'O ka papahana i ho'ohui'ia: nā'ano, ka wehewehe, nā'ano loea, nā kumuhana

Ke koho kekahi kanaka i ka mea e uhi ai i ka hale a i'ole e hana i ka pā ma ka pūnaewele, mahalo pinepine ka papa hana i ka ho'ohana'ana i ka bilati pā'oihana. Akā, he aha ka hopena a me ka mea maika'i? Ma muli o kona mau'enehana'ike a me kona kumukū'ai, ua lilo ia i ho'okahi o nā mea kaulana loa a ua'imi'ia nā mea kūkulu ma ka mākeke. E no'ono'o kākou i ka waiwai o ka waiwai, pehea nā pōmaika'i a me nā ko'iko'i. E ha'i pū iā'oe pehea e koho ai i ka nui pono a me ke kumu kū'ai.

He aha ka papa hana i kūkulu'ia?

'O kēia'ilikala he pepa'enela i'ike'ia ('o ia ho'i ka'ili), i hana'ia e ke'ano ho'oili ma'amau a me ke kūkā. 'O ia ho'i, ua hana'ia nā iwi'ao'ao me ka mana'o o ka pa'akikī. I ke kūkulu'ana,'a'ole hiki ke ho'ohana i ka waiwai o kēia mea i ka waiwai nui, hiki ke ho'ohana'ia no nā kumu he nui. Akā ma kēia mea - he li'uli'u ma hope.

Nā mea hana no ka hana'ana

No ke ki'i'ana i nā mea, ke kila, ke aluminika, ka'onika chromium-nickel, a me ke keleawe. E like me ka GOST, he ha'alulu pāpale'ele'ele kahi 0.3-1.2 mm. No nā'ano like'ole, ho'ohana'ia nā mea o ka mānoanoa like'ole. I ka hana'ana o nā iwi'ao'ao i hiki ke hā'awi i kekahi'ano'ē a'e: oval, trapezoidal, polygonal, square square, etc.

Eia kekahi ma ke ka'ina hana, ka zinc, ka aluminika a me ke aluminika zinc e ho'ohana'ia (he 100-275 grams i kēlā me kēia mika mika o ka papa), e hā'awi ana i nā mea kīnā'ole i ka mea. A no ka ho'oulu'ana i ka ikaika a me ke kūpa'a, ua ho'ohana'ia nā'ano polymers like polyvinylchloride, polyester, acrylic, polyurethane, etc., mahalo'ia e kēia mau polymers, hiki ke mālama i ka papa pa'i a pale i ke kala mai ka wela.

Nā'ano

'O ka nui o nā mea i ho'oholo i kona'ano. Eia kekahi la'ana, ua ho'ohana'ia ka papa ku'i'ia no nā paia no ka'oki'ana i nā paia o nā hale a me ka hana'ana i ka pā. Ho'ailona'ia me ka huapalapala "C". Hiki ke ho'ohana'ia i ka papa ku'una nui C20 no ke kūkulu'ia'ana o nā hale'oihana'oihana'oihana a me nā hale kūloko me kahi pae pa'a o 0.4 m. Ma ka hale noho, ho'ohana nui'ia kēia inoa. Piliʻike C20 i ka lōʻihi hana ola. Ho'omau'ia kona mau mea nani no ka 10-15 mau makahiki. I ka manawa ho'okahi, he mau kino maika'i kona kino. 'O ke'ano, kūpono'ole ia i nā ukana makani, no ka mea i ho'ohana pinepine'ia e like me ka hale pa'a.

'O ke'ano'elua,'o ia ke ao holo'oko'a. 'O kēia ka pae i ho'ohui'ia'o NS35, kahi i mana'o'ia no ka ho'okipa'ana o ke kaupaku a me ke kūkulu'ana i nā pā, nā pā. Oiai ka hapanui o ka mea, ua hoʻohana 'ia e kūkulu i ka hale o ka hale aie i ka mea maikaʻi hana, ua lako e mea pono pono no ke kukulu ana i pa. Hiki iā ia ke hana i ka polymer a i'ole ka pāpale i hana'ia, kahi e palekana ai ia i nā'ano kūlana kino'ole. Ka mānoanoa o ka sheeting NS35 hiki ĸokoĸa ana nä pane mai 0.5 hiki i 0,8 mm o, i hoakaka haʻahaʻa kaumaha. I ka manawa like, hiki ke'oki'oki'ia, e ho'ohālikelike ana i ka ho'onohonoho'ana a me ka ho'oponopono'ana. 'Ae, nā mea nani ma kahi ki'eki'e: hiki iā ia ke hā'awi i kekahi kala. Ma muli o kēia, ho'ohana pinepine'ia no ka ho'okipa'ana.

