O kana oihana - he ... Kind o akamai. hoolaʻi Fashion

Ka muli o kana oihana, e hina ia i ka hoʻomaka o ka hanalima hana a ke kanaka. Mai ka wā kahiko, ikeia kumu o ka oihana hana.

I ka manaʻo o nā akamai

O kana oihana - Ua hanalima haʻawina, ma muli o ka hana o ka hanalima 'ikamu ka hoʻohana liʻiliʻi manuale hana, maʻamau ma mua i ka hooulu ana o ka mīkini? Iecaianoaaiiuo, a malama hoi i ka mea.

O ke kanaka ka mea i noho i ka 'oihana Hookah o ka mea i kapaʻia he kahuna hana.

He aha ka Folk Fashion

Folk House i kapaia mea, na mea i hanaia ma kaʻike mau hamoʻia mea a me na mea manao. Folk Fashion e lauwili i kona makakū haʻawina, ua i nā huahana me kā lākou mau lima, a me ka loa pinepine mai maoli mea a kokoke ia ia (laau, lole, mea hiki ke hooheheeia, etc.). Kēia ha awina i ua loaʻa mai ka wahi lulu akamai i i ka wā pono ko ka hale ona mau. E like me ke akamai, ua Hawaiʻi akamai ke kaumaha ma muli o ka nohona, ka hoʻomana, a me kekahi manawa - kālai'āina wale.

oihana mōʻaukala

Oihana i ka mōʻaukala lōʻihi o ka hanana. Primitive nā kaiāulu pinepine komo i loko o wahi lulu kalepa, manufacturing o ka pōhaku 'ikamu, iwi, palolo, laau, etc. Homemade oihana - o ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o nā huahana pono no ka mahiʻai. Ma kekahi wahi, a hiki i keia la keia ha awina mea nui.

Ma hope, hoomaka ae la kanaka e alakai i ka kūʻonoʻonoʻaoʻao o ke ola, he poe paahana. Ua nui na paahana hana ma aneiai pā o ke aliʻi, maha, monasteries a me slaveholders (MakamuaʻAigupita, Kahiko Roma, Kahiko Greece a me na aina o Mesopotamia). Mua he artisan hana wale, akā, no ka mea, haawi mai la i ka meaʻuʻuku makahiki, hoomaka ae la ka haku e hui ma ka hui. Ua kapaʻia artels mau pūʻulu a i kauoha mai i ka lehulehu. Kekahi o na Artists hele ma kulanakauhale a me na kauhale, oiai kekahi poe i noho a hana ma kekahi wahi. Arts a House ma ka mea ua haawi ala i ka muli a me ka hoʻomohala o nā kūlanakauhale i ioauoa o handicraft hana, a kuai. A hiki i kēia lā i loko o na mea he nui nā kaiāulu la i ka malamaia alanui inoa, e kuhikuhi ana i ka wahi o ka hana ana o ka haku. No ka laʻana, potera - ka mea i hoʻonohonoho 'ia ma ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o huahana i ka lepo, ʻili -ʻili aaioee,? Iecaianoaaiiie o ka ʻili huahana, hana hou i ka lole kamaʻa, pōhaku lepo - e hali ana i nā pōhaku lepo.

Ma ka Middle Ages ua he mea like me ka 'oihana o kana oihana. Ma o nā kūlanakauhale, he hou nohona maʻamau - keia hoʻokiwikā artisans. Ka papa kuhikuhiE lālā o ka kulanakauhale o kana oihana, he :. ka hana o ka mea i ka mea hiki ke hooheheeia, suknodelie,? Iecaianoaaiiie o ke aniani huahana, etc. hoʻokiwikā kupua i uluhia e na pomaikai, e like me ke kulanakauhale akau, hana shop, iho kuokoa.

Me ka Hekikai o ka hanalima kipi , he nui na ano o ka House ua lilo kona alakaʻi ma ka manufacturing, hoomaka ae la na nā hale hana, e hoʻohana i ka mīkini. I kēia lā, artisans malamaia ma na hana e loaʻa iaʻu i ka pilikino pono o nā mea kūʻai mai, a ma o ka hana o ka pipiʻi nō huahana (shoemakers, tailors, jewelers, Artists, a me kekahi poe e ae.).

I ka moolelo o House ulu ana i loko o Rusia

Ka heluna o Lūkini kulanakauhale pili kēia oia o artisans. Ka hapa nui o ia e komo i loko o forging? Iecaianoaaiiuo. Ma hope, mai blacksmithing hana palama. Kona huahana i ka nui koi maʻEulopa. ? Iecaianoaaiiuo o nā mea kaua anao? Aou haku no ka? Iecaianoaaiiie o nā kakaka, pūlaipela,ʻaʻa pua, etc. Kaua Lūkini artisans i manaoia ka mea o ka nui luna ma mua o ka Turkish, Suria a me ka Italian.

E like me ke 'ike mai i nāʻoihana aliʻi, i ka 1382 ma Rusia, he nunui. Ma ka 14th kenekulia ka mea i hana i ka foundry (a puu bele). Me ka Mongol kaua? Iecaianoaaiiie hele aku la i loko o hoole mai oia.

