Organophosphates: noi, a me ke kapuai a me nā hiʻona rula. Organophosphate kaʻapu kōheoheo, mua kōkua

Organophosphates i Nine Inch waeʻano, a i ke hoʻololi i ka pepehi nāhelehele, nā mea kolo a me rodents.

Mau insecticides e hoʻomano hoʻohana i ole wale mahiʻai akā, i loko o maʻamau o ke ola. He nuiʻano likeʻole o nā FOS i loaʻawahia, a hiki i nui kaʻapu kōheoheo ma ka 'ai, inu o nā loko o ke kino, a ma ka hui' ana me ka nasal mucosa a me ka maka, a hiki i ka kōna ili.

LIKE FOS kaʻapu kōheoheo

Huʻi intoxication ma organophosphorus i huiʻia ma ka mea i ka wahi mua i waena o nā exogenous kaʻapu kōheoheo ole wale umekaumaha akā, no hoi ma ka alapine (frequency). Lethality ia kaʻapu kōheoheo mea aneane 20%, oiai ke alapine (frequency) o - ma kahi o 15% o nā hihia o ka intoxication. O ka uku o ka mea i ka hoailona antidote no organophosphate kaʻapu kōheoheo mea ka waiʻona. Ma nā mea maʻi e noho ana i loko o ka moku'āina o lōʻihi intoxication i ka manawa o kaʻapu kōheoheo me insecticides, ka maʻi ka nui maʻalahi (convulsions a me paresis o ka ÷ naehana hanu nāʻiʻo ka mea,ʻaʻole i loaʻa). Eia naʻe, hemodynamic kāna hana i e oi hai.

Hiki kumu o kaʻapu kōheoheo me insecticides

Organophosphate kaʻapu kōheoheo i e ma muli o ke keʻenaʻoihana, a ana ma muli o ke kūpono pēpēʻana o kaʻawahia waiwai. Palaleha 'ana o kekahi a oi kanaka i ka hopena i ole wale i kaʻapu kōheoheo nui no lakou iho, akā, i alakai i ka nuipa a intoxication.

Ma waho aʻeo i keia, i kaʻapu kōheoheoʻana ma ka organophosphorus i huiʻia hiki ke pohole maʻamau o ano. Nā kumu o ka ulia pakalaki hiki e okoa, no kekahi laʻana:

• i na hoailona ma ka pahu waihona me ka make wai, waiho waho ma ka hale (ke kanaka ke lawe i ka mea make i loko ma ka hewa a intentionally no ka mea o ka intoxication);
• waho pūnaewele o insecticides i loko o ka loaa ole o ke keiki (keiki ma ke ano maoli, ua nui akamai, a hiki ina he ipu o kaʻawahia Nine Inch e e kakauinoaia, he uuku keiki inu hiki nō i ka hoʻopōʻino wai, a kiʻi huʻi kaʻapu kōheoheo);
• ole e hooko me ka palekana rula (ole 'o ia hoʻi ka' ohana ka palekana wā hoʻohana ma ka haleʻawahia waiwai, e like me ka lepo ea paha, Loan, goggles, aiiay kapa).

I ka wā o ka organophosphorus hui i nui nā māhele hāʻule i loko o ka kanaka kino, ka mea hiki i lesions o nā wahi likeʻole o ka Central ko mākou hopohopo'ōnaehana i hiki aku ai i ka neuritis, lōlō a me nā mea hopena, me ka make.

Mea Maluna o ka organophosphorus i huiʻia ma luna o ka kaʻawahia

• ka loaʻawahia - ma muli insecticides thiophos, Metaphos, merkaptofosa, octamethyl;
• ʻawahia - ai 'ka nānā' ana ma luna o demeton-ke-meto, phosphamide, dichlorophosphate;
• srednetoksichnye - trichlorfon, malathion, metilnitrofos a me insecticides ka nānā 'ana ma luna o lākou, e like me ka pono me sayfos, cyanophos, tribufos;
• haʻahaʻa-kaʻawahia - demufos, bromophos, temephos.

Symptoms o kaʻapu kōheoheo FOS

E like me ke degere o kaʻapu kōheoheoʻana o ka umekaumaha e māheleʻia i loko o 3 kahua o ka hoʻonaʻauao. Ke Kalinika organophosphate kaʻapu kōheoheo mea like penei:

Mehana intoxication (I ke kahua):

• psychomotor manaʻo pīhoihoi, a aloha o ka makau;
• pokole o ka hanu;
• dilated haumana (miosis);
• spasticʻeha ma nā abdomen;
• hoʻonuiʻia salivation a me ka luaʻi;
• loa headaches;
• kiʻekiʻe ke koko;
• profuse sweating;
• maʻi o.