Hiki i ka pepa pepa H75 ke hana i ka mānoanoa mai ka 0.4 mm a hiki i ka 1 mm, a ua hana'ia ho'i e ka'ōwili ma'amau. Like ka mea mua? Ueony, ia ua kekahi hoʻohana no ka roofing, e pili ana pa a ponoi hale, e like me ka pono me ka pā. Ho'opili'ia ka hiki i ke kaha ki'i'ana i'ole ka ho'okomo'ana i kahi polymer layer i ka papapihi i ho'olako'ia me H75. Ma ke ala,'o H-profiles e halihali ana, no laila pono lākou e ho'ohana no ka hana'ana i kahi hale, pā. Ua'oi aku ka ma'alahi a hiki iā lākou ke pale aku i nā ko'iko'i ko'iko'i. 'O ka mea ma'amau no ka hana'ana i ka hale a me nā paia o ka'ike H-153.

Ke mana'o'ia nei ka mana'o o ka "C" no ka hana'ana i nā pā a me nā paia. Māka maika'i'o Mark "H" no ka hana'ana i nā canopies a me nā canopies, a me ka inoa honua "NS" - no ka uhi'ana a me nā pā.

He pa'akikī ka ho'oholo'ana i kahi o ka'ike i'oi aku ka maika'i, no ka mea, pono e koho'ia no kekahi mau hana. Akā, hiki iā'oe ke'ōlelo pololei e'oi aku ka lō'ihi o ka pilina me kahi'oi aku ka lō'ihi. 'O kēlā me kēia,'oi aku ka maika'i no ka hana'ana i nā hale pa'a.

Nā pōmaika'i o ka mea

'O kekahi o nā mea mua loa o ka mea ma'alahi kona māmā a me ka ma'alahi o ke kau'ana. Inā ho'ohālike'oe me nā tile maoli ai'ole, no ka la'ana, me ka palahalaha, hiki iā'oe ke kuhikuhi i kona "non-fragility", no laila ma hope o ka hā'ule'ana mai kahi ki'eki'e loa'a'ole e hiki i kahi mea e hiki ai.

'O ka ho'onohonoho'ana i ka pā i hana'ia e ka papa hana i kūkulu'ia,'a'ole ia e koi'ia ka ho'okomo'ana i kahi kumu, a he maika'i kēia inā e ho'ohālikelike'ia me nā pākeke a me nā paia pōhaku. Mai ka mana'o ho'olālā, pono nā mea, e like me ka mea e loa'a ana i ka nui o nā'ano kala. Pehea e'ike'ia ai ka pā o ka hale, i hana'ia i ke ki'ei i ke ki'i ma lalo.

'O ka pā'ani'ē a'e ka palekana i ka hō'ino (no ka uhi'ana), ka'ino mechanical, ka radiation radiation, nā ho'ololi o ka mahana. 'O ke ola o ka mea he 50 mau makahiki. 'Oiai ma hope o ia manawa e lawelawe'o ia, no ka mea he mea'oi.

'A'ole hiki ke'ike i ka uku. 'O ke kumukū'ai o ka mea i ho'oulu'ia ma ka meneka 2 ke'ano ho'ohālikelike iā ia mai nā mea'ē a'e no ka uhi'ana. Malia paha,'o ka net-rabitsa wale nō ka mea e emi iho i ka wā e ho'okomo ai i ka pā. Eia na'e, ke kumukū'ai o ka papa i ho'oulu'ia ma ka meneka lua e kama'ilio i kahi li'ili'i ma hope.

'Ai

'O kekahi o nā pō'ino nui'ole ka hana i kapa'ia ka pahu. I ka wā o ka ua, hiki ke pi'i ka paepae leo i 95 dB (no kēia ua nui ka ua), no laila,'o ka ho'okomo'ia'ana o ka papahana i ho'ohui'ia e pili ana i ka ho'ohana'ana i nā mea hana ho'ona'auao (pōhaku a me ka hulu hulu).

'O ka lua o ka maika'i - hiki ke kau'ia ma luna o ka papa anti-corrosion i mua o kahi'ōpala. No laila, inā'ike'oe i kahi hohonu hohonu, pono'oe e pena iho.

