'Ole o ka Internet: ka walaʻauʻana me nā loina o

I kēia lā,ʻaʻole i ka Internet e haohao ōlaʻi. Ka hookipaia a hiki i keia pukapuka ma ka kela la i keia 'aelike' oi aku ka nui helu o nā mea hoʻohana. E like me kaʻikepili o 2015, ka helu o ke pili mea hoʻohana i oi 3.3 ieeeea?. Eia naʻe,ʻaʻole mea ike mamao ia mea i ka 'ole o ka waiwai' ike o ka Internet i loko o oaoieei-hua'ōlelo. Ka hapa nui o ka mea, ma ka mau, ia mea i pono. Naʻe, i ke kumu i waiho ai i loko o ka loina o ka hana o ka World ākea Web ma ka liʻiliʻi loa ike nō e pono ai ma ka iniiaiie kiʻekiʻe.

He aha ka i ka Internet a me ka laekahi Ke Kai

Nui, i ka wa e hele ai i ka Internet i keia la, he pinepine kahi hoʻohana i ka manaʻo o ka World ākea Web, a me ka pūnaewele puni, a hoohui mai ia kamepiula 'ē aʻe mai nā mea a pau ma luna o ka honua.

Ma mau, ka mea, heʻoiaʻiʻo, akā, eia ka mea, e pono ia e ka clarification. E like me ka makou i ike, i kekahi kamepiula ua i pololei i pili i ka Internet ma ka hana pūnaewele i ke aʻo ke Akua ke ike wale ana na mea he nui 'ē aʻe e pili ana maʻi a lawe lima manaʻo. Ua huli mai i ka mea, i nā mea a pau i hui pu ia ma ka latike hookahi. A ka mea i kapaʻia ka "pukapuka o nā lātike" ma keia ano, o ka Internet.

Aia hoʻi, i ka Internet ua ma muli o ka 'ole o ka hoao ana, no laila, e'ōlelo aku, subnets, a ua kiʻekiʻe-ʻenehana luna kiʻekiʻe. Eia hou kekahi, komo i ka kekahi o nā kumu waiwai, he mea hiki ole ke manao wale me ka mīkini ala hele, i mea hiki ke koho i ka pono alahele no ka wikiwiki komo i ka haawiia mai o nā kumu waiwai.

A me ka mea hana hoihoi. I ka Internet ia mea i ka mea nona, a me ka mea ulana pukapuka iho mea oi o kaʻike kamepiula pokole i kēlā lā e loli ai he kanaka nui a me ka oi, i kekahi manawa, a hiki ke kūapoʻana aku o ka lanakila. Good paha, he ino paha, ia mea,ʻaʻole no mākou e hoʻoponopono. Akā, kālele ana ma luna o ka walaʻauʻana, ao ke ano o ke kūkulu a me ka hana ana o ka World ākea Web.

Ka 'ole o ka World ākea Web: Ka Moʻolelo o ka muli a me ka ulu ana

No laila, e like me ko kakou ike ana ia i kēia lā, i ka Internet ua i mau ai ka hihia. Inā e eli i loko o ka mōʻaukala, ka mea e e hoʻomaopopo i ka mea mua a ho'āʻo paha e hana i kekahi 'ike pukapuka hoʻokahi, a makemake e hiki ole wale no ke hoʻouna i aeaiiua, akā, i malama like me ka ano o ka "unuhi" o ka ahaaina o ka iaaiey' ōlelo no ka pokole o ka 'ike, ua, ua lawe a hiki hoʻi i 1962, ma ka i ke kiʻekiʻe o ke "anu kaua" ma waena o ka US, a me ka USSR. A laila, aia ua kekahi polokalamu ma ke kumu o ke kumumanaʻo o ka moku holoahi ka hoʻololiʻana i ka ʻikepili EYI Leonard Kleinrock, i alakaiia e Dzhozef Liklayder. I ka papa kuhikuhiE pulakaumaka i ole wale no ka EYI o ka 'ike, akā, i kona "indestructibility".