Jewelery ka hana ana i mālama lākou i nā mea e pono ai o ka aristocracy. Malamaia huahana (icons, gula mau hipuu, crockery, puke ka pū'āʻana a) hoike mai i ka professionalism kiʻekiʻe o ka Jewelry poe paahana ma ke kahua o ka engraving, oe ninini, forging, hahiʻana a me ka lawe lima. Ma ka 14th kenekulia hoomaka minting malihini i loko o kekahi mau Lūkini ko na'lii, i hana i ke koi pohō a kalepa. Ma ke kuai, a me ka laulā huahelu o nā mea kūʻai mai i mau hōʻailona i ili, shoemaking a me ka Pottery. Clay hana i kekahiʻano o nā kīʻaha, a me ka toys hale pono hana. Eia hou, ma Moscow a me na kulanakauhale i kukulu i pohaku ekalesia (ʻano nui o keʻokeʻo pohaku) a e kuhikuhi i ka huahelu, hale kiaʻi i ke kaua.

Na hana o Artists mea i hoʻokumu i ka lukuia, loaa ma hope o ka Tatar-Mongol kaua. Lūkini House Ua loli i ka makaukau ana o yeiiiie? Aneeie oneiaeyie ma ka hanaia'na o ka Lūkini centralized moku'āina.

Mai 1917, hāʻule ikaika, i hui pu i ka helu ana o artisans ma Rusia ka mea, i loko o nā hoʻohua 'Free. Akā, e Lūkini House loaʻa kekahi mau kaulana i hoolaʻiʻoe a me ka akamai.

Kekahi mau ano a me keia ano o na akamai

Ano o House i hana mai i ka mea mai i ka mea ua i. No ka lōʻihi manawa kanaka i na oihana, e like me:

• Blacksmithing.
• Carpentry.
• Ulana.
• Pottery.
• Joinery.
• Spinning.
• Jewelry.
• Hana kālua.
• Tanning.

Blacksmithing

Blacksmithing - o kekahi o nā haʻawina mua i i waho ma Rusia. People Ua mau mahalo, nānā i ka hana ana i ka hana. Ka mea hiki ole maopopo ana i ke oho kupua i na mea kupaianaha mea hiki ke hooheheeia. lāhui kanaka he nui blacksmiths i manaoia aneaneʻanāʻanā.

Mua smithing koi 'ia' ike, a me ka pela i hoʻolako pono Workshop me ka hailona o ka mea paahana. Metal smelted mai bog na mea i eliia, a ua o koʻu mau i loko o ka luawai, a me ka hina. Old Lūkini amara hua mai la no ka mahiʻai pahikakiwi, ho, pahi, a no ka poe koa - ihe, pahikaua, koʻi lipi, a me na pua. Eia hou, oe e mau i na huhui i loko o ka māla iʻa lou, ki a me nā wili lauoho, paipu, etc.

I kēia lā,ʻanoʻenehana holomua i kekahi loli a me ka hemolele smithing, akā, ia mea nō i loko o koi. Noʻeau forging decorate oihana, n iaainoaoeii neo, aupuni hale, wahi ulu lāʻau, lehulehu kīhāpai, ia mea oi loa aku hoi i ke koi ma ka panorama manao.

Jewelry oihana

Jeweler ka oihana - kekahi o ka mea kahiko i loko o ka mōʻaukala o ke kanaka. I ke gula, i ke kālā, a me nā pōhaku makamae no ka lōʻihi manawa, ua manaoia he hoailona o ka mana a me ka waiwai o ka aristocratic papa. Back i loko o ka 10 - 11 kenekulia jewelers ua kaulana no ko lakou talena maʻEulopa. People mai kahiko mea he avid kānana o ka Jewelry. Lei Ua i mai ka mea maikai i eliiaʻi a me nā pōpō aniani, likeʻole wehe koona (IeAUPIIe, IAa IO holoholona), kālā luakini apo mea i kaulia ana mai o ka headgear, a ulana i loko o ka hairstyle, apo, etc. kolts

Ma ka 18th kenekulia i ka heyday o Lūkini Jewelry oe. Anna i keia manawa, no kaʻoihana o ke "gula, a me ka hana kala," Ua kapaia ka inoa o "jeweler". Ma ka 19th kenekulia Lūkini haku iʻikeʻia i loko o kā lākou mau kaila, no laila ia i keia la Lūkini Jewelry puni. Ua hoomaka kona hana i kaulana poe Grachev hoahanau, Ovchinnikov a me Faberge.

I keia la, i ka heluna kanaka ma ka pili ana i ka ulu pomaikai nui a me ka oi ma ka nele o ka mahalo Jewelry.

Pottery

Ua ua ike ia mahope mai 10th ke kenekulia i loko o Rusia hua Pottery. Kēia i hanaʻia e ka lima, a ma ka hapanui o ka wahine lima. E hoonui i ka ikaika a me ka mea paʻa o ka huina hoonui i ka lepo i hui pūʻia i loko o liʻiliʻi pūpū, ke one, pōaka, māpala, a me kekahi manawa mea kanu a me Pottery shards.

A iki ma hope, he ka potera ka huila, a kōkua ai i nā ka hana ana o ka potera. E kahalina kūpono i loko o ka neʻeʻana o kou lima, a laila, i kona mau wawae. I ka Ia manawa, i ka Pottery lilo hoʻoili ai na kanaka.

Hanalima-unahiʻole, i Pottery hiki ma ka 18th kenekulia. Ma St. Petersburg, a ma hope ma Moscow, he pālolo hola.

Mea iʻia ke kālā no ka potera nō mahalo. I kēia mau lā Pottery - he kaulana haʻawina i loko o na wahi o Rusia, a me ke koi no ka pālolo handmade huahana ua mau mahuahua.