Orlov Aleksandr Mihaylovich (Leib Lazarevic Feldbin) NKVD o ka USSR: he Kawaihae

I ka makahiki 1952, ka mea kaulana Amelika Magazine "Life" paʻi i ka moʻo o ka 'atikala, a ua lilo i ka maoli ka waiʻona ma. I ia i ka mea kākau, he mua Soviet kiu, a ma ka manawa defector, e holo i ka West - Igor Konstantinovich Berg - hoike mai hoike e pili ana i na hewa o ko Stalin ka? Eia, a ua ike oia, ka mea, e olelo aku, mai ka loko, a me ka mea ia ia 'aʻe kona hanau ana. ʻO wai ka mea i kēia kanaka, a me ka mea i hoohiolo aku la ia ia e haʻalele i kona'āina?

Kamaliʻi Future Scout

Kona maoli inoa - Life Lazarevic Feldbin. He Ua hanau August 21, 1895 a hiki i ka Iudaio ohana e noho ana i loko o ke kūlanakauhale o Bobruisk, Minsk'āina a pau. Ka mea, ina ua ola mau, la oia aole loa ia i haalele ai ia i kona ola i loko o ua mamao mai ka Kauhalenui hī'ō o ke kūlanakauhale, akā, i ka 1916, ma ka waenakonu o ke Kaua Honua II, loaa ka oe e kala aku, a ua kiola ia i ma luna o ke koa o ka overcoat. Eia naʻe promorzshie auwaha alakai kulana i ole kali no ka mea opiopio Leyba Feldbina ka mea i malama ia ma ka hope, a hiki i ka hoʻomaka o ka Feberuari kipi.

Poorly alakaʻi i loko o ka maelstrom o ka pili aupuni neʻe i kahili ae Rusia ma hope o ka haule ana o ka autocracy,ʻo ia i loko o Feberuari 1917 hui i ka Communist Party o ka United Internationalists, o kekahi o na mea o ka laila Social Democrats. Akā, ma nā kahua o ka hui i i noho lōʻihi - e ia i loko o ka poʻe kaua o ka Red Army ma ke Kanawai War, lilo iho la oia i kekahi lala o ka Life o ka RCP (b).

Leo Lazarevic - ka limahana o ka 'Oihana Special

Ua ike hope kamaliʻi i kaʻawaʻawa o kaʻilihune a me ka lahui hoohaahaa ana, ua loaʻa ma ka luawai-ike kānāwai o ke Pale o ka Mai Lepera no na Iudaio, ua paulele aku ia me kona naʻau a pau i loko o ia mau ideals kiʻekiʻe a ka Bolsheviks hai mai i ka pahu hopu o kona mau hanana pili aupuni. laila Leib ua wale iwakalua-kumamalima makahiki, aʻo ia me ka ardor a pau o ke keiki holo e kaua me ka poe i, e like me kona mau ideological na kii, hooki hookahi o ke ao ka pomaikai.

I ka 1920, ua lilo i limahana o ka Special ka Pauku 12 o ka poe koa, a i kekahi i loko o ka ka loaʻaʻana a me ka hoʻopau o ka loan-hoʻokahuli aupuni a papa hana i loko o Ukraine. No ka hōʻike i kēia mea kupaianaha hakakā a me kaʻaha hui ano Leyba ka kēia mau makahiki i kona manawa i luna o keia pa alima. I ka Ia manawa e hoʻololi i ka inoa, no laila, i ka wā e hiki mai a pau i heluʻia palapala like Lev Lazarevich Nikolsky.

Ke kahua 'oihana a me ka mahele i loko o Moscow

I ka 1921, o ka aoao e kuhikuhi Lva Lazarevicha ma Arkhangelsk, e alakai i ka Ho 'ana Māhele. Eia, ma hope o ka pōkole ka wā e, ua hoonohoia oia i ke poo o ka hoʻokolokolo 'oihana o ka hope a me ka mana ma ke kānana i ka White kiai iho ai i na luna nana i haawi mai i ka manawa e haʻalele Rusia.

I ka hookahi makahiki, ma Rotehama like me ka prospective limahana, a he lâlâ o ka RCP (B) oia ke launa mai i ka olelo, e hoʻopaʻa haʻawina ma Moscow, kahi ia i ka hāhai ka aʻe eha makahiki me ka haumāna ma ke Kula o kānāwai, hana ma ka kumu o ka Moscow University. keia manawa a pau i nā haʻawina i loko o ka lumi papa,ʻo ia hiehie me ka mea hiki ka hana i loko o kānāwai mākaʻi, a ma luna o pau o ke kuka nei lakou aie limahana GPU aneiai'ōnaehana, alai ae ma kona hoahānau Zinoviy Katznelson.

