'O Igor Grabar, ke ki'i "Rime" - kekahi o nā māhele maika'i loa o ka pena ki'i Līkini

Ma ka Soviet Union, ua'ike nā kānaka a pau iā Igor Grabar. 'O ka ki'i "Ma ka pō'o Malaki" i ma'a i nā puke. Poʻokela Lūkini artist, kaulana hoola hou a me ka loea nō ia nā kumu kāki no ka mau-buke monograph e pili ana Ile Repine Stalin uku, i alohaʻia e he nui no nā hana a me ka loa Igor Emmanuilovich nani Landskap o Lūkini ano.

'O ka wahine Lūkini i hānau ma waho

Kona makua kāne i he lâlâ o ka'Aukekulia hale kanawai, no laila, i ka wā e hiki mai,''he mea hoolea o Lūkini ano Grabar (kiʻi "Ka February azure" - ka clearest maopopo) i hānau i loko o Pukapeka. Ua bapetizo'ia'o ia ma ka'Okekoki, a'o kāna kaikamahine'o ia ka makuakāne o ka mea kaulana kaulana Lūkini'o Kustodiev, ka mea nāna e kākau i kekahi ki'i kaulana'o Igor Emmanuilovich. I ka makahiki 1880, lawe'o Olga Grabar i kāna keiki i Russia. Ua hele'o ia i kahi ka'a'ale'a ma Yegoryevsk, ka moku'o Ryazan. 'O ka hope a'e, he mekala gula no ka a'o'ana ma ke Moscow Lyceum o Tsarevich Nicholas (1889), ke kumu kula kānāwai o ke Kulanui o St. Petersburg, i puka i ka makahiki 1893, a me ke koho'ana o ke kumu nui o kona ola'ana. I. E. Grabar, ka mea i kākau'ia'o "Balustrade" (1901) i ha'i iā ia he po'okela a me ka haku kumu, lilo i mea pena. I ka manawa o Petersburg ola, ua kipa'o ia i ka hui kūkā o Ilya Repin, ka mea i lilo i akua ki'i no ke ola, me Andrei Rublev. Me ia i ka manawa ho'okahi i ka Russian Imperial Academy of Arts i a'o'ia i ka Malyavin,'o Bilibin, Somov.

E lilo

I ka makahiki 1895 ua ha'alele ka mea pena i Italia a'oi aku no'Europa. Ma Russia, ua ho'i'o Grabar i ka makahiki 1901, a ua wehe'ia ka nani o ka ho'omehana Russian i mua ona ma kahi'ike hou. Ua ho'ā'o ka mea pena e hō'ike i ka mana o kona ha'aka me nā kī'aha - "White Winter", "Malaki Mala".

"Pepeluali Azure"

'O ka hopena,'o ia ka kāwili, i kākau'ia e ka Igoa Grabar i ka makahiki 1904, "I ka lā'Apelila Azure." Ua piha ke ki'i i nā poemana'o kūikawā, ka mea e kani ana ma nā poemana'o o Boris Pasternak "Pepeluali. E ki'i i ka'īnika a hea aku! E kākau e pili ana i ka lāpa'i o Pepeluali ". A kākau'o Grabar i kāna ki'i, me ka uē nui. 'O kēia kekahi o kona loa recognizable pena, ia mea - kekahi o ka poe pena e ho okumu i ka mea kākau o kona inoa iho. Ua hoihoi loa ka mea pena iā ia i kēia hana, e hō'ike ana i kahi lā a he mau lā ho'omaha i nā kula. I loko o ka hau'oli e ho'oulu ana i ke ki'i, aia nō he mālamalama i ka wā puna.

Ua pena wau i ku'u hanohano i Dugino. No ka hoolilo a me ka mamao o na laau ma luna o ka moana lipolipo, a me ka nui nui o ka lewa ma luna o ka azure lani, Grabar koho i ka huina like ina he uuku ma lalo, no ka mea ana i eli iho i kaʻauwaha i loko o ka hau hohonu, a malaila oia i hoonoho iho i ka easel. Ua mana'o ka mea pena inā inā hiki iā ia ke ha'i aku i kekahi o ka nani āna i'ike ai, e ho'opili'ia kahi kāhiko nani.

He kū ho'okahi ka hi'ona o ke ki'i. Kūpono nā lā'au e alaka'i i kahi hula hula a puni ka birch central, kahi punahele a ka mea pena. 'O ka nui o ke ki'i he 104 knm ke ki'eki'e a 80 cm ka whānui. Ua maika'i ka loa'a koke'ana o ka'aha kūkā o ka Tretyakov Gallery. 'O kēia hana a hiki i kēia lā kekahi o kāna mau hana nui. Hiki iā'oe ke hō'ano hou i kahi kāleka ho'okahi haneri o nā pe'e'ona maika'i loa ma ka honua.

'O ka hi'i, ka lā, birch, hoarfrost ...

'O kekahi hana ho'okipa'ē a'e, i haku'ia e Grabar,'o ia ka "Rime", he ki'i o 1905. Inā kākau'o ia ia mea wale nō, e ho'omau i ka ho'omana'o'ana i nā pua, a me nā puke ma ka pena'ana. 'O kēia kekahi o kēlā mau pena pena ki'i'ole i ha'alele'ole i kekahi mea'ē a'e. Ho'ohanohano ia i ka nani a me ke'ano o ke kūlana like'ole o Rusia a'o ia iho e hō'ike ana i kahi ki'i nui o Rusia.