'Oi hou - he li'ili'i li'ili'i o ka pepa, no laila ke'ano pinepine ka po'e installe i ka pilikia ma ke kau'ana a me ka lawe'ana. Hiki ke loa'a nā wili a me nā wili ma nā kihi o ka maka i ka wā e ho'ouka'ia ai.

'O ke kinikini ho'olālā'ia me kahi pepa'ele'ele o ke ki'eki'e o ka 0.55 mm ka ma'alahi o ka ho'ololi. 'O kēia ka hopena hope loa o ka papa hana'ia. GOST i ka manawa like. No laila, pono e mālama pono iā ia i ka manawa e ho'okomo'ia ai. Ke hana nei ka hana a nā po'e hana mai ka pū'ulu i ka iwi o ka iwi. Akā'ike'ia ka lolo i ka hopena. A i kēia mea,'a'ohe mea'ē a'e,'o nā'ano loea wale nō o ka papa i ho'ohui'ia.

Me kēia mau hanana ho'opi'i,'o ka pepa i ho'opili'ia he mea ia o nā mea hale i kaulana loa ma ka māla o ka pā hale a me ke kaupaku'ana.

Ka uku

He pa'akikī ka pane pololei'ana, pehea ka pā o ka papa hana'ia. Ma muli o ke'ano o ka mānoanoa o ka papa ku'i'ia e ho'ohana ai'oe, hiki ke'ano ke kumu kū'ai. Eia kekahi la'ana, inā makemake'oe e ho'ohana i kahi 2 mika ki'eki'e a he 0.4 mm ka mānoanoa,'o ke kumukū'ai no ia'ano he 180 mau'ūlā i kēlā me kēia mika. I kēia hihia, ke kama'ilio nei mākou e pili ana i ka polymer kūpono'ole C8. 'O ke kumukū'ai like'ole e kū'ai'ia he 155 mau'ūlā ma kēlā me kēia mika.

'O ka mea ma'amau, e hō'ike ana nā mea kū'ai i 2 mau kumukū'ai, me ke kumukuai i ho'okahi mika mika. 'O ke kumukuai ma ka mika mika o ka'aila i ho'ohui'ia polymeric C8 0.4 mm ka mānoanoa he 155 mau'ūpili, ke kahawai'ia - 130 rubles.

Akā,'oi aku nā mea waiwai'ē a'e. 'Oi aku ka ma'alahi o ka huina pa'a i ka hopena C21:'o kona kumukū'ai he 175 mau hekū ma kēlā me kēia mika mika. 'Oi aku ka mea ma'alahi ma mua o polymer - 130 rubles.

Ua lawe'ia kēia mau kumukū'ai mai nā mea kū'ai aku iā Moscow. Hiki ke loli iki lākou i ka'āina a'o ka mea kū'ai aku, no laila,'a'ohe hopena. Malia paha e loa'a iā'oe nā mea li'ili'i, akā'ike'oe e pili ana i kāna kumukuai ma ho'okahi mika mika he 130-180 mau'āpana.

'O ke kumu kū'ai

'O ke kumukū'ai no ka mea pono'ī ka mea li'ili'i, e'oi aku ka maika'i o kāna mea i kūkulu ai. 'O nā kumukū'ai i helu'ia ma lalo nei he mau palena no Rūkia, a hiki ke loli ma muli o ka'āina, nā'oihana'oihana brigade, a pēlā aku.

No ka ho'okomo'ana o ho'okahi mika holo o ka pā, ua lawe'ia e ke kī'aha i 500 mau pu'uwai. 'O kēia ka hō'ailona'ana, nā pū e luhi no nā lā'au, ka pa'i a me ka pena'ana i kēia mau kia, e ho'ouka ma nā lālani'elua, a'o ka ho'onohonoho pono'ana i ka papa lā'au. I kēia'āpana, e ho'okomo'ia nā'auamo i ka lepo wale nō. I ka wā ma'amau, ua lawa kēia no ka hō'oia'ana i ka ikaika ki'eki'e. Akā,'o nā pū'alikili pū kekahi e hā'awi i nā pou, e hana i ko lākou kua hope a ho'ohana paha i nā pou ku'i. Ma kēia'ano, e ulu ana ka uku no ka mīkini. Eia kekahi la'ana, ke kumu kū'ai o ka ho'onohonoho'ana i kekahi papa i ho'ohui'ia me ke ku'i'ana i nā kia e kau'ia he 700 mau kuala ma kēlā me kēia mika.