Service i haole akamai

Trees scout Lva Lazarevicha hoomaka i ka 1926, a me kākau inoa 'ia i loko o ka moku'āina o ka haole oihana o ka OGPU. Specificity o ka wā e hiki mai hana puʻe wale akula kēlā iā ia, e hoʻomau 'ana i ola ma lalo o ka ea inoa. Mai kēia manawa ma luna o, ka mea ku palapala: Orlov Aleksandr Mikhailovich. Mamua mua a me ka hope inoa he wale i loko o nā waihona malu HR.

Ka aʻo a me ka pono kuleana kekahi mau'ōlelo'ē, e hanaʻia kela hana ma na aina o Europa a me Amerika. Ma kekahi, ka mea i alakaʻi i ka Eagles hana 'ana me Kimom Filbi - he papa kiʻekiʻe luna o ke akamai Pelekāne pūʻali koa i mea e Soviet manao keʻena ma lalo nei. Manawa Orlov holoʻokoʻa pukapuka o ka Luna i hanaia a puni ia, e hana ana ma luna o ka Soviet Union. Kēia i ke kaulana "Kamepelika hui", a komo aku la i ka mōʻaukala o ko ke ao nei o ke akamai.

Spanish gula

I ka 1936, mai hemo mai ka Spanish Kanawai War, i hoouna aku ai i laila, a Orlov Aleksandr Mihaylovich, e kōkua i ka republican aupuni like me ka hoʻomalu i loko o na maluhia a me ka counterintelligence. Eia, ua brilliantly makaukau oia me kona komo, a lawe mai i ka hana no ka hoololiia ana o ka Soviet Union, he nui loa o ka caiiaaaieea gula o Spain, like me ka hopena o ka i huli mai e e 510 tona o ka maikai metala, hoike no aneane 73% o nā mea a pau i loaʻa Spanish State Bank ma Moscow ia e ola. Malama aku ia ia, a he nui nā hana a pau āna i hāʻawi mai NKVD.

paakiki olelo hooholo

I ka 1936, Stalin haawi mai impetus i ke kaʻina i alakai aku ai i kekahi o na darkest manawa o Soviet mōʻaukala, a uaʻikeʻia e like me ka mea makau nui. Ke aupuni i loko o kēlā mau makahiki, i ka nalu o ka nuipa a repressions waiho wale aku no ia e ka mea uie kekahi hapanui hewahewa ulu ma i ala hala ole kanaka. Ka mea, i hoʻopā mai ma luna o ka kālai'āina, a koa alakaʻi. Ua wehe He nui Mamua a me veterans o ka Cheka, mai ko lakou mau kia, a me ka hope hopuia, a hooko aku la i apparently pu-i 'āhewa' ana. Mawaena o lakou he nui loa, a hoomaka ae la i kona hana Orlov.

Alexander ua maopopo nö iä ia mea ma neia hope aku ka mea, ua kali ana no ka ia hopena. Hoʻopuʻipuʻi paulele i loko o kēia a me ka lehulehu hōʻike manaʻo ma Moscow o diplomats hana wale aku no. Ka mea loaa i ka mea e hiki mai ana ma ka hana, a ua hopu pu me ko lākou mauʻohana pono ma ka ramp o ka mokulele. Ma Pepeluali 1938, Orlov hope kane manaopaa, e uhaki ai i ke aupuni, ka? Eia o ka mea ana i manao karaima, a ho oweliweli he puʻumake o ia iā ia, a me konaʻohana.

puʻe wale akula kēlā lele

I keia manawa, ma lalo loa pohihihi ana oia i make ai palaka koke kūlana Orlov, ke poo o ka haole oihana o ka NKVD, Aberama Slutsky, a ua hoonohoia kana wahi S. M. Shpigelglas. February 17 Alexander Ua aoia mai no ia e hālāwai pū me ia ma luna o ka moku i hiki aku ai i ka Soviet "Svir" moku i loko o Aioaa? Iaia. Eia naʻe,ʻo ia i nā kumu no ka manaoio ia, i ka anuu,ʻo ia nō e trapped.

Ma ka halawai ana me kona poe hou Make Loa, la oia i i hōʻike. Akā, e lawe ana i kana wahine a me ke kaikamahine, a me a me ka tausani dala kanaono, mai ka hui kālepa dala, Orlov Aleksandr Mihaylovich malu aku la i Farani, a laila, neʻe akula ma Canada i kaʻAmelika Hui Pūʻia. Ma ka Soviet Unionʻo ia nō he mau hoahanau. E mālama iā lākou, mai hiki reprisals no kona pakele, Eagles hoouna mai i ka palapala no ka NKVD. Ma ka mea,ʻo ia ia mea, inā loli kanaka e kokoke iā ia,ʻo ia, e hāʻawi i nā lawelawe haole o ka 'ike e pili ana i Soviet kiu e hana ana ma kekahi'āina.