At lōpū palapala (II ke kahua):

• manaʻo pīhoihoi hiki e mālama ai i nā auou caiaiai inhibition, a me kekahi manawa - a me ka coma;
• na hiohiona miosis, i ka haumāna i ka malamalama ole i ka pane;
• maximally hoike i ka symptoms o hyperhidrosis (maximized salivation (tuha), sweating, bronhoreya (phlegm mai bronchi));
• fibrillar twitching lihilihi, nāʻiʻo o ka pahu, wāwae, a me kekahi manawa a pau o na nāʻiʻo;
• papa'āweʻaweʻa kemika helehelena o hyper huina kino nāʻiʻo, tonic convulsions;
• dramatically maoli i ka leo o ka pahu;
• ke koko, kīnā i ka i kā mākou hana (250/160);
• involuntary defecation a me ka urination, ai ukali ia e ola tenesmus (wahahee makemake).

Loa kaʻapu kōheoheo (III ke kahua):

• ke hoʻomanawanui, e hina ia i loko o ka hohonu coma;
• All reflexes i hoʻonāwaliwaliʻia a pau loa ia ma kahi e;
• loa hypoxia;
• haʻi miosis;
• mālama 'ana o ka hyperhidrosis symptoms;
• loli o muscular hypertonus, miofibrillyatsii a me tonic convulsions lolo Muscle hoʻomaha;
• ikaika naau ka hanu nā hohonu a me ka alapine (frequency) o breaths i ole, e mea hiki naehana lōlō;
• naau ana ua kuu iho la i ka pilikia nā hoailona (40-20 min.);
• tachycardia hoʻokāʻoi (oi ma mua o 120 kui iho oe a no min.);
• ke koko, mau i haule;
• uluʻawahia encephalopathy me ka edema a me hemorrhages lehulehu diapedetic kaʻoi loa poʻe'ē he type, ma muli o ka lōlō o ka ÷ naehana hanu nāʻiʻo a me inhibition o ka naehana waena;
• ili ho opa ao mae mea akaka cyanosis (ili a me ka mucous membranes e bluish waihoʻoluʻu).

Ka hopena o kaʻapu kōheoheo phosphorus insecticides

A hiki aku i ke kino haule organophosphorus hui, mua kōkua luhi koke a me ka pono, o kekahi o ka paepae kahua aʻe e ho oholo i ka hou papa o ka maʻi. FOS intoxicationʻike, kŘpa a oluolu, e kau ma luna o ano lapaʻau kiʻi, nae, o paha ka hope o ka maikaʻi a me ka luahi make, hilinaʻi nui pili kēia ma luna o ka pane-i 'inikua.

Aie i ka kaʻawahia kiʻekiʻe o ka organophosphorus i huiʻia ka wā kino hana irreparable ino Aneane pau nui nā loko, a nenoai. Ma keia e pili ana, a hiki loa i ka maikaʻi hoʻokūkū, e hoopau ai i ke hoʻihoʻi i ka hana ana o kekahi mau nā loko i nele.

Mawaena o na complications, a ua ana pu ma ka loa intoxication ma organophosphorus i huiʻia nā pneumonia, cardiac arrhythmias a me cardiac conduction, waiwai-e poloʻai pule psychosis i loko o ka huʻi palapala, etc.

i ka maʻi

Iloko o ka mea mua mau lā ma hope o kaʻapu kōheoheoʻana, i ke ahonui mea i loko o ka nui ana, kena ae la ma ka mea'ōnaehana mānowai koko'opi. Alaila, hele mai kekahi gradual uku, a hoonui ae i ola. Eia naʻe, ma hope 2-3 pule, ia mea hiki i ka hooulu ana o ka loaʻawahia polyneuropathy. Ma kekahi mau hihia, i ke kaʻina hana i ke komo i ka helu o cranial nā aʻalolo.

I loko o kēia mau hope polyneuropathy lawa hooloihi ae i, kekahi manawa pu e paakiki neʻe kāna hana. Hoʻihoʻi oihana o kaʻike ākea ko mākou hopohopo nenoaiu meaʻino. Ua hiki no hoi ana i ka hoi ana mai o ka huʻi kāna hana, e like me cholinergic hoʻoponopono ulia. Ke kumu o ua waihoia organophosphorus hui "kipaku" mai likeʻole nā'aʻaʻa i loko o ka circulatory nenoaiu.

lapaʻau

A hiki i ka hihia o ka mea kaʻapu kōheoheo ma ka organophosphorus hui, mua kōkua i loaʻaʻano pākīkē, i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe o ka digestive'āpana ma gastric lavage ka hoʻohana 'ana i kaʻimi puʻe wale akula kēlā diuresis, etc., hoomau o ka hanu, a me ka hoʻohana' ana o kekahi antidotes. Eia, he luna o ka resuscitation, a me pharmacotherapy, pahuna ma ka malama ana a me ka hoihoi hou ana i poino ke kino, a me na kora cardiac hana, e hoihoi hou, hana maikaʻiʻole o kāna hana o ka homeostasis a me exotoxic kŰia.

