʻamau o mea ae mai, e olelo aku no ia. He hiki i mua hoike ana o ka manawa no e loaa.

Of mau hoihoi i loko o kēia e pili ana i Yukaghirs. Kēia lāhui kanaka ua manaoia e ia i ka loa kahiko, a me kona mau aa e hele aku i ka mythical Hyperboreans. E like me ka hiki i kekahi mana, ka mea pono e manao like i nā kūpuna o ka Chukchi, e like me kā lākou mauʻaoʻao o ke ola ua maikaʻi loa hoʻomākaukau no ka Arctic. Eia hou, ka mea, ua mamao loa mamua o ka mea'ē aʻe ohana ma o ka nui o ka 'ike loea hou.

Inā mākou e kamailio e pili ana i ka muli loa 'ê o ka North - o na ipu. Kēia lāhui pūʻulu i hana wale nō i loko o ka hapalua like-19th kenekulia, i ka wa a ka Lūkini tsars hoomaka ae la e 'Imi makaikai i ka aina o Ussuriysk. Kaʻaluna o kekahi mau 'ano' okoʻa nationalities (Nanai, Udeghes, Pākē), loaʻa iā lākou iho ma ka hoʻokaʻawale ua alakai ai i ka muli o ka hou pūʻulu.