'O ka hō'ailona'ana

E like me kāu i ho'omaopopo mua nei, hiki'ole ke helu i ke kumukū'ai pa'akikī, no ka mea, e hilina'i ana ia i ka palena a me ke'ano o ke 'āina i kālai'ia, a me nā mea li'ili'i'ē a'e: inā e ho'okomo'ia nā pole, inā he pono e hana hou (e like me ka ho'ohaunaele o ka pā kahiko), a pēlā aku.

Akā, ma ke'ano he kumu, hā'awi mākou i ka helu ma'alahi loa.

E'ōlelo mākou e pono'oe e hana i ka pā a puni ka palena. Ua ana'oe i nā'ao'ao a loa'a ka lō'ihi i makemake'ia he 40 mika (10 mau mika ma kēlā'ao'ao kēia'ao'ao). 'O kēia ke'ano no ka mea pono pono'ī'oe e uku i 7200 rubles (180 rubles ma kēlā me kēia mika) + poles. Hiki iā'oe ke helu i nā mano he 10,000 ('o ia wale nō ka mea pono'ī).

Hiki iā mākou ke helu i ka uku o ka hana: 40 ho'onui'ia me ka 500 (ke kumukū'ai no ka ho'okomo'ana i ka mīkini holo) a loa'a iā mākou he 20,000 rubles. E ho'onui i 10,000 no ka mea waiwai a loa'a i 30 mau ruble. 'O ia ke'ano e hiki ai iā'oe ke ho'ohālikelike i ka nui o ka pā o ka papa i kūkulu'ia, akā'o ka uku hope e ha'i'ia e ka hui.

Me ka hale, he'u'uku iki nā mea a pau.

Ke kumukū'ai o ke kau'ana

'O ke kumukū'ai no ka mea e like ana me ka like: ma kahi o 160-200 mau lihi ma ka mika mika. 'O ka nui loa o ka papa kū'ai'oihana'oihana'oihana'oi loa. E like me kāu e'ike ai, ua like ka uku o ka mea. Eia kekahi, ua like nā mea pono'ī, hiki ke ho'ohana'ia no nā hale'elua a me nā pā o ka pā. Akā'o ka hopena hope e pili i ka mānoanoa o ka pepa, ke kila o ke kila, ke'ano o ka uhi, ke ki'eki'e o ka iwi'ao'ao. Eia kekahi pono, e helu i ka waiwai e lilo aku ana o ka sealant, ahu iho no ka walaʻau ka ho'ēmiʻana, makani kaula.

'O ke kumukū'ai o ka ho'ouka'ana i ke ke'e o ka papa i ho'ohui'ia

'Oko'a ka uku o ka hana,'a'ohe'ōlelo kūpono. 'O nā mea a pau e pili ana i ka pa'akikī, ke'ano o ka hale, ka ho'onohonoho'ana i ka'aina hale. Loa'a i ka hilina'i o ka wahi lalo o ka uluna.

Eia nō na'e, e pili ana nā brigades no ka ho'onohonoho'ana o ka hale, no ka mea, hiki iā'oe ke loa'a pinepine i nā hā'awi ha'aha'a, akā, ma ke kaulike, he 150 rubles ka uku o ka ho'okomo'ana i ho'okahi mika mika. Eia kekahi kūpono e no'ono'o pono'oe e uku no ka ho'okomo'ana i nā mea'ē a'e, e like me ke'ano o ke kani o ka haunaele, a pēlā aku.'A'ole hiki ke helu i ka uku no kāu iho. Pono pono e kāhea i kahi pū'ali koa, uku no ke ana o ka hana i makemake'ia ('a'ole kekahi e lawe i ke kālā no ke ana'ana), helu'ia ka po'e hana a ha'i i ka helu hope loa. I kēia hihia, no'ono'o lākou i nā pilikia a pau, e like me ke'ano o ke ka'awale'ana o ke kapuahi ma ke kau'ana.

Ka Hopena

I kēia manawa ua a'o'oe i ka mea i kūkala'ia a pehea ke ala e helu ai. 'A'ole i ho'ohālikelike nā ki'i ma ka'atikala i ka manawa hope loa, akā na'e,'o ka uku'ana o ke kumu kū'ai o ka mea a me ka hana pū me ia e like me ka mea i hō'ike'ia ma luna nei.