Hoihoi hou ia ana mai o naehana kuleana pili i

Organophosphorus hui trapped i loko o ke kino i loko o nui mea, IeAUPIIe, IAa IO i naehana popilikia, kena ae la ia e excessive oropharyngeal secretion, a me ka bronchoconstriction lōlō o naehana nāʻiʻo. Ma pili ana me keia, ka mea mua i kauka e ho'āʻo ana e hana - o ka airway e hoihoi, a hōʻoia 'kūpono hoʻokomo ea. Ma ke alo o ka nui vomitus a me oropharyngeal hookuuia, pili wehena (ʻai ana o ke kinowai ma ka holo). I ka huʻi kaʻapu kōheoheo FOS resuscitation nā endotracheal intubation, me mechanical hoʻokomo ea.

antidote Inc

Noi safeners (antidotes) mea he nui loa o ka pilikia pharmacotherapy ma huʻi kaʻapu kōheoheo. Ai 'ma keia pae loli i nā kinetics aia i loko o ke kino o kaʻawahia waiwai, i kona omo a hoʻopau, haʻahaʻa kanawai ma toxin receptors ole mea pepehi metabolize, a hoʻopau hoʻopōʻino kāna hana a nui ke kino, kena ae la ia e intoxication.

Antidote no kaʻapu kōheoheoʻana ma ka organophosphorus hui lawe pu me nā hana kūikawā ai '. Pharmacotherapy ua paʻa i loko o laua me ka mau resuscitation a me ka detoxifying pākōlea ana.

Ua pono e hoʻomanaʻo i ka mea, aohe manawa kūpono o koke resuscitation, ka luahi ka ola hiki ke hoolaia antidote wale organophosphorus i huiʻia, a me ka koke ia ka mea, ua wahahee, i ka manawa kūpono i loaʻa ka luahi, e ia he 'ano hope o ka maʻi.

Mea Maluna o antidotes

Antidotes e hoʻolaha i eha pūʻulu:

• symptomatic (pharmacological);
• biochemical (toxicokinetic);
• Nine Inch (toksikotropnye);
• antitoxic Immunopreparat.

I ka ka mea mua symptoms o organophosphate kaʻapu kōheoheo, akā, i loko o ka anu u dogospitalizatsii nāna, a ua pili i ka antidote symptomatic toksikotropnoy pūʻulu, no ka mea, i ka ike PAaIEN no ka hana. Hoomakaukau toxicokinetic hana pono ikaika adherence i na kuhikuhi, no ka mea, o ka ambulance kauka hiki ole mau pololei ho oholo i nā nāʻikepili no kā lākou hana. Antitoxic Immunopreparat hoʻohana i loko o ka 'inikua kula.

I Kekahi Mau Inc ma huʻi kaʻapu kōheoheo ma organophosphorus hui

Complex hanana maupaʻa ka hoʻohana 'ana anticholinergics (atropine type lapaau) ma ka hui pu ana, me ka cholinesterase reactivator. Ma ka hola mua ma hope o hospitalization lawelawe mālama nui atropine. Atropine i nui nā māhele ua lawelawe intravenously i ke kokua ana o na symptoms o hyperhidrosis i loaʻa. E hoi e na hoailona o ka nāwaliwali lāʻau overdose, kaheaia maloo ili a me ka lōpū tachycardia.

E malama i ua lawelawe iho la no keia moku'āina o atropine pinepine ae la oia, akā, i loko o nā māhele uuku. Hope atropinization hana i ka paakiki blockade o ka m-cholinoreactive nenoai poino i ke kino o Anati-lāʻau hana o acetylcholine ma ka manawa koi 'ia no ka luku a me ka hoʻopau o toxins.

Hoikehonua, Reaktivatory cholinesterase hiki i ka ponoʻoi loa maila hooluhi hewa ia mai, a cholinesterase neutralize likeʻole phosphorus i huiʻia. Ma ka hooko ana mai kekahi Inc ua ka ua hoʻonānā mau cholinesterase haʻawina.