Oopalau la ke kanaka. kanaka 'anatomia i ke kōmi

kākoʻo'ōnaehana a me ka neʻeʻana, i ka loaʻa o ka iwi, nāʻiʻo a me ligaments ma ke kanaka ke kino me ka a pau. Iwi i hoʻokumu i ka kūikawāʻano o connective'aʻaʻa keena - osteocytes, oia no kekahi mau Oihana. Ua nā o ka puniu wale no, spine, umauma, a me ka pūhaka noa nuku ka hoʻolako 'hui iwi o ka luna, a malalo lala i ka iwi kuamoo.

Ma keia pepa, ke hoʻolohe i ka papa 'ole o ke kanaka scapula, a hui pū me ka clavicleʻano he kāʻei o ka lunaʻaoʻao. hoakaka i kona kūlana i loko o ka iwi, a e ike i ka loa, he pono ole pathology.

Mall hiʻona o na iwi i lalo

Ke kākoʻo pa alima maupaʻa kekahi mauʻano o ka iwi: omo, i hui a me ka palahalaha. Ka mea, oko i loko o nā keʻano a me na anatomical 'ole. No ka laʻana, olelo hoopomaikai iwi mea hiki ke lawe i ka palapala o ka elua a lahilahi, ma waena o i mea he ahu iho o ka kaka mea a naele'aʻaʻa a permeated me capillaries i loaʻa ka ula ka lolo.

He kēia 'ole nō ka sternum, puniu wale chap, o kona iwiʻaoʻao, ke ki kala a me ka iwi kanaka huhui. E aho nō e kōkua ka mālama i ka hp'pnphp nā loko: maʻiʻaʻai, ka naʻau a me nā ipu nui ke koko mai me mechanical hawewe a me ka poho. Ma waho aʻeo i ka nui planar iwi ili ligaments a me tendons hoʻopili aku i ka nui helu o nāʻiʻo i hana kūpaʻa a me ka hōʻeuʻeu hana. A ula iwi lolo i loko o ka iwi pelane, lawelawe 'ana me ka papa kuhikuhiE hematopoietic hui, ka hoopakele ana corpuscles: erythrocytes, leukocytes a me platelets.

kanaka 'anatomia i ke kōmi

Iwi i ke kinona o ka triangle, no ka hope ili o ka sternum. Kona luna ke kuleana o ka he oki maka, i ka hapa medial ua huli i ka spine, kīloi paʻewa huina maupaʻa he articular lua. Ua maupaʻa he omo poo o ka humerus. Kekahi hehee ai o ke keena lala kaei - clavicle, scapula ua pili i Via ka acromioclavicular ami. Ka iho (axis) maalo ae la oia ma ka hope ili o ka huhui, hiki ke kīloi paʻewa surfaces hele i loko o ka acromion. Ua Ua aniiei? I ka hookui ana me ka pūliki koa iwi i loko o ka ami ili. A oi piha naauao o ka anatomical hiʻona o na iwi i lalo, oia ke kiʻi kanaka scapula hooku iho la ia ma lalo nei.

I embryogenesis iwi i hana mai mesoderm. A keiki ke kōmi 'ossification mea i paʻa, a ua loaʻa osteocytes wale nō i loko o ke kino, a me ka spine, a me ka poe i koe mai he cartilaginous' ole (enchondral 'ano o ka ossification). I ka makahiki mua o ke keiki ka ola loaʻa nā heluʻai o ka ossification i loko o ka coracoid, acromion hope - ke kīloi paʻewa hope o ka maka. Piha ossification ke hoʻoholo 'ia 18 makahiki o ke ola.

E like me na nāʻiʻo i pili i ka scapula

I ka papa kuhikuhiE ala e hoʻohui i nā iwi a me nāʻiʻo i loko o ka musculoskeletal'ōnaehana - me ke kōkua o nā tendons.

Manawa collagen olona, aha ka hopena hapa o na biceps, a hiki i ka kuapuʻu aia ma luna o ka luna kae o ka glenoid lua o ka maka, kona poʻo lōʻihi o biceps brachii i pili. I ka lalo palena i ka ia bumpy ili ia i ua pili ma ka mea o ka tendon Muscle extensor lima i loko o ka'ūhā mua ami - na triceps (triceps Muscle).