Ma ke kumu o kēia mau Aey? Acaeoey i ka makahiki 1969 a me ka ua i ka mua latike, i kapaia o ARPANet, lilo ae la ke kupuna o ka Internet a me World ākea Web. I ka makahiki 1971, i ka polokalamu mua i hoouna aku, a loaa e-mail, i ka 1973, ka wā ia i hana mauʻia e ka Euro-Akelanika 'uwea i ulu, ka mea ulana pukapuka, ua lilo ia hoʻonohonoho', i ka makahiki 1983 hoʻoneʻe i ka TCP / IP hoʻokahi Hola Pūnaewele, i ka makahiki 1984, ikea mai la IRC 'ike loea e leie aku oe, eʻauʻau kai . A wale ma 1989 ma CERN uaʻoihana kaua i ka manaʻo o ka global pūnaewele, i ua manawa kapaia ka Internet. O ka holo ana, ka mea, ua loihi ia, mai ka kükohu ua hoʻohana 'ia manawa, nae, kekahi kumu o kumu, i ka loaʻa o ka' ole o ka Internet, a nō koe ua hoʻololiʻia.

Ke aeuiiai ieaia? O ka World ākea Web

Ano, e ka ike, pehea i kauoha aku e hui pu iho la kanaka kamepiula maʻi a me nā lātike ka nānā 'ana ma luna o ia mau mea a pau. A kī rula o ka hoʻohana 'ana o ka moku holoahiʻikepili ka hoʻohana' ana i ka hoʻolele leo ma muli o ke ao Hola Pūnaewele e e maopopo hiki ma kekahi mīkini. Ia mea, ke 'ike nei i loko o keʻano o kēia'āpana, nāʻai a hōʻailona, a me nā pū i hiki i ka formatted aeie (holoahi), a e hoʻohui pū likeʻole ana, aole i kaʻina loa.

Eia naʻe, no ka hōʻike 'ole e hana Mahea. Ma keia hierarchical 'ole a me ka waiwai o ka Internet i kekahi mau kumu o ka' ilikai ai:

• Line (kiʻekiʻe ka māmā holo'ōnaehana kikowaena, e pili ana i kekahi i kekahi).
• Nui latike a me ka hookipaia a kuhikuhi mai la lakou e pili ana i ka papa kuhikuhiE laina.
• Regional latike kona külana ma lalo nei.
• ISPs i i ke kōkua o nā lawelawe (ISP).
• Ka pau 'mea hoʻohana.

Ka 'ole o ka' ike ma luna o ka Internet mea ia ia na maʻi ma luna i ka mea, ua waihonakala, kapa mau kikowaena, a me ka hookupu (heluhelu a lawe ia, a hoouna ae hoʻi pane a me ka lua i pele) machines - workstations. I ka hoolilo ana o ka ia 'ike, e like me ka olelo maluna, ua nānā' ana ma luna o routers. Akā, ua he noaia ua hōʻike mai iā ia wale nō ke no ka nanea ana o ka naauao o ka pukana. I ka mea, a pau ka mea 'ē aʻe huikau.

nui Hola Pūnaewele

Ano, ke hele mai i kekahi o ka ua ki nei manaÿo, me ka a he mea hiki ole i noonoo ai i na mea o ka 'ole o ka Internet. Ua paʻa Hola Pūnaewele. I kēia lā, loaʻa nō ka mea, he nui loa, akā, i ke kumu nui kekahi no ka Internet mea TCP / IP.

Pela ka mea, Ua pono, e pono maopopo ma waena o nā hua'ōlelo elua. IP Hola Pūnaewele (Internet) o kekahi mea o ka hoʻolele leo, i ka mea wale nō ke kuleana no ka haawi o kaʻikepili nā pākeke, akā, maʻaʻohe ala kuleana no ka pono a me ka maluhia o ka 'ike pū i hiki. TCP Hola Pūnaewele, ma ka mea ku ole, o kekahi mea o ka hoʻolako 'ana i ka Ahaolelo o ka pilina ma waena o mea i hoʻounaʻia, a pa alima ma muli o ka Logical pilina ma waena o nā heluʻai a me ka ai-kapaia ua hoʻohiki haawi ana o nā pākeke, a me ka loa kōna.

I kēia lā, TCP / IP o ka maʻamau Internetʻo facto, eia nae, ua nui no hoi na Hola Pūnaewele, e like me UDP (amo), ICMP, a kaka aku (routers), DNS a me ARP ( 'ike no ka mea ulana pukapuka, aae?), FTP, http, NNTP a me TELNET (noi ), IGP, GGP a me EGP ('īpuka), SMTP, pop3, a me NFS (-Holland, a Hola Pūnaewele e nānā 'ana i waiho ai i ia ma loihi maʻi), etc.