Nā luna 'muli o

Ua hoʻoweliweli 'Orlov e hoʻokele i ka ai wale nō kā lākou i ka hale, i maoli i ole hoopa aku i ka mea e pale ole o ka mea i olelo mua iaʻi, akā, ua nui kona kaumaha akamai alakaʻi mai kona pakele. Mawaena o lakou ua Iakoba Serebryansky, ka mea i mālama ai ma luna o ka mea kūikawā hana ikaika, a e kuhikuhi i ka hana o ka umikumamaono noho i loko o kekahi mau palena Hawaii. He Ua hopuia a me kana wahine, a me ka olelo hooholo alo ka'ōlelo hoʻopaʻi i ka make. No ka unclear kumu i ka verdict i haawiia mai ma ka hooko, a ua hou i ka mau i ke ku okoa ana, akā, ia mea paakiki i ka manao wale i ka mea i hoomanawanui.

Nā Pono Hana paʻiʻia Orlov

E noho nei i loko oʻAmelika ma lalo o ka inoa o Igor Konstantinovich Berg, Orlov paʻiʻia i loko o ka puke pai "Life" moʻo o ka 'atikala, a i mua, ua kau aʻela ma luna. Ma ia,ʻo ia i ho'ākāka 'ia i loko o au mamuli o ka hewa o ka Communist? Eia, i ka hoike a me ka accomplice puʻe wale akula kēlā i ka mea i loko o ke au o ka hana i loko o ka NKVD. A nui wahi i loko o kēia puke i hāʻawiʻia, a me nā kūlana o Stalin i loko o ka poino, perpetrated ma ka Soviet Union.

Hope i komo kēia mau mea i loko o ka puke paʻiʻia ma New York i nâ makahiki 1953 a me ka unuhi 'ia i loko o nā' ōlelo a pau. I kakauiaʻi maluna ilaila i ua hoʻohanaʻia he nui noiʻi mua kona paʻi ma Rusia i ka makahiki 1991. I ke kakahiaka nui sixties, Ua paʻiʻia kekahi puke Orlov, papahana no ka lā kekahi kaiapili o ka heluhelu - i loko o ka mea ana i kaʻana i kona hana o ka guerrilla kaua a me ka loan-manao hana a papa hana.

belated kono

Oiai ma Amerika, Orlov i kumu e makaʻu i ka hoʻopaʻiʻana o ka Moscow Aupuni a hiki i ka nui loa ma mua o nā Soviet defectors, no ka mea, uaʻike nōʻo ia na mea he nui o na mea huna o ko lākou mau lawelawe malu. E noho nei no ka makahiki ma lalo o ka ea inoa, a akahele hūnā paha i kona helu wahi, i ka mua kiu koe inaccessible i ka NKVD, a ma hope o ka KGB.

Wale nō i loko o ka hapalua like-sixties, ka Soviet Agena Mikhail Feaktistovu hiki ke hookupaa i kona mau i kahi. Eia naʻe, ua loli manawa, a me ka 'ike i loaʻa iā Orlov, ua lilo kona pilina, no laila, i kona ola mea ia i maopopo loa i na olelo hooweliweli au. A laila, Feaktistov Orlov kipa i ka hui, a haawi aku i ka Soviet Aupuni i ke kono a e hoʻi i ka hale. Ka mea, i ua hoʻohiki ke ku okoa ana, Alexander Ivanovich mea i ka hoi ana i ka oihana koa koikoi, a me nā mea a pau o ka waiwai ka mea, hoʻolilo 'ia'.

Orlov hoole. Ka mea, ua mua ma lalo o kanahiku, hou-hoʻomaka ke ola ma ka aina, mai a ka mea, ua liloʻaeʻa lākou ma luna o nā makahiki, ka kūpuna mai i makemake i ka. Alexander wale noi, e haawi aku i ka papa alakaʻi o ka aina e, hoʻowahāwahā nui interrogations, ka FBI i i loaa aku ia ia i kekahi 'ike e pili ana i na konohiki' mea ulana pukapuka, hana me kona komo. Orlov aku la i wale hiki ole e haawi aku i ka poe hilinai ia ia implicitly, a ua malama aku i ka ia manao, i ka i ana i hookahi mahalo.

Ma hope o kona make ana ma March 25, 1977, ma ka wa e kaawale aku o hooilina, ke aupuni pekelala lunakanawai i kauoha e hoʻopaʻa i ka wepa, a me Archive nā palapala o ka mea i make, me ka i kākau lima o na memoirs. Ka mea, i mālama ma laila a hiki i ka makahiki 1999, a ma hope wale nō i hiki ke i lehulehu.