'O ka hapanui o nā keiki a Grabar e makemake e huki i ka ho'oilo, ma kahi hau'oli. Ua mana'o'o ia i ka hala'ana o ka ho'oilo, ua nalowale ka'āina. I ka'ike'ana o nā lā'au i uhi'ia me ka hoarfrost, kokoke i nā manawa a pau loa he mea ho'ohālikelike me kahi mele: "'O nā lā'au a pau i loko o ka hoarfrost, e like me ke kālā, e like me ka mo'olelo ha'iha'i nui i kēia lā ..." Ua'ike nā mea a pau i nā mele a Iesenin e pili ana i ke kālā ma kahi lā'au birch. 'O ka nani a pau o kēia'ano o ke'ano, i mele'ia e nā poho mele nani, ua'ike'ia ma kēia hana kūikawā. 'O Grabar, ka mea i ho'ola'a'ia kona pena ki'i no ka ho'oilo, i pena'ia i kahi hau, e "ho'omālamalama ana me ka nani ola". Mana'o'o ia i loko o ke'ano, he mau manawa li'ili'i kēlā manawa like'ole me ka hau i ka lā lā, a he nani loa lākou. 'O ka lighting ke ho'ololi mau nei, e ho'oulu ana i nā mana'o'oko'a hou.

Ua kapa pono'o ia i nā lālā i uhi'ia me ka hoarfrost, nā laimana diamond, e ho'onaninani i nā'ala a pau ma luna o ka "'ele'ele'ele'ele o ka lewa." Ma ka canvas ka nui o 122.4 x 160.3 ua hā'awi'ia nā mea a pau i luna me ka mana nui. Au pono aku nei au, i ka hooilo Landskap I. Grabar - i ka maikaʻi i loko o Lūkini nō, ka oi aku o ka "Rime". Winter, ua pń mai ka lā, nani birch, he hōʻailona o Rusia , a me nā Lūkini ano, he poe loihi, lush foliage, me ke kala a me ka e like ringing. 'O ko lākou mau lālā, he mau uliuli, he uliuli, a he uliuli i ka hau. E hauoli ana nā wahine a ke ha'aheo nei i ko lākou nani. Ma kēia hana he mea kupaianaha nā mea a pau, he mea kupaianaha a he mea e mahalo ai ka mea nānā. 'O ka'aila i kākau'ia, nā'āpana li'ili'i li'ili'i (ho'oka'awale), ua hō'ike'ia kēia ki'i e mākou e pili ana i ka mea kākau e like me ka mea nāna i ho'okumu i ka mana'o Russian. Ho'okomo'ia ka kāleka i ka Yaroslavl Art Museum.

Loa'a'o Grabar i nā ki'i like'ole me kēia inoa, a ua maika'i loa lākou, akā'oi aku ka'oihana o 1905 ma mua o nā mea'ē a'e. 'O kā lākou i kapa'ia ai'o Grabar, ka mea i ho'ohālike'ole'ia. 'O ka hapa nui o nā mea a pau,'oia'i'o,'o ka ho'ohālike'ana o ka "lā'au lā'au."

"...'O ka mana'o o Yesenin, kokoke i ka Bibilia ..."

'O kekahi ki'i'ē a'e o kēia ki'i pena i hana'ia me nā pūkuniahi a pau o ka Hō'ike. 'O kēia ka "Po'a Malaki" i'ōlelo'ia ma luna a'e nei o 1904. Maanei, e like me nā kālani i hala i mua, ua ho'onani'ia ka hau i lanakila ai ka'uhane o ka mea pena ki'i ma lalo o ka lā. Hō'ike ia i nā malu o ke'ano a puni, hiki ke lawe'ia e nā hulu o ka uliuli, ka poni, ke lilac. Mālama pololei'ia'o Malaki'o Malaki o Rūkia: ua ho'omaka'o ia i ka hau, akā,'a'ole e mana'o ka hau e ho'ohehe'e. I kēia'ano, hiki ke loli i ka loli o nā kau, me ka hau.

Ma ka pūwelewele e hō'ike ana i kahi wahine'ōpio e halihali ana i nā bakeke o ka wai ma luna o ka papa. Me he mea lā ke'ano o nā'ona kaiāulu mau - nā hale, nā lā'au'ele'ele i ka wā mae'ole, kahi e'ike koke'ia ai nā'ōpiopio,'o ia ka wahine māmā wikiwiki, ka mea i hō'olu'olu'ia e ke hau. Akā,'o ka mea nui o ka kāwele he hau. 'A'ole ia he mea huahua, e like me ka ho'oilo,'a'ole i ke'oke'o ka hau, akā he nui loa. Aia'o ia i mua o ke ki'i, kahi i ho'opuehu'ia ai nā wahi'ālohilohi. Ua piha ke kāwele i ka mana. Ua emi ka ki'i ma lalo o ka mea i hō'ike'ia ma luna nei - 80 x 62 cm wale nō. Ua mālama'ia ma loko o ka Tretyakov Gallery.

Ua'ike nā po'e a pau o ko mākou'āina i nā māhele nani o ka'ōlelo Lūkini o ka'ōpala o nā mea akamai e like me Savrasov, Vasiliev, Shishkin, Levitan. 'O Igor Emmanuilovich Grabar, nā Artist a Russia, i ho'okumu'ia ka inoa hanohano "Ho'ohanohano Ho'ohanohano" na ka mea Soviet mua loa, ua ho'omau i kēia'ano ho'olaha me ka hanohano. He maika'i loa kona mau papa hana mua, akā,'a'ole'oi aku ka'ino o nā kī'aha i kākau'ia ma ka Soviet. 'O ka mea ho'okani pila o ka hau a me ka ho'omaka'ana o ka pūnāwai,'o Grabar a ma lalo o ka hale'āina hou ua noho'ia he peia nui.