Ka'Ōnaehana Inoa Kikowaena

O kūikawā memo o ke ao e hoʻokokoke i ka waiwai. Ua mea akaka i ka kākau aae? Ana o ka palapala e like 127.11.92.785, e kiʻi ai i ka makemake o nā kumu waiwai,ʻaʻole no ka pono, a (e wale hoomanao i na pu). No laila, i ka manawa o ka hanana kikowaena ka inoa'ōnaehana? Ac? I 'ae', e komo i ka helu wahi i loko o ka palapala, e like me mākouʻike ia i kēia lā (ma ka 'ōlelo Pelekānia).

Akā, iʻaneʻi, i kā lākou mau luna kiʻekiʻe. Ia, pū, loaʻa nō kekahi mau pae. No ka laʻana, ka mea wahine kiʻekiʻe-ilikai kāʻei kapu i na waiwai, ka nānā 'ana i ka aina hōʻike no (Aupuni Pekelala' - aupuni, Koma - kalepa, EDU - Educational, NET - pukapuka, MIL - koa, ORG - mauʻaha hui,ʻaʻole e pili ana i kekahi o na luna ano) .

Keia ua ukali ma ke kikowaena inoa o nā kumu waiwai, i maopopo i ka 'o ka aina hōʻike no. No ka laʻana, US - US, RU - Rusia, UA - Ukraine, DE - Germany, UK - .. Beritania Nui, etc. Ma hou, mau kāʻei kapu i kā lākou iiaciiie-pae iho e like COM.UA, ORG.DE etc. I ka .. huli, a maanei kekahi hiki ke loaʻa hou maopopo ua hoʻopili i ka hoouka i ke kaua pae lalo (KIEV.UA, KIEV.COM.UA a me ka 'ole. d.). Ma na olelo e ae, i ka wa e nana ana i ka helu wahi, e hiki koke hooholo ole wale i ka aina, aka, i ka ia kenekoa no o ka puke i loko o ia.

XIX. Internet lawelawe

Like no ka lawelawe, i keia la e loaʻa hiki ma ka Internet, i loko o ka waeʻano e māheleʻia lākou i loko o e-mail, nūhou a me ka hoʻouna 'ia fayoobmennye latike, lolouila uku nenoai, Internet Radio a me TV, pūnaewele Usenet, LIKE, nohona kūkākūkā kahua, Internet pōʻeleʻele loa a me ke kudala, ka hoʻonaʻauao papahana "Vicky", wikiō a me nā leo mea hoʻolako kikowaena, a no laila, ma luna o. d. e like me nei ua lilo pōʻai latike ka loa hanohano hooki aku ma luna o lākou 'ole.

Ka 'ole o ka lawelawe Internet latike

A e like me ka hiʻona o keia online, kaiāulu o ke Kuokoa o ka ia kenekoa kūlana a kupa. Kēlā me kēia mea hoʻohana hana lākou iho holoʻokoʻa (kiʻi, relocate i ka pūnaewele puni honua, mea e makemake nei i ka inoa), a ua lawe mai palapala ma EYI o ka wā kākau'ōlelo, akā,ʻaʻole Via eʻauʻau kai, a me ka paulele i ka hoʻomana 'ano paha. Me kaʻauʻau kai hiki wale ke hoohalikeia manaʻo hoʻopuka nenoaiu. Eia hou, i kekahi i kāinoaʻia noho ana o keia anaina kanaka i haʻalele i ka ai-kapaia pou, e kaʻana me ka lehulehu i kekahi mea a me nā loulou i nā paʻi puke, a no laila, ma luna o. D.

Internet 'ole o ia i ke komo ana o kekahi mau Hola Pūnaewele, e like me TCP / IP a me ka IRC, he hana a pau hana he haʻahaʻa. Na ka papa kuhikuhiE ano - i ke kakau ana (i hanaia o ka username a me ka password e haʻalele i loko o), e like me ka PAaIEN o ma ka liʻiliʻi loa o ka palena iki 'ike e pili ana ia lakou iho.

'Aʻole surprisingly, pilikino kahua a me kaʻauʻau kai, lohi akā, heʻoiaʻiʻo nō, e hele i loko o oblivion. O ka hookahi-hanohano "dialer" e like Mail a QIP 'aʻole i kū i kekahi Competition, no ka mea, ka lawelawe kūkākūkā hiʻona no ka nui loa aku.