Penei, i ke kanaka scapula ua pili 'ole i loko o ka flexion a me ka hoʻolōʻihi' ia 'ana o ka luna lala a me ka malama ana i ka muscular corset hoʻi. Nā iwi o ke keena lala kaei - clavicle a me ka scapula i ka hoʻomaopopo like nenoaiie o ligaments, akā, me ka maka, he ekolu mau laulau unrelated i ka'ūhā mua a me ka acromioclavicular ami.

Meaning coracoid

Mai ka luna kae o ka maka kŰlń ao kekahi hapa o ka iwi, i mea he koena coracoid vertebrates, a kapa coracoid. Ua Ua waiho nei ma luna o ka'ūhā mua hui e like me ka pāpale kila. Ma ka hoʻohana 'ana Scion tendons i pili pōkole poo o biceps a me klyuvoplechevaya a me ka nīnūnē pectoralis nāʻiʻo.

E like me kekahi hapa o ka scapula - kanaka iwi, pono manawa ka lunaʻaoʻao, ka coracoid kaʻina 'oe e komo i loko o ka hoa nāʻiʻo: na biceps a me triceps, a me kona pili i ka'ūhā mua nāʻiʻo e hoʻolako abduction o ke keena koʻo ikaika a hiki i kaʻaoʻao, a keu. I hiki ke ike, i ka coracoid kaʻina mea o ka nui i loko o ka 'ole o ka maka. He aha ka ka anatomical kumu o ia mea?

Coracoid a me kona kūlana ma ka phylogeny o vertebrates

Mua, uaʻeleu ma ka mea e ma ka manawa o ka luna lala ka loaʻa o hui kaulua clavicle a me ka scapula. Man kekahi mai nā vertebrates, no kekahi laʻana, manu, mea kolo, a me nā iʻa amphibians, me ka ka ho'ēmiʻana o ka moa iwi - coracoid. Ua Ua pili me ke kala ana o ka luna palena o kāohi eiiieaena a me nā hana i loko o ka palapala o ka Hawaii kânaka, holo, hoʻokele, a crawling. No laila, i ke alo o ke kolu o ka iwi i loko o ka forelimb kāʻei lilo impractical. Ana o ka moa iwi i loko o ke kanaka ua hoemi, wale kekahi hapa o ka mea, ua malamaia - ka coracoid kaʻina hana, a lilo ae la kekahi hapa o ka maka.

Pathology o na iwi o ke keena lala kaei

Ka loa, he pono ole anomaly o kanaka ke kōmi 'ole i kūpono e like me ka' aʻe 'ana o organogenesis ma utero, a like me ka complication ma hope o ka dystrophic Muscle pōʻino a me neuroinfections. Mau nā, no ka mea hoike, i ka'ēheu-vanes maʻi pale ua hoakakaia e like me ka wā o ka mawaho ninaninau o ka hoʻomanawanui, a ma luna o ka radiograph.

I ka maʻi ua pu ma ka debilitatingʻeha ma ka'ūhā mua, a me ka pahu i ka hopena o ka hikiwawe loa ka ulu 'neuropathy. Ke kala ana ia lŘlŘ i kaʻaeʻana me ka lapaʻau - kāohi ana: dosed physical haawe, lomilomi, kūikawā kino no ka'ūhā mua nāʻiʻo a me ka hope.

Kekahi pathology - congenital kiʻekiʻe kū scapula (Sprengel ka maʻi). Kēia anomaly ua hui me ka 'aʻe' ana o ka 'ole o ka vertebrae, anatomical mā o ka iwiʻaoʻao ona, no kekahi laʻana, kā lākou coalescence a hapa e kaawale aku. Aia he mau ano o ka maʻi: hoʻokahiʻanuʻu a me elua-kapakahi symmetry wawahi kōmi 'ana.

Penei, a meʻeluaʻaoʻao lesions o ka maka hema, uaʻoi kona kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka akau. Ke anomaly He mea pepehi degeneration o myocytes i loko o ka nui nāʻiʻo: trapezius a me ka rhomboid - nui a me ka meaʻuʻuku. A maikaʻi Outlook hiki e manao mai keʻoki kino, paa ke keiki i ka 8 makahiki kahiko, ma ka hope makahiki no kaʻoki kino mai i Hawaii no ka mea, o ka mea kamepiula kiʻekiʻe o complications, i kaupalena 'physiotherapy a me ka lomilomi.